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Gómez-Ambrosi J, Catalán V, Ramírez B, Salmón-Gómez L, Marugán-Pinos R, Rodríguez A, Becerril S, Aguas-Ayesa M, Yárnoz-Esquíroz P, Olazarán L, Perdomo CM, Silva C, Escalada J, Frühbeck G. Cardiometabolic risk stratification using a novel obesity phenotyping system based on body adiposity and waist circumference. Eur J Intern Med 2024:S0953-6205(24)00082-7. [PMID: 38453570 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2024.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The estimation of obesity-associated cardiometabolic risk does not usually take into account body composition or the distribution of adiposity. The aim of the present study was to assess the clinical usefulness of a novel obesity phenotyping system based on the combination of actual body fat percentage (BF%) and waist circumference (WC) according to the cardiometabolic risk estimation. METHODS A classification matrix combining BF% and WC as measures of both amount and distribution of adiposity establishing nine body phenotypes (3 BF% x 3 WC) was developed. Individuals were grouped in five different cardiometabolic risk phenotypes. We conducted a validation study in a large cohort of White subjects from both genders representing a wide range of ages and adiposity (n = 12,754; 65 % females, aged 18-88 years). RESULTS The five risk groups using the matrix combination of BF% and WC exhibited a robust linear distribution regarding cardiometabolic risk, estimated by the Metabolic Syndrome Severity Score, showing a continuous increase between groups with significant differences (P < 0.001) among them, as well as in other cardiometabolic risk factors. An additional 24 % of patients at very high risk was detected with the new classification system proposed (P < 0.001) as compared to an equivalent matrix using BMI and WC instead of BF% and WC. CONCLUSIONS A more detailed phenotyping should be a priority in the diagnosis and management of patients with obesity. Our classification system allows to gradually estimate the cardiometabolic risk according to BF% and WC, thus representing a novel and useful tool for both research and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Gómez-Ambrosi
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain; Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA) Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Victoria Catalán
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain; Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA) Pamplona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Ramírez
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain; Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA) Pamplona, Spain
| | - Laura Salmón-Gómez
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Rocío Marugán-Pinos
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Amaia Rodríguez
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain; Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA) Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sara Becerril
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain; Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA) Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maite Aguas-Ayesa
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain; Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Patricia Yárnoz-Esquíroz
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA) Pamplona, Spain; Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Laura Olazarán
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA) Pamplona, Spain; Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carolina M Perdomo
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain; Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Camilo Silva
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain; Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA) Pamplona, Spain; Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Javier Escalada
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain; Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA) Pamplona, Spain; Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Gema Frühbeck
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain; Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA) Pamplona, Spain; Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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Lee JS, Kim SJ, Park YM. Cross-Sectional Study between Anthropometric Obesity Indices and Intraocular Pressure. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN OPHTHALMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 2015. [DOI: 10.3341/jkos.2015.56.3.379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jong Soo Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Sun Joo Kim
- Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Young Min Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
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Gostynski M, Gutzwiller F, Kuulasmaa K, Döring A, Ferrario M, Grafnetter D, Pajak A. Analysis of the relationship between total cholesterol, age, body mass index among males and females in the WHO MONICA Project. Int J Obes (Lond) 2004; 28:1082-90. [PMID: 15211364 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0802714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the relationship between hypercholesterolaemia, age and BMI among females and males. DESIGN Population-based cross-sectional survey. SUBJECTS The data came from the initial surveys of the WHO MONICA Project. In all, 27 populations with 48 283 subjects (24 017 males and 24 266 females) aged 25-64 y were used for the analysis. MEASUREMENTS Total cholesterol, weight, height, BMI, prevalence of hypercholesterolaemia (PHC) defined as cholesterol >/=6.5 mmol/l, and the prevalence of obesity (POB) defined as BMI >/=30 kg/m(2). RESULTS PHC increased with age, with PHC in males being significantly higher than in females at age range 25-49 y and significantly lower than in females at age range 50-64 y. Age-related increase in hypercholesterolaemia was steeper in females than in males. There was a statistically significant positive association between hypercholesterolaemia and BMI. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed a negative statistically significant (P<0.001) effect modification involving age and BMI on the risk of having hypercholesterolaemia both in females and males. The relation between PHC and BMI became weaker in higher age groups, with no statistically significant association in females aged 50-64 y. CONCLUSION Public health measures should be directed at the prevention of obesity in young adults since the strongest effect of obesity on the risk of hypercholesterolaemia has been found in subjects aged 25-39 y.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gostynski
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Boniface DR, Tefft ME. Dietary fats and 16-year coronary heart disease mortality in a cohort of men and women in Great Britain. Eur J Clin Nutr 2002; 56:786-92. [PMID: 12122556 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2001] [Revised: 04/05/2002] [Accepted: 04/09/2002] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The paper aims to investigate the relationships of dietary fats to subsequent coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality in men and women while taking account of other CHD-related behaviours. DESIGN A cohort of randomly selected men and women were interviewed in 1984-85 and monitored subsequently for 16 y for deaths. The interview covered health, health-related behaviours, physical measurements, socio-demographic details and a dietary questionnaire. Appropriate exclusions left 1225 men and 1451 women aged 40-75 with 98 and 57 CHD deaths, respectively. Saturated, polyunsaturated and total fat intakes were estimated. SETTING The sample was randomly selected from households in Great Britain. The interviews took place in participants' own homes. RESULTS Not consuming alcohol, smoking, not exercising and being socially disadvantaged were related to high saturated fat intake and CHD death. Cox survival analyses adjusting for these factors found that a level of saturated fat 100 g per week higher corresponded to a relative risk for CHD death for men of 1.00 (0.86-1.18) and 1.40 (1.09-1.79) for women. This difference between the effects of saturated fat in men and women was statistically significant (P=0.019). Results are also reported for total fat and the relative effects of polyunsaturated and saturated fats. CONCLUSIONS Strong evidence was found for the within cohort relationship of dietary fat and CHD death in women while no evidence was found for a relationship in men. Possible explanations for this are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Boniface
- University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, Herts, UK.
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