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Hasegawa J, Azevedo R, Silveira A, Lima-Silva A, Bertuzzi R. Wearable near-infrared spectroscopy: reliability and sensitivity among different endurance cycling exercise intensities. Braz J Med Biol Res 2024; 57:e13102. [PMID: 38451607 PMCID: PMC10913389 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2024e13102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the reliability and sensitivity of a wearable near-infrared spectroscopy (wNIRS) device in moderate and heavy exercise intensity domains. On three separate days, eleven males performed an incremental test to exhaustion, and in the following visits, four submaximal constant-load bouts (i.e., test and retest) were performed in the moderate-intensity domain (100 and 130 W) and heavy-intensity domain (160 and 190 W). The local tissue oxygen saturation index (SmO2) and pulmonary oxygen uptake (V̇O2) were measured continuously. The absolute SmO2 and V̇O2 values and the change (Δ) from the 3rd to 6th min of exercise were calculated. There was good reliability for SmO2 measurements, as indicated by the high intraclass correlation coefficient analysis (ICC ≥0.84 for all) and low coefficient of variation between the two trials (CV ≤4.1% for all). Steady-state responses were observed for SmO2 and V̇O2 from the 3rd to the 6th min in the two moderate-intensity bouts (P>0.05), whereas SmO2 decreased and V̇O2 increased from the 3rd to the 6th min in the two heavy-intensity bouts (P<0.05). Together, these findings suggested that the SmO2 measured with a wNIRS device is reliable and sensitive to track local metabolic changes provoked by slight increments in exercise intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.S. Hasegawa
- Grupo de Estudos em Aptidão Aeróbia, Escola de Educação Física e Esporte, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - R.A. Azevedo
- Grupo de Estudos em Aptidão Aeróbia, Escola de Educação Física e Esporte, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - A.C. Silveira
- Grupo de Estudos em Aptidão Aeróbia, Escola de Educação Física e Esporte, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - A.E. Lima-Silva
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Desempenho Humano, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - R. Bertuzzi
- Grupo de Estudos em Aptidão Aeróbia, Escola de Educação Física e Esporte, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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Zhao F, Tomita M, Dutta A. Operational Modal Analysis of Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Measure of 2-Month Exercise Intervention Effects in Sedentary Older Adults with Diabetes and Cognitive Impairment. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1099. [PMID: 37509027 PMCID: PMC10377417 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13071099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD 2019 Diseases and Injuries Collaborators) found that diabetes significantly increases the overall burden of disease, leading to a 24.4% increase in disability-adjusted life years. Persistently high glucose levels in diabetes can cause structural and functional changes in proteins throughout the body, and the accumulation of protein aggregates in the brain that can be associated with the progression of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). To address this burden in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a combined aerobic and resistance exercise program was developed based on the recommendations of the American College of Sports Medicine. The prospectively registered clinical trials (NCT04626453, NCT04812288) involved two groups: an Intervention group of older sedentary adults with T2DM and a Control group of healthy older adults who could be either active or sedentary. The completion rate for the 2-month exercise program was high, with participants completing on an average of 89.14% of the exercise sessions. This indicated that the program was practical, feasible, and well tolerated, even during the COVID-19 pandemic. It was also safe, requiring minimal equipment and no supervision. Our paper presents portable near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) based measures that showed muscle oxygen saturation (SmO2), i.e., the balance between oxygen delivery and oxygen consumption in muscle, drop during bilateral heel rise task (BHR) and the 6 min walk task (6MWT) significantly (p < 0.05) changed at the post-intervention follow-up from the pre-intervention baseline in the T2DM Intervention group participants. Moreover, post-intervention changes from pre-intervention baseline for the prefrontal activation (both oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin) showed statistically significant (p < 0.05, q < 0.05) effect at the right superior frontal gyrus, dorsolateral, during the Mini-Cog task. Here, operational modal analysis provided further insights into the 2-month exercise intervention effects on the very-low-frequency oscillations (<0.05 Hz) during the Mini-Cog task that improved post-intervention in the sedentary T2DM Intervention group from their pre-intervention baseline when compared to active healthy Control group. Then, the 6MWT distance significantly (p < 0.01) improved in the T2DM Intervention group at post-intervention follow-up from pre-intervention baseline that showed improved aerobic capacity and endurance. Our portable NIRS based measures have practical implications at the point of care for the therapists as they can monitor muscle and brain oxygenation changes during physical and cognitive tests to prescribe personalized physical exercise doses without triggering individual stress response, thereby, enhancing vascular health in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhao
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Machiko Tomita
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Anirban Dutta
- School of Engineering, University of Lincoln, Lincoln LN67TS, UK
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Seshadri DR, Harlow ER, Thom ML, Emery MS, Phelan DM, Hsu JJ, Düking P, De Mey K, Sheehan J, Geletka B, Flannery R, Calcei JG, Karns M, Salata MJ, Gabbett TJ, Voos JE. Wearable technology in the sports medicine clinic to guide the return-to-play and performance protocols of athletes following a COVID-19 diagnosis. Digit Health 2023; 9:20552076231177498. [PMID: 37434736 PMCID: PMC10331194 DOI: 10.1177/20552076231177498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has enabled the adoption of digital health platforms for self-monitoring and diagnosis. Notably, the pandemic has had profound effects on athletes and their ability to train and compete. Sporting organizations worldwide have reported a significant increase in injuries manifesting from changes in training regimens and match schedules resulting from extended quarantines. While current literature focuses on the use of wearable technology to monitor athlete workloads to guide training, there is a lack of literature suggesting how such technology can mediate the return to sport processes of athletes infected with COVID-19. This paper bridges this gap by providing recommendations to guide team physicians and athletic trainers on the utility of wearable technology for improving the well-being of athletes who may be asymptomatic, symptomatic, or tested negative but have had to quarantine due to a close exposure. We start by describing the physiologic changes that occur in athletes infected with COVID-19 with extended deconditioning from a musculoskeletal, psychological, cardiopulmonary, and thermoregulatory standpoint and review the evidence on how these athletes may safely return to play. We highlight opportunities for wearable technology to aid in the return-to-play process by offering a list of key parameters pertinent to the athlete affected by COVID-19. This paper provides the athletic community with a greater understanding of how wearable technology can be implemented in the rehabilitation process of these athletes and spurs opportunities for further innovations in wearables, digital health, and sports medicine to reduce injury burden in athletes of all ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhruv R Seshadri
- University Hospitals Sports Medicine Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ethan R Harlow
- University Hospitals Sports Medicine Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Mitchell L Thom
- University Hospitals Sports Medicine Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Michael S Emery
- Sports Cardiology Center, Heart, Vascular, and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Dermot M Phelan
- Sanger Heart and Vascular Institute, Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Hsu
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Peter Düking
- Integrative and Experimental Exercise Science, Department of Sport Science, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Benjamin Geletka
- University Hospitals Sports Medicine Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
- University Hospitals Rehabilitation Services and Sports Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Robert Flannery
- University Hospitals Sports Medicine Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jacob G Calcei
- University Hospitals Sports Medicine Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Michael Karns
- University Hospitals Sports Medicine Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Michael J Salata
- University Hospitals Sports Medicine Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Tim J Gabbett
- Gabbett Performance Solutions, Brisbane, Australia
- Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, Australia
- School of Science, Psychology and Sport, Federation University, Ballarat, Australia
| | - James E Voos
- University Hospitals Sports Medicine Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Lahti DS, Pockett C, Boyes NG, Bradley TJ, Butcher SJ, Wright KD, Erlandson MC, Tomczak CR. Effects of 12-Week Home-based Resistance Training on Peripheral Muscle Oxygenation in Children With Congenital Heart Disease: A CHAMPS Study. CJC PEDIATRIC AND CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE 2022; 1:203-212. [PMID: 37969430 PMCID: PMC10642115 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjcpc.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Background A hallmark feature of children with congenital heart disease (CHD) is exercise intolerance. Whether a home-based resistance training intervention improves muscle oxygenation (as measured by tissue oxygenation index, TOI) and exercise tolerance (V ˙ O2 reserve) during aerobic exercise in children with CHD compared with healthy children is unknown. Methods We report findings for 10 children with CHD (female/male: 4/6; mean ± standard deviation age: 13 ± 1 years) and 9 healthy controls (female/male: 5/4; age: 12 ± 3 years). Children with CHD completed a 12-week home-based exercise programme in addition to 6 in-person sessions. Exercise tolerance was assessed with a peak exercise test. Vastus lateralis TOI was continuously sampled during the peak V ˙ O2 test via near-infrared spectroscopy. Results There was a medium effect (Cohen's d = 0.67) of exercise training on lowering TOI at peak exercise (pre: 30 ± 16 %total labile signal vs post: 20 ± 13 % total labile signal; P = 0.099). Exercise training had a small effect (Cohen's d = 0.23) on increasing V ˙ O2 reserve by 1.6 mL/kg/min (pre: 27.2 ± 5.7 mL/kg/min vs post: 29.4 ± 8.8 mL/kg/min; P = 0.382). There was also a small effect (Cohen's d = 0.27) of exercise on peak heart rate (pre: 175 ± 23 beats/min vs post: 169 ± 21 beats/min; P = 0.18). TOI, V ˙ O2 reserve, and heart rate were generally lower than healthy control participants. Conclusions Our findings indicate that home-based resistance training may enhance skeletal muscle oxygen extraction (lower TOI) and subsequently V ˙ O2 reserve in children with CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana S. Lahti
- College of Kinesiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Charissa Pockett
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Natasha G. Boyes
- College of Kinesiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Timothy J. Bradley
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Scotty J. Butcher
- School of Rehabilitation Science, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Kristi D. Wright
- Department of Psychology, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Marta C. Erlandson
- College of Kinesiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Corey R. Tomczak
- College of Kinesiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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Lu YJ, Chen SY, Lai YC, Chaiyawat P, Chao YH, Chuang LM, Shih TTF, Wang HK. Muscle Microcirculatory Responses to Incremental Exercises Are Correlated with Peak Oxygen Uptake in Individuals With and Without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2022; 20:405-413. [PMID: 35594301 DOI: 10.1089/met.2021.0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The role of impaired oxygen extraction on peak oxygen uptake (V̇O2peak) has been extensively studied using noninvasive and indirect methods in both diabetic patients and healthy participants. Methods: A total of 22 participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus [T2DM; median (range) age: 60 (47-70) years] and 22 controls [58 (52-69) years] with no history of diabetes were recruited (reference no. 201812135RINB). Subjects performed an exhaustive incremental exercise and were evaluated using a gas analyzer and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to determine V̇O2peak and changes in muscle oxygenation (SmO2) in the vastus lateralis, respectively. Measurements were taken at rest, warm-up, a period during exercise when SmO2 reached a minimum saturation plateau, and recovery. The microcirculatory responses of the vastus lateralis muscle during incremental exercise in patients with T2DM were compared with those in control individuals, and the correlation between changes in SmO2 and V̇O2peak was estimated. Results: The diabetic group demonstrated lower V̇O2peak, peak workload, peak heart rate, peak minute ventilation (all P < 0.05), and lower SmO2 during the rest, warm-up, and recovery phases (all P < 0.05) compared with the control group. A correlation was observed between the change in SmO2 between the warm-up and plateau value and the V̇O2peak (r = 0.608, P = 0.006). Conclusions: The results obtained in this study using NIRS support the feasibility of directly measuring changes in muscle SmO2 magnitudes to estimate the contributions of peripheral active muscle to systemic O2 uptake (V̇O2) during incremental exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Jhen Lu
- School and Graduate Institute of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center of Physical Therapy, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ssu-Yuan Chen
- Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chuen Lai
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Yuan-Hung Chao
- School and Graduate Institute of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center of Physical Therapy, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lee-Ming Chuang
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tiffany Ting-Fang Shih
- Department of Medical Image and Radiology, Medical College and Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Kuo Wang
- School and Graduate Institute of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center of Physical Therapy, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Holmes M, Koutakis P, Ismaeel A. Aging alters gastrocnemius muscle hemoglobin oxygen saturation (StO 2) characteristics in healthy individuals. Eur J Appl Physiol 2022; 122:1509-1520. [PMID: 35419666 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-022-04944-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Functional limitations during exercise from alterations in the balance of oxygen supply and demand-as reported by lower tissue oxygen saturation and longer recovery time-are well documented in clinical populations. We aimed to assess changes in skeletal muscle hemoglobin oxygen saturation (StO2) characteristics during exercise as a result of aging in otherwise healthy individuals. METHODS We recruited healthy male and female participants (n = 101) from three age ranges-young (18-39 years), middle age (40-65 years), and older (> 65 years)-to complete exercise tests commonly used in clinical populations. Using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) we assessed StO2 in the medial gastrocnemius during the Gardner Treadmill Protocol and 6 min walk test (6MWT). RESULTS Minimum StO2 (%) during the treadmill test was significantly lower for both middle-age (36.1 ± 20.6) and older (27.3 ± 19.4) participants compared to young (46.8 ± 14.8) (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01 respectively), and recovery time (minutes) was significantly prolonged (young = 0.22 ± 0.34; middle age = 0.66 ± 0.52; older = 1.04 ± 1.00) (p < 0.001 for both middle age and older compared to young). Similar results were shown during the 6MWT, as minimum StO2 (%) was lower in middle-age (41.7 ± 17.2) and older (40.0 ± 25.9) participants compared to young (53.6 ± 14.5) (p < 0.05), and recovery times (minutes) were prolonged (young: 0.11 ± 0.17; middle age: 0.46 ± 0.42; older: 0.93 ± 0.43) (p < 0.001 for both middle age and older compared to young). Simple linear regression analyses demonstrated that age predicted treadmill recovery and 6MWT recovery. CONCLUSION Our study provides evidence that aging, even in otherwise healthy individuals, negatively impacts muscle StO2 characteristics. In older individuals, working muscle tissue may reach lower oxygen saturation during exercise and take longer to return to baseline oxygen saturation post-exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Holmes
- Max E, Wastl Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | | | - Ahmed Ismaeel
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA.
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Salas-Montoro JA, Mateo March M, Sánchez-Muñoz C, Zabala M. Determination of second lactate threshold using near-infrared spectroscopy in elite cyclists. Int J Sports Med 2022; 43:721-728. [PMID: 35021246 DOI: 10.1055/a-1738-0252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The use of near-infrared spectroscopy could be an interesting alternative to other invasive or expensive methods to estimate the second lactate threshold. Our objective was to compare the intensities of the muscle oxygen saturation breakpoint obtained with the Humon Hex and the second lactate threshold in elite cyclists. Ninety cyclists performed a maximal graded exercise test. Blood capillary lactate was obtained at the end of steps and muscle oxygenation was continuously monitored. There were no differences (p>0.05) between muscle oxygen oxygenation breakpoint and second lactate threshold neither in power nor in heart rate, nor when these values were relativized as a percentage of maximal aerobic power or maximum heart rate. There were also no differences when men and women were studied separately. Both methods showed a highly correlation in power (r=0.914), percentage of maximal aerobic power (r=0.752), heart rate (r=0.955), and percentage of maximum heart rate (r=0.903). Bland-Altman resulted in a mean difference of 0.05±0.27 W·kg-1, 0.91±4.93%, 0.63±3.25 bpm, and 0.32±1.69% for power, percentage of maximal aerobic power, heart rate and percentage of maximum heart rate respectively. These findings suggest that Humon may be a non-invasive and low-cost alternative to estimate the second lactate threshold intensity in elite cyclists.
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Affiliation(s)
- José-Antonio Salas-Montoro
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Manuel Mateo March
- Health Psichology, Sport Research Centre, Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, Alicante, Spain.,BMX, Spanish Cycling Federation, Alicante, Spain
| | - Cristóbal Sánchez-Muñoz
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences (University of Granada), Granada, Spain
| | - Mikel Zabala
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences (University of Granada), Granada, Spain.,Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Granada, Spain
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Systemic and Quadriceps Muscle O2 Dynamics in Subjects Without Attenuation Point of Deoxygenated Haemoglobin Concentration During Ramp Cycling Exercise. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1395:429-434. [PMID: 36527674 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-14190-4_70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare systemic and quadriceps muscle O2 dynamics between aerobic capacity-matched subjects without (NAP; n = 5) and with (CON; n = 13) attenuation point in deoxygenated haemoglobin concentration (deoxy-Hb) at vastus lateralis (APdeoxy-Hb@VL) during ramp cycling exercise. Muscle O2 saturation (SmO2) and deoxy-Hb were monitored at the vastus lateralis (VL), rectus femoris (RF), and vastus medialis (VM) by spatial resolved near infrared spectroscopy during exercise. Cardiac output (CO) and pulmonary O2 uptake (VO2) were also continuously measured. During high-intensity exercise, in NAP, steeper slopes of both deoxy-Hb and SmO2 were found at VM, similar to VL muscle. Additionally, at RF, the slope of deoxy-Hb was steeper in NAP than CON. While the slope of pulmonary VO2 was similar between groups, the slope of CO was shallower in NAP than CON. During moderate intensity exercise, the slopes of all variables were similar between groups. These results suggest that the slope of muscle deoxygenation was enhanced not only in VL but also other thigh muscles in NAP, compared to CON. Because the slope of CO was associated with the slope of SmO2 and deoxy-Hb at VL during high-intensity exercise, the differences in subjects with and without APdeoxy-Hb@VL may be partly explained by systemic O2 supply, rather than O2 balance in the other quadriceps muscles.
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Oueslati F, Saey D, Vézina FA, Nadreau É, Martin M, Maltais F. Acute Cardiopulmonary and Muscle Oxygenation Responses to Normocapnic Hyperpnea Exercise in COPD. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2022; 54:47-56. [PMID: 34334721 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate cardiorespiratory responses and intercostal muscle oxygenation during normocapnic hyperpnea exercise in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). METHODS Twenty-two patients with COPD performed a cardiopulmonary cycling exercise test to assess peak oxygen consumption (V˙O2peak) and minute ventilation (V˙Epeak). They also performed a normocapnic hyperpnea exercise alone, at 50%-60% of V˙Epeak to exhaustion, using a respiratory device (Spirotiger) connected to a gas analyzer to monitor V˙O2, V˙E, and end-tidal CO2 partial pressure. Cardiac output, and intercostal and vastus lateralis muscle oxygenation were continuously measured during exercise using finger photoplethysmography and near-infrared spectroscopy, respectively. Arterial blood gases (arterial PCO2) and inspiratory capacity were obtained at rest and at the end of hyperpnea exercise. RESULTS The hyperpnea exercise lasted 576 ± 277 s at a V˙E of 34.5 ± 12.1 L·min-1 (58% ± 6% of V˙Epeak), a respiratory rate of 22 ± 4 breaths per minute, and a tidal volume of 1.43 ± 0.43 L. From rest to the end of hyperpnea exercise, V˙O2 increased by 0.35 ± 0.16 L·min-1 (P < 0.001), whereas end-tidal CO2 partial pressure and arterial PCO2 decreased by ~2 mm Hg (P = 0.031) and ~5 mm Hg (P = 0.002, n = 13), respectively. Moreover, inspiratory capacity fell from 2.44 ± 0.84 L at rest to 1.96 ± 0.59 L (P = 0.002). During the same period, heart rate and cardiac output increased from 69 ± 12 bpm and 4.94 ± 1.15 L·min-1 at rest to 87 ± 17 bpm (P = 0.002) and 5.92 ± 1.58 L·min-1 (P = 0.007), respectively. During hyperpnea exercise, intercostal deoxyhemoglobin and total hemoglobin increased by 14.26% ± 13.72% (P = 0.001) and 8.69% ± 12.49% (P = 0.003) compared with their resting value. However, during the same period, vastus lateralis oxygenation remained stable (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In patients with COPD, normocapnic hyperpnea exercise provided a potent cardiorespiratory physiological stimulus, including dynamic hyperinflation, and increased intercostal deoxyhemoglobin consistent with enhanced requirement for muscle O2 extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferid Oueslati
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, CANADA
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Sandberg C, Crenshaw AG, Elçadi GH, Christersson C, Hlebowicz J, Thilén U, Johansson B. Patients with complex congenital heart disease have slower calf muscle oxygenation during exercise. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcchd.2021.100157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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11
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Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Cycling Time Trial Performance and Prefrontal Cortex Activation. SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/sci3030032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a neuromodulatory technique that delivers low levels of a constant current via scalp electrodes to specifically targeted areas of the brain. The effects of tDCS on whole-body exercise performance has been of interest in recent literature. The purpose of the current investigation was to investigate if tDCS, administered via Halo Sport, influences time trial performance in trained cyclists, and if changes in exercise performance are associated with prefrontal cortex (PFC) activation and/or muscle oxygenation (SmO2). Methods: Twelve recreationally trained cyclists volunteered to participate in a crossover study design involving two 10-kilometer time trials following 20 min of tDCS or a sham condition. Results: t-tests showed there was no significant difference in performance (time to completion) or physiological measures (blood lactate (BL) concentration, heart rate (HR), SmO2, PFC oxygenation) between the Halo and sham conditions. Conclusions: These results indicate that the application of tDCS via Halo Sport does not induce changes in exercise performance or related physiological parameters during a 10-kilometer cycling time trial.
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Changes in Muscle Oxygen Saturation Measured Using Wireless Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Resistance Training: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18084293. [PMID: 33919532 PMCID: PMC8074101 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18084293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to report, through a systematic review of the literature, the baseline and final reference values obtained by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) of muscle oxygen saturation (SmO2) during resistance training in healthy adults. Methods: Original research studies were searched from four databases (Scopus, PubMed, WOS, and SportDiscus). Subsequently, three independent reviewers screened the titles and abstracts, followed by full-text reviews to assess the studies’ eligibility. Results: Four studies met the inclusion criteria, data were extracted and methodological quality was assessed using the Downs and Black scale. Muscle oxygen saturation (% SmO2) during reported muscle strength exercises showed a decreasing trend after a muscle strength protocol; that is, before the protocol (range = 68.07–77.9%) and after (range = 9.50–46.09%). Conclusions: The trend of the SmO2 variables is to decrease after a muscle strength protocol. Studies are lacking that allow expanding the use of these devices during this type of training.
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Endo T, Kime R, Fuse S, Murase N, Kurosawa Y, Hamaoka T. Changes in Optical Path Length Reveal Significant Potential Errors of Muscle Oxygenation Evaluation during Exercise in Humans. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2021; 53:853-859. [PMID: 33017349 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), performed with a commonly available noninvasive tissue oxygenation monitoring device, is based on the modified Beer-Lambert law (MBLL). Although NIRS based on MBLL (NIRSMBLL) assumes that the optical path length (PL) is constant, the effects of changes in PL during exercise on muscle oxygenation calculated by MBLL are still incompletely understood. Thus, the purposes of this study were to examine the changes in optical properties during ramp incremental exercise and to compare muscle oxygen dynamics measured by time-resolved NIRS with those calculated based on MBLL. METHODS Twenty-two healthy young men performed ramp incremental cycling exercise until exhaustion. Optical properties (reduced scattering coefficient and PL) and absolute oxygenated, deoxygenated, and total hemoglobin and myoglobin concentrations (oxy[Hb + Mb], deoxy[Hb + Mb], and total[Hb + Mb], respectively) at the vastus lateralis were continuously monitored by a three-wavelength (763, 801, and 836) time-resolved NIRS device. The values of oxy-, deoxy-, and total[Hb + Mb] were then recalculated by assuming constant PL. RESULTS PL at all wavelengths statistically significantly shortened during exercise. In particular, PL at 763 nm was greatly shortened, and the average changes during exercise were a 9.8% ± 3.1% reduction. In addition, significant differences in the kinetics of oxy-, deoxy-, and total[Hb + Mb] between directly measuring PL and assuming constant PL were found. The average changes in measured PL and assuming constant PL-deoxy[Hb + Mb] were increases of 28.8 ± 16.0 μM and increases of 16.4 ± 9.3 μM, respectively. CONCLUSION Assuming constant PL in NIRSMBLL significantly underestimated actual muscle oxy/deoxygenation as compared with measurements obtained by real-time PL determination. The percent degree of the underestimated oxy/deoxygenation was greater than the percent degree of the changes in PL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasuki Endo
- Department of Sports Medicine for Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, JAPAN
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Rodrigo-Carranza V, González-Mohíno F, Turner AP, Rodriguez-Barbero S, González-Ravé JM. Using a Portable Near-infrared Spectroscopy Device to Estimate The Second Ventilatory Threshold. Int J Sports Med 2021; 42:905-910. [PMID: 33525000 DOI: 10.1055/a-1343-2127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A breakpoint in a portable near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) derived deoxygenated haemoglobin (deoxy[Hb]) signal during an incremental VO2max running test has been associated with the second ventilatory threshold (VT2) in healthy participants. Thus, the aim was to examine the association between this breakpoint (NIRS) and VT2 in well-trained runners. Gas exchange and NIRS data were collected during an incremental VO2max running test for 10 well-trained runners. The breakpoint calculated in oxygen saturation (StO2) and the VT2 were determined and compared in terms relative to %VO2max, absolute speed, VO2, and maximum heart rate (HRmax). There were no significant differences (p>0.05) between the breakpoint in StO2 and VT2 relative to %VO2max (87.00±6.14 and 88.28 ± 3.98 %), absolute speed (15.70±1.42 and 16.10±1.66 km·h-1), VO2 (53.71±15.17 and 54.66±15.57 ml·kg-1·min-1), and%HRmax (90.90±4.17 and 91.84±3.70%). There were large and significant correlations between instruments relative to%VO2max (r=0.68, p<0.05), absolute speed (r=0.86, p<0.001), VO2 (r=0.86, p<0.001), and %HRmax (r=0.69; p<0.05). A Bland and Altman analysis of agreement between instruments resulted in a mean difference of - 1.27±4.49%, -0.40±0.84 km·h-1,-0.90±3.07 ml·kg-1·min-1, and - 0.94±3.14 for %VO2max, absolute speed, VO2, and %HRmax, respectively. We conclude that a portable NIRS determination of the StO2 breakpoint is comparable with VT2 using gas exchange and therefore appropriate for use in determining exercise training above VT2 intensity. This is the first study to analyze the validity with the running mode using a NIRS portable device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Rodrigo-Carranza
- Department of Physical Activity and Sports Sciences, Sport Training Lab, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - Fernando González-Mohíno
- Facultad de Educación y Lenguas, Universidad Nebrija, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Sport, PE and Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony P Turner
- Department of Sport, PE and Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Sergio Rodriguez-Barbero
- Department of Physical Activity and Sports Sciences, Sport Training Lab, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - José María González-Ravé
- Department of Physical Activity and Sports Sciences, Sport Training Lab, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
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15
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Reliability of Low-Cost Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in the Determination of Muscular Oxygen Saturation and Hemoglobin Concentration during Rest, Isometric and Dynamic Strength Activity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17238824. [PMID: 33261036 PMCID: PMC7730940 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17238824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background: The objective of this study was to establish the reliability of the Humon Hex near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) in determining muscle oxygen saturation (SmO2) and hemoglobin concentration (Hgb) at rest and during isometric and dynamic strength exercises using a functional electromechanical dynamometer (FEMD). Methods: The SmO2 and Hgb values of sixteen healthy adults (mean ± standard deviation (SD): Age = 36.1 ± 6.4 years) were recorded at rest and during isometry (8 s), dynamic strength I (initial load of 40% of the average isometric load, with 2 kg increments until muscle failure) and dynamic strength II (same as I, but with an initial load of 40% of the maximum isometric load) activity. To evaluate the reliability in the determination of SmO2 and Hgb of this device, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), standard error of measurement (SEM) and coefficient of variation (CV) were obtained. Results: The main results obtained are SmO2 at rest (CV = 5.76%, SEM = 3.81, ICC = 0.90), isometric strength (CV = 3.03%, SEM = 2.08, ICC = 0.92), dynamic strength I (CV = 10.6, SEM = 7.17, ICC = 0.22) and dynamic strength II (CV = 9.69, SEM = 6.75, ICC = 0.32); Hgb at rest (CV = 1.97%, SEM = 0.24, ICC = 0.65), isometric strength (CV = 0.98%, SEM = 0.12, ICC = 0.96), dynamic strength I (CV = 3.25, SEM = 0.40, ICC = 0.54) and dynamic strength II (CV = 2.74, SEM = 0.34, ICC = 0.65). Conclusions: The study shows that Humon Hex is a reliable device to obtain SmO2 and Hgb data in healthy adult subjects at rest and during isometric strength, providing precision for measurements made with this device.
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Fiorenza M, Gliemann L, Brandt N, Bangsbo J. Hormetic modulation of angiogenic factors by exercise-induced mechanical and metabolic stress in human skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 319:H824-H834. [PMID: 32822216 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00432.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study used an integrative experimental model in humans to investigate whether muscle angiogenic factors are differentially modulated by exercise stimuli eliciting different degrees of mechanical and metabolic stress. In a randomized crossover design, 12 men performed two low-volume high-intensity exercise regimens, including short sprint intervals (SSI) or long sprint intervals (LSI) inducing pronounced mechanical/metabolic stress, and a high-volume moderate-intensity continuous exercise protocol (MIC) inducing mild but prolonged mechanical/metabolic stress. Gene and protein expression of angiogenic factors was determined in vastus lateralis muscle samples obtained before and after exercise. Exercise upregulated muscle VEGF mRNA to a greater extent in LSI and MIC compared with SSI. Analysis of angiogenic factors sensitive to shear stress revealed more marked exercise-induced VEGF receptor 2 (VEGF-R2) mRNA responses in MIC than SSI, as well as greater platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM-1) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) mRNA responses in LSI than SSI. No apparent exercise-induced phosphorylation of shear stress-sensory proteins VEGF-R2Tyr1175, PECAM-1Tyr713, and eNOSSer1177 was observed despite robust elevations in femoral artery shear stress. Exercise evoked greater mRNA responses of the mechanical stretch sensor matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) in SSI than MIC. Exercise-induced mRNA responses of the metabolic stress sensor hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) were more profound in LSI than SSI. These results suggest that low-volume high-intensity exercise transcriptionally activates angiogenic factors in a mechanical/metabolic stress-dependent manner. Furthermore, the angiogenic potency of low-volume high-intensity exercise appears similar to that of high-volume moderate-intensity exercise, but only on condition of eliciting severe mechanical/metabolic stress. We conclude that the angiogenic stimulus produced by exercise depends on both magnitude and protraction of myocellular homeostatic perturbations.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Skeletal muscle capillary growth is orchestrated by angiogenic factors sensitive to mechanical and metabolic signals. In this study, we employed an integrative exercise model to synergistically target, yet to different extents and for different durations, the mechanical and metabolic components of muscle activity that promote angiogenesis. Our results suggest that the magnitude of the myocellular perturbations incurred during exercise determines the amplitude of the angiogenic molecular signals, implying hormetic modulation of skeletal muscle angiogenesis by exercise-induced mechanical and metabolic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fiorenza
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - L Gliemann
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - N Brandt
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J Bangsbo
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Miyamoto T, Watanabe K, Fukuda K, Moritani T. Near-infrared Spectroscopy of Vastus Lateralis Muscle during Incremental Cycling Exercise in patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Phys Ther Res 2020; 23:23-30. [PMID: 32850275 DOI: 10.1298/ptr.e9984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE It is clinically important to elucidate the precise mechanism of exercise intolerance in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). The aim of this study was to examine whether there is a difference in the time course change of the oxygenation in the vastus lateralis (VL) muscle during submaximal incremental cycling exercise between patients with T2DM and age-matched healthy subjects. METHODS Nine elderly men with T2DM and 10 age-matched healthy men (CON) participated in this study. All participants performed an incremental cycling exercise.Total, deoxygenated and oxygenated hemoglobin/myoglobin in the VL muscle were assessed using near-infrared spectroscopy, and cardiorespiratory response was also evaluated during the exercise. RESULTS There were no significant differences in the time course changes of deoxygenated hemoglobin/myoglobin between groups ( p > 0.05). However, the oxygenated hemoglobin/myoglobin in T2DM was significantly higher than that in CON at an intensity above ventilatory threshold during the incremental cycling exercise ( p< 0.05). CONCLUSION This study suggests that patients with T2DM had early limitation of oxygen extraction and lower capacity of oxygenated myoglobin dissociation in the VL muscle. The fact that patients with T2DM showed different oxygen kinetics in a peripheral tissue from healthy subjects may partly explain the potential mechanisms of exercise intolerance in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kohei Watanabe
- School of International Liberal Studies, Chukyo University
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18
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Neary JP, Dudé CM, Singh J, Len TK, Bhambhani YN. Pre-frontal Cortex Oxygenation Changes During Aerobic Exercise in Elite Athletes Experiencing Sport-Related Concussion. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:35. [PMID: 32116614 PMCID: PMC7028689 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: Recent research suggests that aerobic exercise can be performed safely within the first week following a concussion injury and that early initiation of exercise may speed recovery. To better understand the physiological changes during a concussion, we tested the hypothesis that mild-to-intense exercise testing can be performed within days immediately following injury, and can be used to discern differences between the concussed and normal healthy state. Thus, the purpose was to observe the cerebral hemodynamic responses to incremental exercise testing performed acutely post-concussion in high-performance athletes. Methods: This study was a within- and between-experimental design, with seven male university ice hockey teams participating. A subgroup of five players acted as control subjects (CON) and was tested at the same time as the 14 concussed (mTBI) players on Day 2, 4, and 7 post-concussion. A 5-min resting baseline and 5-min exercise bouts of mild (EX1), moderate (EX2), and high (EX3) intensity exercise were performed on a cycle ergometer. Near-infrared spectroscopy was used to monitor pre-frontal cortex oxy-haemoglobin (HbO2), deoxy-haemoglobin (HHb), and total blood volume (tHb) changes. Results: ANOVA compared differences between testing days and groups, and although large percentage changes in HbO2 (20-30%), HHb (30-40%), and tHb (30-40%) were recorded, no significant (p ≤ 0.05) differences in cerebral hemodynamics occurred between mTBI vs. CON during aerobic exercise testing on any day post-injury. Furthermore, there was a linear relationship between exercise intensity vs. cerebral hemodynamics during testing for each day (r 2 = 0.83-0.99). Conclusion: These results demonstrate two novel findings: (1) mild-to-intense aerobic exercise testing can be performed safely as early as Day 2 post-concussion injury in a controlled laboratory environment; and (2) evidence-based objective measures such as cerebral hemodynamics can easily be collected using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to monitor physiological changes during the first-week post-injury. This research has important implications for monitoring physiological recovery post-injury and establishing new rehabilitation guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Patrick Neary
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Health Studies, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada
| | | | - Jyotpal Singh
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Health Studies, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada
| | - Trevor K. Len
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Health Studies, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada
| | - Yagesh N. Bhambhani
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Slower Skeletal Muscle Oxygenation Kinetics in Adults With Complex Congenital Heart Disease. Can J Cardiol 2019; 35:1815-1823. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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20
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Tucker WJ, Rosenberry R, Trojacek D, Sanchez B, Bentley RF, Haykowsky MJ, Tian F, Nelson MD. Near-infrared diffuse correlation spectroscopy tracks changes in oxygen delivery and utilization during exercise with and without isolated arterial compression. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2019; 318:R81-R88. [PMID: 31746636 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00212.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Near-infrared diffuse correlation spectroscopy (NIR-DCS) is an emerging technology for simultaneous measurement of skeletal muscle microvascular oxygen delivery and utilization during exercise. The extent to which NIR-DCS can track acute changes in oxygen delivery and utilization has not yet been fully established. To address this knowledge gap, 14 healthy men performed rhythmic handgrip exercise at 30% maximal voluntary contraction, with and without isolated brachial artery compression, designed to acutely reduce convective oxygen delivery to the exercising muscle. Radial artery blood flow (Duplex Ultrasound) and NIR-DCS derived variables [blood flow index (BFI), tissue oxygen saturation (StO2), and metabolic rate of oxygen (MRO2)] were simultaneously measured. During exercise, both radial artery blood flow (+51.6 ± 20.3 mL/min) and DCS-derived BFI (+155.0 ± 82.2%) increased significantly (P < 0.001), whereas StO2 decreased -7.9 ± 6.2% (P = 0.002) from rest. Brachial artery compression during exercise caused a significant reduction in both radial artery blood flow (-32.0 ± 19.5 mL/min, P = 0.001) and DCS-derived BFI (-57.3 ± 51.1%, P = 0.01) and a further reduction of StO2 (-5.6 ± 3.8%, P = 0.001) compared with exercise without compression. MRO2 was not significantly reduced during arterial compression (P = 0.83) due to compensatory reductions in StO2, driven by increases in deoxyhemoglobin/myoglobin (+7.1 ± 6.1 μM, P = 0.01; an index of oxygen extraction). Together, these proof-of-concept data help to further validate NIR-DCS as an effective tool to assess the determinants of skeletal muscle oxygen consumption at the level of the microvasculature during exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley J Tucker
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas.,College of Nursing, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas.,Department of Nutrition & Food Sciences, Texas Woman's University, Houston, Texas
| | - Ryan Rosenberry
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas
| | - Darian Trojacek
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas
| | - Belinda Sanchez
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas
| | - Robert F Bentley
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark J Haykowsky
- College of Nursing, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas
| | - Fenghua Tian
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas
| | - Michael D Nelson
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas
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Polat EO, Mercier G, Nikitskiy I, Puma E, Galan T, Gupta S, Montagut M, Piqueras JJ, Bouwens M, Durduran T, Konstantatos G, Goossens S, Koppens F. Flexible graphene photodetectors for wearable fitness monitoring. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaaw7846. [PMID: 31548984 PMCID: PMC6744261 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaw7846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Wearable health and wellness trackers based on optical detection are promising candidates for public health uses due to their noninvasive tracking of vital health signs. However, so far, the use of rigid technologies hindered the ultimate performance and form factor of the wearable. Here, we demonstrate a new class of flexible and transparent wearables based on graphene sensitized with semiconducting quantum dots (GQD). We show several prototype wearable devices that are able to monitor vital health signs noninvasively, including heart rate, arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2), and respiratory rate. Operation with ambient light is demonstrated, offering low-power consumption. Moreover, using heterogeneous integration of a flexible ultraviolet (UV)-sensitive photodetector with a near-field communication circuit board allows wireless communication and power transfer between the photodetectors and a smartphone, offering battery-free operation. This technology paves the way toward seamlessly integrated wearables, and empowers the user through wireless probing of the UV index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre O. Polat
- ICFO–Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gabriel Mercier
- ICFO–Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ivan Nikitskiy
- ICFO–Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eric Puma
- ICFO–Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Galan
- ICFO–Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Shuchi Gupta
- ICFO–Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Montagut
- ICFO–Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan José Piqueras
- ICFO–Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maryse Bouwens
- ICFO–Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Turgut Durduran
- ICFO–Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA—Institució Catalana de Recerça i Estudis Avançats, Lluis Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gerasimos Konstantatos
- ICFO–Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA—Institució Catalana de Recerça i Estudis Avançats, Lluis Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Stijn Goossens
- ICFO–Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Frank Koppens
- ICFO–Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA—Institució Catalana de Recerça i Estudis Avançats, Lluis Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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Hammer SM, Hueber DM, Townsend DK, Huckaby LM, Alexander AM, Didier KD, Barstow TJ. Effect of assuming constant tissue scattering on measured tissue oxygenation values during tissue ischemia and vascular reperfusion. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2019; 127:22-30. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01138.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of assuming constant tissue scattering properties on tissue oxygenation measurements during a vascular occlusion test (VOT). Twenty-one subjects (21.8 ± 1.9 yr) completed a VOT [1 min baseline (BL), 5 min of tissue ischemia (TI), and 3 min of vascular reperfusion (VR)]. Absolute concentrations of oxygenated heme (oxy-[heme]), deoxygenated heme (deoxy-[heme]), total heme (total [heme), tissue oxygen saturation (StO2), and heme difference [heme]diff) were measured using frequency domain near-infrared spectroscopy (FD-NIRS) while 1) continuously measuring and incorporating tissue scattering ([Formula: see text]) and 2) assuming scattering remained constant. FD-NIRS measured [Formula: see text] increased during TI at 692 nm ( P < 0.001) and decreased at 834 nm ( P < 0.001). During VR, [Formula: see text] decreased at 692 nm ( P < 0.001) and increased at 834 nm ( P < 0.001). When assuming constant scattering, oxy-[heme] was significantly less at TIpeak ( P < 0.05) while deoxy-[heme] and StO2 were significantly altered at BL, TIpeak, and VRpeak (all P < 0.001). Total [heme] did not change during the VOT. Absolute changes in deoxy-[heme], oxy-[heme], and StO2 in response to TI and VR were significantly exaggerated (all P < 0.001) and the rates of change during TI ( slope 1) and VR ( slope 2) in deoxy-[heme], oxy-[heme], StO2, and [heme]diff were significantly increased (all P < 0.05) when constant tissue scattering was assumed. These findings demonstrate the need for caution when interpreting NIRS data without continuously measuring tissue optical properties. Further, assuming tissue optical properties remain constant may have important consequences to experimental data and clinical conclusions made using NIRS. NEW & NOTEWORTHY NIRS measurements provide significant experimental and clinical insight. We demonstrate that absolute changes in tissue oxygenation measurements made with NIRS are overestimated and the kinetic responses of NIRS measurements are exaggerated by varying degrees among individuals if tissue scattering characteristics are assumed to remain constant during vascular occlusion tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane M. Hammer
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan Kansas
| | | | | | - Lillie M. Huckaby
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan Kansas
| | | | - Kaylin D. Didier
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan Kansas
| | - Thomas J. Barstow
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan Kansas
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Shortened Recovery Period Between Firefighting Work Bouts Increases Cardiac Response Disproportionately With Metabolic Rate. J Occup Environ Med 2019; 61:e217-e225. [DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000001579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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24
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Tucker WJ, Rosenberry R, Trojacek D, Chamseddine HH, Arena-Marshall CA, Zhu Y, Wang J, Kellawan JM, Haykowsky MJ, Tian F, Nelson MD. Studies into the determinants of skeletal muscle oxygen consumption: novel insight from near-infrared diffuse correlation spectroscopy. J Physiol 2019; 597:2887-2901. [PMID: 30982990 DOI: 10.1113/jp277580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) is emerging as a powerful tool to assess skeletal muscle perfusion. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is an established technique for characterizing the transport and utilization of oxygen through the microcirculation. Here we compared a combined NIRS-DCS system with conventional measures of oxygen delivery and utilization during handgrip exercise. The data show good concurrent validity between convective oxygen delivery and DCS-derived blood flow index, as well as between oxygen extraction at the conduit and microvascular level. We then manipulated forearm arterial perfusion pressure by adjusting the position of the exercising arm relative to the position of the heart. The data show that microvascular perfusion can be uncoupled from convective oxygen delivery, and that tissue saturation seemingly compensates to maintain skeletal muscle oxygen consumption. Taken together, these data support a novel role for NIRS-DCS in understanding the determinants of muscle oxygen consumption at the microvascular level. ABSTRACT Diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) is emerging as a powerful tool to assess skeletal muscle perfusion. Combining DCS with near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) introduces exciting possibilities for understanding the determinants of muscle oxygen consumption; however, no investigation has directly compared NIRS-DCS to conventional measures of oxygen delivery and utilization in an exercising limb. To address this knowledge gap, nine healthy males performed rhythmic handgrip exercise with simultaneous measurements by NIRS-DCS, Doppler blood flow and venous oxygen content. The two approaches showed good concurrent validity, with directionally similar responses between: (a) Doppler-derived forearm blood flow and DCS-derived blood flow index (BFI), and (b) venous oxygen saturation and NIRS-derived tissue saturation. To explore the utility of combined NIRS-DCS across the physiological spectrum, we manipulated forearm arterial perfusion pressure by altering the arm position above or below the level of the heart. As expected, Doppler-derived skeletal muscle blood flow increased with exercise in both arm positions, but with markedly different magnitudes (below: +424.3 ± 41.4 ml/min, above: +306 ± 12.0 ml/min, P = 0.002). In contrast, DCS-derived microvascular BFI increased to a similar extent with exercise, regardless of arm position (P = 0.65). Importantly, however, the time to reach BFI steady state was markedly slower with the arm above the heart, supporting the experimental design. Notably, we observed faster tissue desaturation at the onset of exercise with the arm above the heart, resulting in similar muscle oxygen consumption profiles throughout exercise. Taken together, these data support a novel role for NIRS-DCS in understanding the determinants of skeletal muscle oxygen utilization non-invasively and throughout exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley J Tucker
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA.,College of Nursing, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Ryan Rosenberry
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Darian Trojacek
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Houda H Chamseddine
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | | | - Ye Zhu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Nursing, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - J Mikhail Kellawan
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Mark J Haykowsky
- College of Nursing, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Fenghua Tian
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Michael D Nelson
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
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Farzam P, Starkweather Z, Franceschini MA. Validation of a novel wearable, wireless technology to estimate oxygen levels and lactate threshold power in the exercising muscle. Physiol Rep 2019; 6:e13664. [PMID: 29611324 PMCID: PMC5880957 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a growing interest in monitoring muscle oxygen saturation (SmO2), which is a localized measure of muscle oxidative metabolism and can be acquired continuously and noninvasively using near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) methods. Most NIRS systems are cumbersome, expensive, fiber coupled devices, with use limited to lab settings. A novel, low cost, wireless, wearable has been developed for use in athletic training. In this study, we evaluate the advantages and limitations of this new simple continuous‐wave (CW) NIRS device with respect to a benchtop, frequency‐domain near‐infrared spectroscopy (FDNIRS) system. Oxygen saturation and hemoglobin/myoglobin concentration in the exercising muscles of 17 athletic individuals were measured simultaneously with the two systems, while subjects performed an incremental test on a stationary cycle ergometer. In addition, blood lactate concentration was measured at the end of each increment with a lactate analyzer. During exercise, the correlation coefficients of the SmO2 and hemoglobin/myoglobin concentrations between the two systems were over 0.70. We also found both systems were insensitive to the presence of thin layers of varying absorption, mimicking different skin colors. Neither system was able to predict the athletes’ lactate threshold power accurately by simply using SmO2 thresholds. Instead, the proprietary software of the wearable device was able to predict the athletes’ lactate threshold power within half of one power increment of the cycling test. These results indicate this novel wearable device may provide a physiological indicator of athlete's exertion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Farzam
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Zack Starkweather
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Maria A Franceschini
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Barstow TJ. Understanding near infrared spectroscopy and its application to skeletal muscle research. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2019; 126:1360-1376. [PMID: 30844336 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00166.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a powerful noninvasive tool with which to study the matching of oxygen delivery to oxygen utilization and the number of new publications utilizing this technique has increased exponentially in the last 20 yr. By measuring the state of oxygenation of the primary heme compounds in skeletal muscle (hemoglobin and myoglobin), greater understanding of the underlying control mechanisms that couple perfusive and diffusive oxygen delivery to oxidative metabolism can be gained from the laboratory to the athletic field to the intensive care unit or emergency room. However, the field of NIRS has been complicated by the diversity of instrumentation, the inherent limitations of some of these technologies, the associated diversity of terminology, and a general lack of standardization of protocols. This Cores of Reproducibility in Physiology (CORP) will describe in basic but important detail the most common methodologies of NIRS, their strengths and limitations, and discuss some of the potential confounding factors that can affect the quality and reproducibility of NIRS data. Recommendations are provided to reduce the variability and errors in data collection, analysis, and interpretation. The goal of this CORP is to provide readers with a greater understanding of the methodology, limitations, and best practices so as to improve the reproducibility of NIRS research in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Barstow
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University , Manhattan, Kansas
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Shastri L, Alkhalil M, Forbes C, El‐Wadi T, Rafferty G, Ishida K, Formenti F. Skeletal muscle oxygenation during cycling at different power output and cadence. Physiol Rep 2019; 7:e13963. [PMID: 30734533 PMCID: PMC6367161 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The selection of cadence during cycling may be determined by a number of factors, including the degree of oxygenation in the exercising skeletal muscle. The purpose of this study was to determine the degree of muscle oxygenation associated with different cycling cadences and exercise intensities, and its putative role in the choice of self-selected cadence during cycling. We recorded cardiopulmonary and metabolic responses to cycling at exercise intensities of 70% and 90% of the ventilatory threshold (Tvent ), and used near-infrared spectroscopy to determine tissue saturation index as a measure of skeletal muscle (vastus lateralis) oxygenation. Twelve participants cycled at cadences of 30, 50, 70, 90, and 110 revolutions per minute (rpm), each for 4 min, in a randomized sequence, interspersed with active recovery periods. Despite cardiopulmonary and metabolic responses being greater at 90% than at 70% Tvent , and at 110 rpm compared with lower cadences, vastus lateralis oxygenation was not different between the two exercise intensities and five cadences tested. Our results indicate that skeletal muscle tissue saturation index is not substantially affected during cycling for short periods of time at constant, moderate exercise intensity at cadences between 30 and 110 rpm, suggesting that skeletal muscle oxygenation may not be an important negative feedback signal in the choice of self-selected cadence during cycling at moderate exercise intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisha Shastri
- Centre for Human and Applied Physiological SciencesFaculty of Life Sciences and MedicineKing's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Mariana Alkhalil
- Centre for Human and Applied Physiological SciencesFaculty of Life Sciences and MedicineKing's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Claire Forbes
- Centre for Human and Applied Physiological SciencesFaculty of Life Sciences and MedicineKing's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Tina El‐Wadi
- Centre for Human and Applied Physiological SciencesFaculty of Life Sciences and MedicineKing's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Gerrard Rafferty
- Centre for Human and Applied Physiological SciencesFaculty of Life Sciences and MedicineKing's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Koji Ishida
- Research Centre of HealthPhysical Fitness and SportNagoya UniversityNagoyaJapan
| | - Federico Formenti
- Centre for Human and Applied Physiological SciencesFaculty of Life Sciences and MedicineKing's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- Nuffield Division of AnaestheticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
- Department of BiomechanicsUniversity of Nebraska at OmahaNebraska
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Dionne JF, Lajoie C, Gendron P, Freiberger E, Trudeau F. Physiological and Psychological Adaptations of Trained Cyclists to Spring Cycling Camps. J Hum Kinet 2018; 64:137-146. [PMID: 30429906 PMCID: PMC6231346 DOI: 10.1515/hukin-2017-0188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of our study was to assess physiological adaptations and measure mood outcomes following a cycling training camp in competitive athletes. Fourteen competitive athletes (8 males, 6 females) performed 2 incremental tests to exhaustion before and after a training camp. Volume and intensity (load) of the training regimen were recorded. Submaximal and maximal metabolic data were analysed, as well as economy variables (gross mechanical efficiency and cycling economy). Skeletal muscle adaptations were assessed using near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). For both genders (n = 14), peak power output, peak power output-W/kg ratio and peak power output-B[La] were significantly increased (p < 0.05) after the cycling training camp (p < 0.05). Significant increases occurred for gross mechanical efficiency measured at the lactate threshold (+4.9%) and at the same precamp lactate threshold power output (+2.9%). At the lactate threshold and Post Camp Lactate Threshold Power, cycling economy increased by 5.2 and 2.9%, respectively (p < 0.05). These power measurements were significantly correlated with individual fluctuations in deoxyhaemoglobin in the vastus lateralis for male cyclists only. Profile of Mood State questionnaire results showed that subcategories “Tension-Anxiety”, “Confusion”, “Fatigue” and “Total Global Score” significantly decreased after the training camp. Cycling training camps were associated with positive adaptations (increased cycling economy, gross mechanical efficiency and power output) as well as some mental benefits. This indicates that despite some significant physiological adaptations participants probably did not overreach during their CTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Dionne
- Department of Human Kinetics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
| | - Claude Lajoie
- Department of Human Kinetics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
| | - Philippe Gendron
- Department of Human Kinetics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
| | - Eduardo Freiberger
- Department of Human Kinetics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
| | - François Trudeau
- Department of Human Kinetics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
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Characterising skeletal muscle haemoglobin saturation during exercise using near-infrared spectroscopy in chronic kidney disease. Clin Exp Nephrol 2018; 23:32-42. [PMID: 29961156 PMCID: PMC6344386 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-018-1612-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients have reduced exercise capacity. Possible contributing factors may include impaired muscle O2 utilisation through reduced mitochondria number and/or function slowing the restoration of muscle ATP concentrations via oxidative phosphorylation. Using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), we explored changes in skeletal muscle haemoglobin/myoglobin O2 saturation (SMO2%) during exercise. Methods 24 CKD patients [58.3 (± 16.5) years, eGFR 56.4 (± 22.3) ml/min/1.73 m2] completed the incremental shuttle walk test (ISWT) as a marker of exercise capacity. Using NIRS, SMO2% was measured continuously before, during, and after (recovery) exercise. Exploratory differences were investigated between exercise capacity tertiles in CKD, and compared with six healthy controls. Results We identified two discrete phases; a decline in SMO2% during incremental exercise, followed by rapid increase upon cessation (recovery). Compared to patients with low exercise capacity [distance walked during ISWT, 269.0 (± 35.9) m], patients with a higher exercise capacity [727.1 (± 38.1) m] took 45% longer to reach their minimum SMO2% (P = .038) and recovered (half-time recovery) 79% faster (P = .046). Compared to controls, CKD patients took significantly 56% longer to recover (i.e., restore SMO2% to baseline, full recovery) (P = .014). Conclusions Using NIRS, we have determined for the first time in CKD, that favourable SMO2% kinetics (slower deoxygenation rate, quicker recovery) are associated with greater exercise capacity. These dysfunctional kinetics may indicate reduced mitochondria capacity to perform oxidative phosphorylation—a process essential for carrying out even simple activities of daily living. Accordingly, NIRS may provide a simple, low cost, and non-invasive means to evaluate muscle O2 kinetics in CKD.
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Horiuchi M, Endo J, Dobashi S, Handa Y, Kiuchi M, Koyama K. Muscle oxygenation profiles between active and inactive muscles with nitrate supplementation under hypoxic exercise. Physiol Rep 2018; 5:5/20/e13475. [PMID: 29066597 PMCID: PMC5661236 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Whether dietary nitrate supplementation improves exercise performance or not is still controversial. While redistribution of sufficient oxygen from inactive to active muscles is essential for optimal exercise performance, no study investigated the effects of nitrate supplementation on muscle oxygenation profiles between active and inactive muscles. Nine healthy males performed 25 min of submaximal (heart rate ~140 bpm; EXsub) and incremental cycling (EXmax) until exhaustion under three conditions: (A) normoxia without drink; (B) hypoxia (FiO2 = 13.95%) with placebo (PL); and (c) hypoxia with beetroot juice (BR). PL and BR were provided for 4 days. Oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin (HbO2 and HHb) were measured in vastus lateralis (active) and biceps brachii (inactive) muscles, and the oxygen saturation of skeletal muscle (StO2; HbO2/total Hb) were calculated. During EXsub, BR suppressed the HHb increases in active muscles during the last 5 min of exercise. During EXmax, time to exhaustion with BR (513 ± 24 sec) was significantly longer than with PL (490 ± 39 sec, P < 0.05). In active muscles, BR suppressed the HHb increases at moderate work rates during EXmax compared to PL (P < 0.05). In addition, BR supplementation was associated with greater reductions in HbO2 and StO2 at higher work rates in inactive muscles during EXmax. Collectively, these findings indicate that short‐term dietary nitrate supplementation improved hypoxic exercise tolerance, perhaps, due to suppressed increases in HHb in active muscles at moderate work rates. Moreover, nitrate supplementation caused greater reductions in oxygenation in inactive muscle at higher work rates during hypoxic exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Horiuchi
- Division of Human Environmental Science, Mt. Fuji Research Institute, Fuji-yoshida, Japan
| | - Junko Endo
- Division of Human Environmental Science, Mt. Fuji Research Institute, Fuji-yoshida, Japan
| | - Shohei Dobashi
- Graduate School Department of Interdisciplinary, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Japan
| | - Yoko Handa
- Division of Human Environmental Science, Mt. Fuji Research Institute, Fuji-yoshida, Japan
| | - Masataka Kiuchi
- Graduate School Department of Interdisciplinary, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Koyama
- Graduate School Department of Interdisciplinary, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Japan
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Hammer SM, Alexander AM, Didier KD, Smith JR, Caldwell JT, Sutterfield SL, Ade CJ, Barstow TJ. The noninvasive simultaneous measurement of tissue oxygenation and microvascular hemodynamics during incremental handgrip exercise. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2018; 124:604-614. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00815.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Limb blood flow increases linearly with exercise intensity; however, invasive measurements of muscle microvascular blood flow during incremental exercise have demonstrated submaximal plateaus. We tested the hypotheses that 1) brachial artery blood flow (Q̇BA) would increase with increasing exercise intensity until task failure, 2) blood flow index of the flexor digitorum superficialis (BFIFDS) measured noninvasively via diffuse correlation spectroscopy would plateau at a submaximal work rate, and 3) muscle oxygenation characteristics (total-[heme], deoxy-[heme], and percentage saturation) measured noninvasively with near-infrared spectroscopy would demonstrate a plateau at a similar work rate as BFIFDS. Sixteen subjects (23.3 ± 3.9 yr, 170.8 ± 1.9 cm, 72.8 ± 3.4 kg) participated in this study. Peak power (Ppeak) was determined for each subject (1.8 ± 0.4 W) via an incremental handgrip exercise test. Q̇BA, BFIFDS, total-[heme], deoxy-[heme], and percentage saturation were measured during each stage of the exercise test. On a subsequent testing day, muscle activation measurements of the FDS (RMSFDS) were collected during each stage of an identical incremental handgrip exercise test via electromyography from a subset of subjects ( n = 7). Q̇BA increased with exercise intensity until the final work rate transition ( P < 0.05). No increases in BFIFDS or muscle oxygenation characteristics were observed at exercise intensities greater than 51.5 ± 22.9% of Ppeak. No submaximal plateau in RMSFDS was observed. Whereas muscle activation of the FDS increased until task failure, noninvasively measured indices of perfusive and diffusive muscle microvascular oxygen delivery demonstrated submaximal plateaus. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Invasive measurements of muscle microvascular blood flow during incremental exercise have demonstrated submaximal plateaus. We demonstrate that indices of perfusive and diffusive microvascular oxygen transport to skeletal muscle, measured completely noninvasively, plateau at submaximal work rates during incremental exercise, even though limb blood flow and muscle recruitment continued to increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane M. Hammer
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | | | - Kaylin D. Didier
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Joshua R. Smith
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Jacob T. Caldwell
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | | | - Carl J. Ade
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Thomas J. Barstow
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
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Heikenfeld J, Jajack A, Rogers J, Gutruf P, Tian L, Pan T, Li R, Khine M, Kim J, Wang J, Kim J. Wearable sensors: modalities, challenges, and prospects. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:217-248. [PMID: 29182185 PMCID: PMC5771841 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc00914c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 418] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Wearable sensors have recently seen a large increase in both research and commercialization. However, success in wearable sensors has been a mix of both progress and setbacks. Most of commercial progress has been in smart adaptation of existing mechanical, electrical and optical methods of measuring the body. This adaptation has involved innovations in how to miniaturize sensing technologies, how to make them conformal and flexible, and in the development of companion software that increases the value of the measured data. However, chemical sensing modalities have experienced greater challenges in commercial adoption, especially for non-invasive chemical sensors. There have also been significant challenges in making significant fundamental improvements to existing mechanical, electrical, and optical sensing modalities, especially in improving their specificity of detection. Many of these challenges can be understood by appreciating the body's surface (skin) as more of an information barrier than as an information source. With a deeper understanding of the fundamental challenges faced for wearable sensors and of the state-of-the-art for wearable sensor technology, the roadmap becomes clearer for creating the next generation of innovations and breakthroughs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Heikenfeld
- Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, Novel Devices Laboratory, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
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McManus CJ, Collison J, Cooper CE. Performance comparison of the MOXY and PortaMon near-infrared spectroscopy muscle oximeters at rest and during exercise. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2018; 23:1-14. [PMID: 29368457 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.23.1.015007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to compare muscle oxygenation as measured by two portable, wireless near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) devices under resting and dynamic conditions. A recently developed low-cost NIRS device (MOXY) was compared against an established PortaMon system that makes use of the spatially resolved spectroscopy algorithm. The influence of increasing external pressure on tissue oxygen saturation index (TSI) indicated that both devices are stable between 2 and 20 mmHg. However, above this pressure, MOXY reports declining TSI values. Analysis of adipose tissue thickness (ATT) and TSI shows a significant, nonlinear difference between devices at rest. The devices report similar TSI (%) values at a low ATT (<7 mm) (PortaMon minus MOXY difference is +1.1±2.8%) with the major subsequent change between the devices occurring between 7 and 10 mm; at ATT values >10 mm the difference remains constant (-14.7±2.8%). The most likely explanation for this difference is the small source-detector separation (2.5 cm) in the MOXY resulting in lower tissue penetration into muscle in subjects with higher ATT. Interday test-retest reliability of resting TSI was evaluated on five separate occasions, with the PortaMon reporting a lower coefficient of variation (1.8% to 2.5% versus 5.7% to 6.2%). In studies on male subjects with low ATT, decreases in the TSI were strongly correlated during isometric exercise, arterial occlusion, and incremental arm crank exercise. However, the MOXY reports a greater dynamic range, particularly during ischemia induced by isometric contraction or occlusion (Δ74.3% versus Δ43.7%; hyperemia MAX-occlusion MIN). This study shows that in this subject group both MOXY and PortaMon produce physiologically credible TSI measures during rest and exercise. However, the absolute values obtained during exercise are generally not comparable between devices unless corrected by physiological calibration following an arterial occlusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris J McManus
- University of Essex, School of Sport, Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, Colchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jay Collison
- University of Essex, School of Sport, Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, Colchester, United Kingdom
| | - Chris E Cooper
- University of Essex, School of Sport, Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, Colchester, United Kingdom
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Louvaris Z, Habazettl H, Asimakos A, Wagner H, Zakynthinos S, Wagner PD, Vogiatzis I. Heterogeneity of blood flow and metabolism during exercise in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2017; 237:42-50. [PMID: 28057577 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2016.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The study investigated whether the capacity to regulate muscle blood flow (Q) relative to metabolic demand (VO2) is impaired in COPD. Using six NIRS optodes over the upper, middle and lower vastus lateralis in 6 patients, (FEV1:46±12%predicted) we recorded from each: a) Q by indocyanine green dye injection, b) VO2/Q ratios based on fractional tissue O2 saturation and c) VO2 as their product, during constant-load exercise (at 20%, 50% and 80% of peak capacity) in normoxia and hyperoxia (FIO2:1.0). At 50 and 80%, relative dispersion (RD) for Q, but not for VO2, was greater in normoxia (0.67±0.07 and 0.79±0.08, respectively) compared to hyperoxia (0.57±0.12 and 0.72±0.07, respectively). In both conditions, RD for VO2 and Q significantly increased throughout exercise; however, RD of VO2/Q ratio was minimal (normoxia: 0.12-0.08 vs hyperoxia: 0.13-0.09). Muscle Q and VO2 appear closely matched in COPD patients, indicating a minimal impact of heterogeneity on muscle oxygen availability at submaximal levels of exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zafeiris Louvaris
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; 1st Department of Critical Care Medicine and Pulmonary Services, Evangelismos Hospital, "M. Simou, and G.P. Livanos Laboratories", National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Faculty of Kinesiology and Rehabilitation Sciences, Division of Respiratory Rehabilitation, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences KU Leuven, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Helmut Habazettl
- Institute of Physiology, Charité Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany; Institute of Anesthesiology, Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Asimakos
- 1st Department of Critical Care Medicine and Pulmonary Services, Evangelismos Hospital, "M. Simou, and G.P. Livanos Laboratories", National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Harrieth Wagner
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Spyros Zakynthinos
- 1st Department of Critical Care Medicine and Pulmonary Services, Evangelismos Hospital, "M. Simou, and G.P. Livanos Laboratories", National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Peter D Wagner
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ioannis Vogiatzis
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; 1st Department of Critical Care Medicine and Pulmonary Services, Evangelismos Hospital, "M. Simou, and G.P. Livanos Laboratories", National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University Newcastle, UK
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Maronitis A, Kovacs K, Splittstoesser R, Marras W. The Effectiveness of Whole Body and Localized Measures of Fatigue. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/154193120004402924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Localized muscle fatigue in the back, with a resulting decrease in muscle force production, may increase risk of injury. Numerous methods have been used to assess fatigue in the back during materials handling, but many of these methods remain questionable as to what they are actually measuring. The goal of this study was to compare five different methods for measuring fatigue resulting from dynamic lifting, and to determine which methods correlate best with fatigue. Eight subjects performed sagittally symmetric lifts at a frequency of 12 lifts per minute for 60-minutes. Throughout the experiment, VO2, heart rate, local muscle oxygenation measured by Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS), and subjective feedback was recorded. The whole body measures, VO2 and heart rate, were weakly correlated with the localized measures of NIRS and spectral analysis. Few of these correlations were significant, and none showed strong relationships. The subjective measures correlated well with NIRS. The results of this study suggest current measures of fatigue may not assess the risk of fatigue to a particular muscle. It is important that more comparative studies are done to better the understanding of fatigue and what is being measured by common measures of fatigue. Additional studies should be done, particularly for the more quantitative, localized, measures such as NIRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.B. Maronitis
- The Ohio State University, Biodynamics Laboratory, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - K.M. Kovacs
- The Ohio State University, Biodynamics Laboratory, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - W.S. Marras
- The Ohio State University, Biodynamics Laboratory, Columbus, OH, USA
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Yamaki T, Hasegawa Y, Osada A, Konoeda H, Hamahata A, Ochi M, Nozaki M, Sakurai H. Time taken to the maximum increase in the oxygenated hemoglobin level in calf muscle as a predictor of mild and moderate post-thrombotic syndrome. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord 2016; 4:446-54. [PMID: 27638999 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvsv.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) allows continuous noninvasive monitoring of changes in the tissue levels of oxygenated hemoglobin (O2Hb) and deoxygenated hemoglobin (HHb) and can identify the severity of chronic venous diseases. Here we investigated the predictors of post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) using NIRS in patients with a first episode of deep venous thrombosis (DVT). METHODS The study enrolled 129 patients with DVT. Risk factors in each patient were assessed at presentation. Venous abnormalities confirmed by ultrasound and parameters derived from NIRS were evaluated at 6 months after DVT. On standing, increases in O2Hb and HHb (ΔO2Hbst and ΔHHbst) and the times taken for each concentration to become maximal (TO2Hbst, and THHbst) were measured. During 10 tiptoe movements, O2Hb showed a continuous decrease (ΔO2Hbex), whereas venous expulsion (ΔHHbEex) and subsequent retention (ΔHHbRex) were observed. The oxygenation index (HbD; HbD = O2Hb - HHb) was also calculated at the end of standing and at the end of 10 tiptoe movements (ΔHbDst and ΔHbDex). Final clinical manifestations were evaluated at 6 years, and PTS was considered to be present if the Villalta score was ≥5. RESULTS Thirteen patients were excluded and 116 patients were finally included. Of these, 19 (16%) developed PTS. Among various NIRS-derived parameters, TO2Hbst had the highest area under the curve (0.88; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.80-0.93; P < .01) with the best cutoff value (TO2Hbst ≤48 seconds). On univariate analysis, variables associated with greater risk for development of PTS were stroke (odds ratio [OR], 5.59; 95% CI, 0.74-42.41; P = .06), idiopathic DVT (OR, 4.13; 95% CI, 1.36-12.55; P < .01) and iliofemoral DVT (OR, 4.31; 95% CI, 1.48-12.60; P < .01) at initial presentation, venous occlusion combined with reflux (OR, 4.24; 95% CI, 1.50-12.00; P < .01), and NIRS-derived TO2Hbst ≤48 seconds (OR, 43.03; 95% CI, 9.04-204.81; P < .01) at 6 months. Multivariate logistic regression analysis finally revealed venous occlusion combined with reflux (OR, 4.80; 95% CI, 1.03-22.36; P < .05) and NIRS-derived TO2Hbst ≤48 seconds (OR, 53.73; 95% CI, 8.43-342.41; P < .01) to be independently associated with PTS progression. CONCLUSIONS NIRS-derived TO2Hbst ≤48 seconds is a promising time-course predictor of PTS progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Yamaki
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yuki Hasegawa
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsuyoshi Osada
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisato Konoeda
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsumori Hamahata
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Saitama Cancer Center, Kitaadachigun, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masakazu Ochi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Tama Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motohiro Nozaki
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sakurai
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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Boone J, Vandekerckhove K, Coomans I, Prieur F, Bourgois JG. An integrated view on the oxygenation responses to incremental exercise at the brain, the locomotor and respiratory muscles. Eur J Appl Physiol 2016; 116:2085-2102. [PMID: 27613650 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-016-3468-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In the past two decades oxygenation responses to incremental ramp exercise, measured non-invasively by means of near-infrared spectroscopy at different locations in the body, have advanced the insights on the underpinning mechanisms of the whole-body pulmonary oxygen uptake ([Formula: see text]) response. In healthy subjects the complex oxygenation responses at the level of locomotor and respiratory muscles, and brain were simplified and quantified by the detection of breakpoints as a deviation in the ongoing response pattern as work rate increases. These breakpoints were located in a narrow intensity range between 75 and 90 % of the maximal [Formula: see text] and were closely related to traditionally determined thresholds in pulmonary gas exchange (respiratory compensation point), blood lactate measurements (maximal lactate steady state), and critical power. Therefore, it has been assumed that these breakpoints in the oxygenation patterns at different sites in the body might be equivalent and could, therefore, be used interchangeably. In the present review the typical oxygenation responses (at locomotor and respiratory muscle level, and cerebral level) are described and a possible framework is provided showing the physiological events that might link the breakpoints at different body sites with the thresholds determined from pulmonary gas exchange and blood lactate measurements. However, despite a possible physiological association, several arguments prevent the current practical application of these breakpoints measured at a single site as markers of exercise intensity making it highly questionable whether measurements of the oxygenation response at one single site can be used as a reflection of whole-body responses to different exercise intensities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Boone
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
- Center of Sports Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
| | | | - Ilse Coomans
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Fabrice Prieur
- CIAMS, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, 91405, Orsay Cedex, France
- CIAMS Université d'Orléans, 45067, Orléans, France
| | - Jan G Bourgois
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Center of Sports Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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Patients with myogenic temporomandibular disorders have reduced oxygen extraction in the masseter muscle. Clin Oral Investig 2016; 21:1509-1518. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-016-1912-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Sprick JD, Soller BR, Rickards CA. The efficacy of novel anatomical sites for the assessment of muscle oxygenation during central hypovolemia. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 241:2007-2013. [PMID: 27439541 DOI: 10.1177/1535370216660213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle tissue oxygenation (SmO2) can track central blood volume loss associated with hemorrhage. Traditional peripheral measurement sites (e.g., forearm) may not be practical due to excessive movement or injury (e.g., amputation). The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of three novel anatomical sites for the assessment of SmO2 under progressive central hypovolemia. 10 male volunteers were exposed to stepwise prone lower body negative pressure to decrease central blood volume, while SmO2 was assessed at four sites-the traditional site of the flexor carpi ulnaris (ARM), and three novel sites not previously investigated during lower body negative pressure, the deltoid, latissimus dorsi, and trapezius. SmO2 at the novel sites was compared to the ARM sensor and to stroke volume responses. A reduction in SmO2 was detected by the ARM sensor at the first level of lower body negative pressure (-15 mmHg; P = 0.007), and at -30 (the deltoid), -45 (latissimus dorsi), and -60 mmHg lower body negative pressure (trapezius) at the novel sites (P ≤ 0.04). SmO2 responses at all novel sites were correlated with responses at the ARM (R ≥ 0.89), and tracked the reduction in stroke volume (R ≥ 0.87); the latissimus dorsi site exhibited the strongest linear correlations (R ≥ 0.96). Of the novel sensor sites, the latissimus dorsi exhibited the strongest linear associations with SmO2 at the ARM, and with reductions in central blood volume. These findings have important implications for detection of hemorrhage in austere environments (e.g., combat) when use of a peripheral sensor may not be ideal, and may facilitate incorporation of these sensors into uniforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin D Sprick
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | | | - Caroline A Rickards
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
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Stöcker F, Von Oldershausen C, Paternoster FK, Schulz T, Oberhoffer R. Relationship of post-exercise muscle oxygenation and duration of cycling exercise. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2016; 8:9. [PMID: 27087981 PMCID: PMC4832476 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-016-0036-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aerobic adaptations following interval training are supposed to be mediated by increased local blood supply. However, knowledge is scarce on the detailed relationship between exercise duration and local post-exercise blood supply and oxygen availability. This study aimed to examine the effect of five different exercise durations, ranging from 30 to 240 s, on post-exercise muscle oxygenation and relative changes in hemoglobin concentration. METHODS Healthy male subjects (N = 18) performed an experimental protocol of five exercise bouts (30, 60, 90, 120, and 240 s) at 80 % of peak oxygen uptake [Formula: see text] in a randomized order, separated by 5-min recovery periods. To examine the influence of aerobic fitness, we compared subjects with gas exchange thresholds (GET) above 60 % [Formula: see text] (GET60+) with subjects reaching GET below 60 % [Formula: see text] (GET60-). [Formula: see text] and relative changes in concentrations of oxygenated hemoglobin, deoxygenated hemoglobin, and total hemoglobin were continuously measured with near-infrared spectroscopy of the vastus lateralis muscle. RESULTS Post-exercise oxygen availability and local blood supply increased significantly until the 90-s exercise duration and reached a plateau thereafter. Considering aerobic fitness, the GET60+ group reached maximum post-exercise oxygen availability earlier (60 s) than the GET60- group (90 s). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that (1) 90 s has evolved as the minimum interval duration to enhance local oxygen availability and blood supply following cycling exercise at 80 % [Formula: see text]; whereas (2) 60 s is sufficient to trigger the same effects in subjects with GET60 + .
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Stöcker
- Center for Teaching and Learning, Technische Universität München, Connollystraße 32, 80809 München, Germany
| | - Christoph Von Oldershausen
- Center for Teaching and Learning, Technische Universität München, Connollystraße 32, 80809 München, Germany
| | | | - Thorsten Schulz
- Department for Preventive Pediatrics, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Renate Oberhoffer
- Department for Preventive Pediatrics, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
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De Ruiter CJ, Hamacher P, Wolfs BGA. A Short Submaximal Test to Determine the Fatigue Threshold of Knee Extensors in Young Men. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2015; 48:913-9. [PMID: 26656774 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000000832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Recently, a fatigue threshold obtained during submaximal repetitive isometric knee extensor contractions was related to V˙O2max measured during cycling and to exercise endurance. However, test duration is quite long (20-30 min in young people) to be of practical and possibly clinical use. The purpose of the present study was to test the day-to-day reliability of a newly developed short test that assessed the fatigue threshold during a submaximal test with the knee extensors. METHODS Fifteen healthy young males were tested three times, once using the original long protocol (5-min blocks of repetitive unilateral isometric knee extensor contractions with stepwise (5% MVC) increases of force) and twice using a new shorter protocol. In the latter, force increased by 2% MVC every 30 s, starting at 15% MVC (all contractions were 3 s on, 2 s off). The fatigue threshold was defined as the force where the EMG/force ratio started to increase and, compared with the force, at which deoxygenated hemoglobin concentration ([HHb]) increased steeply (HHb threshold). RESULTS The EMG/force threshold during the short trials was reached after 3.9 ± 1.5 min of submaximal exercise and similar (P > 0.05) between days. The EMG/force threshold showed good reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.87, SEM = 2.2%) and did not differ between (P > 0.05) the short (31.1% ± 7.6% MVC) and long tests (30.5% ± 6.2% MVC), with a significant relation (r = 0.71) between both tests. Similar results (P > 0.05) were found for the HHb threshold. CONCLUSION In young healthy men, a fatigue threshold can be detected during repetitive isometric knee extensor contractions using a short submaximal test, which may be suitable for untrained or frail people and patients.
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Kitada T, Machida S, Naito H. Influence of muscle fibre composition on muscle oxygenation during maximal running. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2015; 1:e000062. [PMID: 27900139 PMCID: PMC5117045 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2015-000062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims To investigate the relationship between muscle oxygenation (specifically, the levels of oxygenated haemoglobin and myoglobin [oxyHb/Mb]) during maximal running and muscle fibre composition, and to determine whether muscle fibre composition can be non-invasively estimated from oxyHb/Mb levels during maximal running. Methods Eight male runners (, 60.9±
4.6 mL·kg−1·min−1) performed an incremental running test on a treadmill. OxyHb/Mb levels of the vastus lateralis during maximal running were measured by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Muscle fibre composition of the vastus lateralis was determined from muscle biopsy samples from the same region measured by NIRS, and the fibre types were classified as type I, type IIa, or type IIb fibres using traditional pH-sensitive ATPase staining. Type I and type IIa fibres together were defined as oxidative fibres. Results OxyHb/Mb levels during running were lowest at exhaustion in all participants. OxyHb/Mb levels at exhaustion were positively correlated with the percentages of type I fibres (r=0.755, p<0.05) and oxidative fibres (r=0.944, p<0.01). Conclusions We conclude that higher oxyHb/Mb levels at exhaustion during maximal running are correlated with a higher percentage of oxidative fibres, indicating the potential importance of oxidative fibres in the maintenance of oxyHb/Mb levels during maximal running. Additionally, muscle fibre composition could be non-invasively estimated from oxyHb/Mb levels during maximal running tests in runners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoharu Kitada
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science , Juntendo University , Inzai-shi, Chiba , Japan
| | - Shuichi Machida
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science , Juntendo University , Inzai-shi, Chiba , Japan
| | - Hisashi Naito
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science , Juntendo University , Inzai-shi, Chiba , Japan
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Measurement of calf muscle oxygenation during light-intensity exercise in patients with post-thrombotic syndrome. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord 2014; 2:424-32. [PMID: 26993549 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvsv.2014.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) provides continuous noninvasive monitoring of changes in the levels of oxygenated hemoglobin (O2Hb) and deoxygenated hemoglobin (HHb) in tissues. The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in calf muscle O2Hb and HHb levels during standing and exercise in the follow-up of deep venous thrombosis (DVT). METHODS Forty-three patients with a first episode of unilateral proximal DVT were included. Final clinical manifestations were evaluated at a mean follow-up point of 53 months after diagnosis of DVT, and post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) was considered to be present if the Villalta score was >5. Moreover, to assess the severity of PTS, the revised Venous Clinical Severity Score (VCSS) was employed. NIRS was used to measure changes in the levels of O2Hb and HHb in calf muscle. On standing, increases in O2Hb and HHb were calculated by subtracting the baseline value from the maximum value (ΔO2Hbst and ΔHHbst). The times taken for the O2Hb and HHb concentrations to become maximal (TO2Hbst, and THHbst) were also measured. During 10 tiptoe movements, the relative change in O2Hb was calculated by subtracting the value measured at the end of exercise from the value measured at the beginning of exercise (ΔO2Hbex). On the other hand, 10 tiptoe movements produced venous expulsion (ΔHHbEex) and a subsequent retention (ΔHHbRex). The oxygenation index (HbD; HbD = O2Hb - HHb) was also calculated at the end of standing and at the end of 10 tiptoe movements (ΔHbDst and ΔHbDex). RESULTS Among the 43 limbs evaluated, 21 had PTS. On standing, the ΔHbDst was significantly decreased in patients with PTS relative to the patients without PTS (12 ± 8, 22 ± 11 μmol/L; P = .001). The TO2Hbst was also significantly reduced in patients with PTS relative to those without (43 ± 41, 107 ± 58 seconds; P = .001). During 10 tiptoe movements, the ΔHHbEex was significantly reduced in patients with PTS relative to those without (-2 ± 1, -3 ± 3 μmol/L; P = .016). Similarly, the ΔHHbRex was significantly increased in patients with PTS relative to those without (8 ± 7, 3 ± 2 μmol/L; P = .001). Furthermore, falls in ΔHbDex were more pronounced in patients with PTS (-10 ± 16, 10 ± 10 μmol/L; P < .001). NIRS-derived TO2Hbst (r = -0.568; P < .001) and ΔHbDex (r = -0.645; P < .001) showed strong inverse correlations with VCSS. Similarly, NIRS-derived ΔHHbEex (r = 0.409; P < .01) and ΔHHbRex (r = 0.476; P < .01) showed moderate positive correlations and ΔHbDst (r = -0.422; P < .01) had a moderate inverse correlation with VCSS. CONCLUSIONS Changes in O2Hb and HHb concentrations differ between patients with and without PTS. The reduced TO2Hbst may indicate impairment of the venoarteriolar reflex in patients who have PTS. Furthermore, severe falls in HbD in patients with PTS might reflect the pain of venous claudication. These findings may have implications for investigations of the microcirculation in the context of post-thrombotic sequelae.
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Nagasawa T. Slower recovery rate of muscle oxygenation after sprint exercise in long-distance runners compared with that in sprinters and healthy controls. J Strength Cond Res 2014; 27:3360-6. [PMID: 23604001 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0b013e3182908fcc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine whether differences in aerobic capacity and training status influence muscle reoxygenation after sprint exercise. We hypothesized that the muscle reoxygenation rate after sprint exercise is slower in long-distance runners with a high aerobic capacity. Five male long-distance runners, 5 male sprinters, and 6 healthy male controls performed a 30-second sprint exercise on a cycle ergometer. Oxygen saturation in muscle tissue (StO2) in the vastus lateralis muscles was measured by near-infrared spectroscopy. The muscle reoxygenation rate after the exercise was evaluated at half the time required for StO2 recovery (T1/2 StO2). Aerobic capacity was evaluated by measuring maximal oxygen consumption (V[Combining Dot Above]O2max). The T1/2 StO2 in the long-distance runners (25.0 ± 4.5 seconds) was significantly longer than that in the controls (15.9 ± 1.6 seconds; p < 0.01) and in the sprinters (18.0 ± 4.6 seconds; p < 0.05). In all the subjects (long-distance runners, sprinters, and controls), the T1/2 StO2 had a significant positive correlation with the V[Combining Dot Above]O2max (r = 0.75; p < 0.01) and was longer in subjects with a higher V[Combining Dot Above]O2max. These results suggest that reoxygenation after sprint exercise is influenced by aerobic capacity and training status, and that the subjects with a higher aerobic capacity have delayed muscle reoxygenation after sprint exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Nagasawa
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Health Science, Kio University, Japan
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Racinais S, Buchheit M, Girard O. Breakpoints in ventilation, cerebral and muscle oxygenation, and muscle activity during an incremental cycling exercise. Front Physiol 2014; 5:142. [PMID: 24782786 PMCID: PMC3990045 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to locate the breakpoints of cerebral and muscle oxygenation and muscle electrical activity during a ramp exercise in reference to the first and second ventilatory thresholds. Twenty-five cyclists completed a maximal ramp test on an electromagnetically braked cycle-ergometer with a rate of increment of 25 W/min. Expired gazes (breath-by-breath), prefrontal cortex and vastus lateralis (VL) oxygenation [Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)] together with electromyographic (EMG) Root Mean Square (RMS) activity for the VL, rectus femoris (RF), and biceps femoris (BF) muscles were continuously assessed. There was a non-linear increase in both cerebral deoxyhemoglobin (at 56 ± 13% of the exercise) and oxyhemoglobin (56 ± 8% of exercise) concomitantly to the first ventilatory threshold (57 ± 6% of exercise, p > 0.86, Cohen's d < 0.1). Cerebral deoxyhemoglobin further increased (87 ± 10% of exercise) while oxyhemoglobin reached a plateau/decreased (86 ± 8% of exercise) after the second ventilatory threshold (81 ± 6% of exercise, p < 0.05, d > 0.8). We identified one threshold only for muscle parameters with a non-linear decrease in muscle oxyhemoglobin (78 ± 9% of exercise), attenuation in muscle deoxyhemoglobin (80 ± 8% of exercise), and increase in EMG activity of VL (89 ± 5% of exercise), RF (82 ± 14% of exercise), and BF (85 ± 9% of exercise). The thresholds in BF and VL EMG activity occurred after the second ventilatory threshold (p < 0.05, d > 0.6). Our results suggest that the metabolic and ventilatory events characterizing this latter cardiopulmonary threshold may affect both cerebral and muscle oxygenation levels, and in turn, muscle recruitment responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastien Racinais
- Research and Education Centre, Aspetar, Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital Doha, Qatar
| | - Martin Buchheit
- Sport Science Department, Myorobie Association Montvalezan, France
| | - Olivier Girard
- Research and Education Centre, Aspetar, Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital Doha, Qatar ; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne Lausanne, Switzerland
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Zorgati H, Collomp K, Amiot V, Prieur F. Effect of pedal cadence on the heterogeneity of muscle deoxygenation during moderate exercise. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2013; 38:1206-10. [PMID: 24195620 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2012-0504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the effect of pedal cadence on the heterogeneity of muscle deoxygenation during exercise of moderate intensity. Twelve healthy subjects performed 6 min of cycling at 40 and 100 r · min(-1) at 80% of the workload corresponding to the gas exchange threshold. Gas exchanges were measured breath by breath during each exercise. Muscle deoxygenation (HHb, i.e., O2 extraction) was monitored continuously by near-infrared spectroscopy at eight sites on the vastus lateralis. The heterogeneity of HHb was assessed using the relative dispersion of the signal measured at the eight sites (i.e., 100 × standard deviation/mean). HHb was not altered by the pedal cadence, whereas pulmonary V̇O2 was higher at 100 r · min(-1) than at 40 r · min(-1) (p < 0.001). The relative dispersion of HHb was significantly higher at 100 r · min(-1) than at 40 r · min(-1) (p < 0.001). These results indicate that pedal cadence has no effect on O2 extraction but that an elevated cadence would increase muscle V̇O2, suggesting an increase in muscle blood flow. Elevated cadence also induced greater heterogeneity of the muscle's V̇O2/Q̇O2 delivery ratio, suggesting a change in the adequacy between O2 demand and O2 delivery in some regions of active muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houssem Zorgati
- Laboratoire CIAMS, Equipe RIME, EA 4532, Université Paris Sud-Université d'Orléans, 45062 Orleans Cedex 2, France.
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Horikoshi E, Ishikawa H, Yoshida T, Tamaoki S, Kajii TS. Oxygen saturation and electromyographic changes in masseter muscle during experimental chewing of gum with harder texture. Acta Odontol Scand 2013; 71:1378-85. [PMID: 23374088 DOI: 10.3109/00016357.2013.764006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to clarify the relationship between changes in masseter muscle oxygenation measured by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and changes in the electromyographic (EMG) power spectrum during experimental chewing of gum with harder texture, to improve the understanding of the use of NIRS in assessing masseter muscle fatigue. MATERIAL AND METHODS Ten female volunteers with normal occlusion were examined. Mean age (standard deviation) was 28.4 (3.8) years. Mean fracture stress of gum was 12.5 × 10(4) N/m(2). Subjects were instructed to chew gum for 60 s (75 strokes) on the voluntary chewing side at a pace of 1.25 strokes/s. Simultaneous recordings of NIRS and EMG signals from masseter muscle were performed during gum chewing. RESULTS Oxygen saturation levels decreased from the start of chewing, then stabilized with a break point between the two phases. The normalized EMG amplitude increased and the mean frequency of the EMG power spectrum decreased during gum chewing. The timing of break point appearance was related to the timing of a significant decrease in median frequency, but no clear relationships were found between break point appearance and increased EMG amplitude. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the break point of the oxygen saturation curve, as obtained from NIRS measurements, could be used as an indicator of masseter muscle fatigue as assessed by a shift in the EMG power spectrum to lower frequencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiko Horikoshi
- Section of Orthodontics, Department of Oral Growth & Development, Division of Clinical Dentistry, Fukuoka Dental College , Fukuoka , Japan
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Ceusters JD, Mouithys-Mickalad AA, Franck TJ, Deby-Dupont GP, Derochette S, Serteyn DA. Effect of different kinds of anoxia/reoxygenation on the mitochondrial function and the free radicals production of cultured primary equine skeletal myoblasts. Res Vet Sci 2013; 95:870-8. [PMID: 24099743 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2013.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Revised: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 09/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Horses are outstanding athletes, performing in many different disciplines involving different kinds of efforts and metabolic responses. Depending on exercise intensity, their skeletal muscle oxygenation decreases, and the reperfusion at cessation of the exercise can cause excessive production of free radicals. This study on cultured primary equine myoblasts investigated the effect of different kinds of anoxia/reoxygenation (A/R) on routine respiration, mitochondrial complex I specific activity and free radicals production. Our data revealed that short cycles of A/R caused a decrease of all the parameters, opposite to what a single long period of anoxia did. A preconditioning-like effect could explain our first pattern of results whereas mild uncoupling could be more appropriate for the second one. Anyway, it seems that mitochondrial complex I could play a major role in the regulation of the balance between metabolic and antioxidant protection of the muscular function of athletic horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine D Ceusters
- Center for Oxygen Research and Development, Institute of Chemistry B6a, University of Liège, Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
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Ceusters JD, Mouithys-Mickalad AA, Franck TJ, Derochette S, Vanderplasschen A, Deby-Dupont GP, Serteyn DA. Effect of myeloperoxidase and anoxia/reoxygenation on mitochondrial respiratory function of cultured primary equine skeletal myoblasts. Mitochondrion 2013; 13:410-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2012.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Revised: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Peltonen JE, Hägglund H, Koskela-Koivisto T, Koponen AS, Aho JM, Rissanen APE, Shoemaker JK, Tiitinen A, Tikkanen HO. Alveolar gas exchange, oxygen delivery and tissue deoxygenation in men and women during incremental exercise. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2013; 188:102-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2013.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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