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Khan M, Kazi TG, Afridi HI, Bilal M, Akhtar A, Ullah N, Khan S, Talpur S. Application of ultrasonically modified cloud point extraction method for simultaneous enrichment of cadmium and lead in sera of different types of gallstone patients. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2017; 39:313-320. [PMID: 28732951 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2017.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A novel and greener ultrasonically assisted/modified cloud point extraction procedure for the simultaneous preconcentration of lead and cadmium in serum samples of different types of gallstone patients was developed. The chelates of the under study metals, formerly formed with 8-hydroxyquinoline, were extracted in the micelles of a nonionic surfactant prior to analysis by flame atomic absorption spectrometer (FAAS). After the arrival of the cloud point, the critical micellar mass produced was homogenously dispersed in the aqueous phase with the help of ultrasound energy. The reliability of the developed procedure was tested by relative standard deviation (% RSD), which was found to be <5%. The performance of the proposed procedure was checked by applying to certified reference material and spiking standard in real samples. All the experimental parameters were optimized. The developed procedure of Um-CPE was applied successfully for the analysis of the target heavy metals in serum samples of different types of gallstone patients and referents. The higher levels of the understudy metals were observed in the patients as compared to the referents but the levels of the both metal were found to be considerably higher in patients with pigmented gallstones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Khan
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan.
| | - Tasneem Gul Kazi
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan.
| | - Hasan Imran Afridi
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan.
| | - Asma Akhtar
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan.
| | - Naeem Ullah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turbat, Balochistan 92600, Pakistan.
| | - Sabir Khan
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Rua Professor Francisco Degni, 55, Quitandinha, 14.800-060 Araraquara, Brazil.
| | - Sehrish Talpur
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan.
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Castellanos MJ, Fuente A. The Adverse Effects of Heavy Metals with and without Noise Exposure on the Human Peripheral and Central Auditory System: A Literature Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:E1223. [PMID: 27941700 PMCID: PMC5201364 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13121223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to some chemicals in the workplace can lead to occupational chemical-induced hearing loss. Attention has mainly focused on the adverse auditory effects of solvents. However, other chemicals such as heavy metals have been also identified as ototoxic agents. The aim of this work was to review the current scientific knowledge about the adverse auditory effects of heavy metal exposure with and without co-exposure to noise in humans. PubMed and Medline were accessed to find suitable articles. A total of 49 articles met the inclusion criteria. Results from the review showed that no evidence about the ototoxic effects in humans of manganese is available. Contradictory results have been found for arsenic, lead and mercury as well as for the possible interaction between heavy metals and noise. All studies found in this review have found that exposure to cadmium and mixtures of heavy metals induce auditory dysfunction. Most of the studies investigating the adverse auditory effects of heavy metals in humans have investigated human populations exposed to lead. Some of these studies suggest peripheral and central auditory dysfunction induced by lead exposure. It is concluded that further evidence from human studies about the adverse auditory effects of heavy metal exposure is still required. Despite this issue, audiologists and other hearing health care professionals should be aware of the possible auditory effects of heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Josée Castellanos
- École D'orthophonie et D'audiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada.
| | - Adrian Fuente
- École D'orthophonie et D'audiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada.
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Analysis of Carcinogenic Heavy Metals in Gallstones and its Role in Gallbladder Carcinogenesis. J Gastrointest Cancer 2016; 48:361-368. [DOI: 10.1007/s12029-016-9898-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Varshney P, Saini R, Taneja A. Trace element concentration in fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and their bioavailability in different microenvironments in Agra, India: a case study. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2016; 38:593-605. [PMID: 26160661 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-015-9745-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to airborne particulate matter results in the deposition of millions of particle in the lung; consequently, there is need for monitoring them particularly in indoor environments. Case study was conducted in three different microenvironments, i.e., urban, rural and roadside to examine the elemental bioavailability in fine particulate matter and its potential health risk. The samples were collected on polytetrafluoroethylene filter paper with the help of fine particulate sampler during August-September, 2012. The average mass concentration of PM2.5 was 71.23 µg m(-3) (rural), 45.33 µg m(-3) (urban) and 36.71 µg m(-3) (roadside). Elements in PM2.5 were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. Percentage bioavailability was determined to know the amount of soluble fraction that is actually taken across the cell membrane through inhalation pathway. Cadmium and lead were found to have cancer risk in a risk evaluation using an Integrated Risk Information system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poorti Varshney
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar University, Khandari Campus, Agra, 282002, India
| | - Renuka Saini
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar University, Khandari Campus, Agra, 282002, India
| | - Ajay Taneja
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar University, Khandari Campus, Agra, 282002, India.
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Aslin Shamema A, Thanigai Arul K, Senthil Kumar R, Narayana Kalkura S. Physicochemical analysis of urinary stones from Dharmapuri district. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 134:442-448. [PMID: 25033236 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.05.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Nephrolithiasis is a common disease caused by the multifactorial components such as geographical location, bacterial infection, low urine volume, and low intake of water. This disease induces severe metabolic abnormalities in the human body. As the prevalence of this disease was high in Dharmapuri district located in Tamil Nadu, urinary stones removed from the patients pertaining to this district were collected and to identify the toxic elements present in the stones. The presence of functional groups and phases of the stones were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The majority of stones were found to be calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) and mixed stones having minor existence of struvite and uric acid. Hexagonal shaped COM crystals, needle shaped uric acid crystals and layered arrangement of struvite crystals in the core region were revealed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) was used to determine the thermal stability and the hardness of the stone which was measured using Vickers hardness (HV). The presence of toxic elements in stones such as zirconium and mercury was identified using Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS). The EDS analysis showed higher concentration of zirconium in the core region compared to the periphery. The percentage of zirconium was relatively high compared to other toxic elements in the stones. The Vickers hardness results indicated that high HV values in the core region than the periphery and this might be due to the presence of zirconium.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Aslin Shamema
- Crystal Growth Centre, Anna University, Chennai 600 025, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K Thanigai Arul
- Crystal Growth Centre, Anna University, Chennai 600 025, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Senthil Kumar
- Thangam Hospital, Bharathipuram, Dharmapuri 636705, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Narayana Kalkura
- Crystal Growth Centre, Anna University, Chennai 600 025, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Lin CW, Abdul SS, Clinciu DL, Scholl J, Jin X, Lu H, Chen SS, Iqbal U, Heineck MJ, Li YC. Empowering village doctors and enhancing rural healthcare using cloud computing in a rural area of mainland China. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2014; 113:585-592. [PMID: 24296075 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2013.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2013] [Revised: 10/05/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND China's healthcare system often struggles to meet the needs of its 900 million people living in rural areas due to major challenges in preventive medicine and management of chronic diseases. Here we address some of these challenges by equipping village doctors (ViDs) with Health Information Technology and developing an electronic health record (EHR) system which collects individual patient information electronically to aid with implementation of chronic disease management programs. METHODS An EHR system based on a cloud-computing architecture was developed and deployed in Xilingol county of Inner Mongolia using various computing resources (hardware and software) to deliver services over the health network using Internet when available. The system supports the work at all levels of the healthcare system, including the work of ViDs in rural areas. An analysis done on 291,087 EHRs created from November 2008 to June 2011 evaluated the impact the EHR system has on preventive medicine and chronic disease management programs in rural China. RESULTS From 2008 to 2011 health records were created for 291,087 (26.25%) from 1,108,951 total Xilingol residents with 10,240 cases of hypertension and 1152 cases of diabetes diagnosed and registered. Furthermore, 2945 hypertensive and 305 diabetic patients enrolled in follow-up. Implementing the EHR system revealed a high rate of cholecystectomies leading to investigations and findings of drinking water contaminated with metals. Measures were taken to inform the population and clean drinking water was supplied. CONCLUSIONS The cloud-based EHR approach improved the care provision for ViDs in rural China and increased the efficiency of the healthcare system to monitor the health status of the population and to manage preventive care efforts. It also helped discover contaminated water in one of the project areas revealing further benefits if the system is expanded and improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Wei Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medical Informatics, Taipei Medical University and Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shabbir Syed Abdul
- College of Medical Science and Technology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Daniel L Clinciu
- College of Medical Science and Technology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Haifei Lu
- Healthgrid Technology Inc., Beijing, China
| | | | - Usman Iqbal
- College of Medical Science and Technology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Maxwell J Heineck
- Institute of Industrial Management, King Fahd University, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yu-Chuan Li
- College of Medical Science and Technology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dermatology, Wanfang Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Sharma R, Pervez S. Toxic metals status in human blood and breast milk samples in an integrated steel plant environment in Central India. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2005; 27:39-45. [PMID: 15688129 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-004-1628-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2004] [Accepted: 05/25/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Owing to its unique nutritional and immunological characteristics, human milk is the most important food source for infants. Breast milk can, however, also be a pathway of maternal excretion of toxic elements. Selected toxic elements (As, Pb, Mn,a Hg and Cd) were determined in human breast milk and blood samples obtained from 120 subjects related to an integrated steel plant environment located in central India. Samples of breast milk and blood from subjects living outside the steel plant environment were also analyzed for comparative study. Higher levels of these toxic elements were found in blood samples as compared to breast milk samples. Plant workers showed the higher presence of these metals in their breast milk and blood samples compared to the residents of the area and the subjects living outside the industrial environment, respectively. Mn, Pb and Hg have shown a higher tendency to associate with blood and breast milk than As and Cd. The order of occurrence of these metals in blood and milk samples thus found is Mn > Pb > Hg > As > Cd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajnikant Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Govt. Arts, Science & Commerce College, Durg, 491001, India
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Affiliation(s)
- M Harper
- SKC, Inc., Eighty Four, Pennsylvania 15390, USA
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