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Barnatan Y, Tomsic D, Cámera A, Sztarker J. Matched function of the neuropil processing optic flow in flies and crabs: the lobula plate mediates optomotor responses in Neohelice granulata. Proc Biol Sci 2022; 289:20220812. [PMID: 35975436 PMCID: PMC9382210 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.0812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
When an animal rotates (whether it is an arthropod, a fish, a bird or a human) a drift of the visual panorama occurs over its retina, termed optic flow. The image is stabilized by compensatory behaviours (driven by the movement of the eyes, head or the whole body depending on the animal) collectively termed optomotor responses. The dipteran lobula plate has been consistently linked with optic flow processing and the control of optomotor responses. Crabs have a neuropil similarly located and interconnected in the optic lobes, therefore referred to as a lobula plate too. Here we show that the crabs' lobula plate is required for normal optomotor responses since the response was lost or severely impaired in animals whose lobula plate had been lesioned. The effect was behaviour-specific, since avoidance responses to approaching visual stimuli were not affected. Crabs require simpler optic flow processing than flies (because they move slower and in two-dimensional instead of three-dimensional space), consequently their lobula plates are relatively smaller. Nonetheless, they perform the same essential role in the visual control of behaviour. Our findings add a fundamental piece to the current debate on the evolutionary relationship between the lobula plates of insects and crustaceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yair Barnatan
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE) CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón II, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel Tomsic
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE) CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón II, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular Dr. Héctor Maldonado, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón II, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro Cámera
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE) CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón II, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julieta Sztarker
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE) CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón II, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular Dr. Héctor Maldonado, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón II, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Barnatan Y, Tomsic D, Sztarker J. Unidirectional Optomotor Responses and Eye Dominance in Two Species of Crabs. Front Physiol 2019; 10:586. [PMID: 31156462 PMCID: PMC6532708 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Animals, from invertebrates to humans, stabilize the panoramic optic flow through compensatory movements of the eyes, the head or the whole body, a behavior known as optomotor response (OR). The same optic flow moved clockwise or anticlockwise elicits equivalent compensatory right or left turning movements, respectively. However, if stimulated monocularly, many animals show a unique effective direction of motion, i.e., a unidirectional OR. This phenomenon has been reported in various species from mammals to birds, reptiles, and amphibious, but among invertebrates, it has only been tested in flies, where the directional sensitivity is opposite to that found in vertebrates. Although OR has been extensively investigated in crabs, directional sensitivity has never been analyzed. Here, we present results of behavioral experiments aimed at exploring the directional sensitivity of the OR in two crab species belonging to different families: the varunid mud crab Neohelice granulata and the ocypode fiddler crab Uca uruguayensis. By using different conditions of visual perception (binocular, left or right monocular) and direction of flow field motion (clockwise, anticlockwise), we found in both species that in monocular conditions, OR is effectively displayed only with progressive (front-to-back) motion stimulation. Binocularly elicited responses were directional insensitive and significantly weaker than monocular responses. These results are coincident with those described in flies and suggest a commonality in the circuit underlying this behavior among arthropods. Additionally, we found the existence of a remarkable eye dominance for the OR, which is associated to the size of the larger claw. This is more evident in the fiddler crab where the difference between the two claws is huge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yair Barnatan
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE) CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel Tomsic
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE) CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular Dr. Héctor Maldonado, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julieta Sztarker
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE) CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular Dr. Héctor Maldonado, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Bengochea M, Berón de Astrada M, Tomsic D, Sztarker J. A crustacean lobula plate: Morphology, connections, and retinotopic organization. J Comp Neurol 2017; 526:109-119. [PMID: 28884472 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The lobula plate is part of the lobula complex, the third optic neuropil, in the optic lobes of insects. It has been extensively studied in dipterous insects, where its role in processing flow-field motion information used for controlling optomotor responses was discovered early. Recently, a lobula plate was also found in malacostracan crustaceans. Here, we provide the first detailed description of the neuroarchitecture, the input and output connections and the retinotopic organization of the lobula plate in a crustacean, the crab Neohelice granulata using a variety of histological methods that include silver reduced staining and mass staining with dextran-conjugated dyes. The lobula plate of this crab is a small elongated neuropil. It receives separated retinotopic inputs from columnar neurons of the medulla and the lobula. In the anteroposterior plane, the neuropil possesses four layers defined by the arborizations of such columnar inputs. Medulla projecting neurons arborize mainly in two of these layers, one on each side, while input neurons arriving from the lobula branch only in one. The neuropil contains at least two classes of tangential elements, one connecting with the lateral protocerebrum and the other that exits the optic lobes toward the supraesophageal ganglion. The number of layers in the crab's lobula plate, the retinotopic connections received from the medulla and from the lobula, and the presence of large tangential neurons exiting the neuropil, reflect the general structure of the insect lobula plate and, hence, provide support to the notion of an evolutionary conserved function for this neuropil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Bengochea
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular. CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martín Berón de Astrada
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular. CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel Tomsic
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular. CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julieta Sztarker
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular. CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Marshall NJ, Land MF, Cronin TW. Shrimps that pay attention: saccadic eye movements in stomatopod crustaceans. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2014; 369:20130042. [PMID: 24395969 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2013.0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Discovering that a shrimp can flick its eyes over to a fish and follow up by tracking it or flicking back to observe something else implies a 'primate-like' awareness of the immediate environment that we do not normally associate with crustaceans. For several reasons, stomatopods (mantis shrimp) do not fit the general mould of their subphylum, and here we add saccadic, acquisitional eye movements to their repertoire of unusual visual capabilities. Optically, their apposition compound eyes contain an area of heightened acuity, in some ways similar to the fovea of vertebrate eyes. Using rapid eye movements of up to several hundred degrees per second, objects of interest are placed under the scrutiny of this area. While other arthropod species, including insects and spiders, are known to possess and use acute zones in similar saccadic gaze relocations, stomatopods are the only crustacean known with such abilities. Differences among species exist, generally reflecting both the eye size and lifestyle of the animal, with the larger-eyed more sedentary species producing slower saccades than the smaller-eyed, more active species. Possessing the ability to rapidly look at and assess objects is ecologically important for mantis shrimps, as their lifestyle is, by any standards, fast, furious and deadly.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Marshall
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, , Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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Glantz RM, Schroeter JP. Polarization contrast and motion detection. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2006; 192:905-14. [PMID: 16830137 DOI: 10.1007/s00359-006-0127-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2006] [Revised: 03/23/2006] [Accepted: 03/31/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Form and motion perception rely upon the visual system's capacity to segment the visual scene based upon local differences in luminance or wavelength. It is not clear if polarization contrast is a sufficient basis for motion detection. Here we show that crayfish optomotor responses elicited by the motion of images derived from spatiotemporal variations in e-vector angles are comparable to contrast-elicited responses. Response magnitude increases with the difference in e-vector angles in adjacent segments of the scene and with the degree of polarization but the response is relatively insensitive to the absolute values of e-vector angles that compose the stimulus. The results indicate that polarization contrast can support visual motion detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymon M Glantz
- Dept. Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Rice University, 6100 Main St., PO Box 1892, Houston, TX 77251, USA.
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Kern R, Nalbach HO, Varjú D. Interactions of local movement detectors enhance the detection of rotation. Optokinetic experiments with the rock crab, Pachygrapsus marmoratus. Vis Neurosci 1993; 10:643-52. [PMID: 8338801 DOI: 10.1017/s0952523800005344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Walking crabs move their eyes to compensate for retinal image motion only during rotation and not during translation, even when both components are superimposed. We tested in the rock crab, Pachygrapsus marmoratus, whether this ability to decompose optic flow may arise from topographical interactions of local movement detectors. We recorded the optokinetic eye movements of the rock crab in a sinusoidally oscillating drum which carried two 10-deg wide black vertical stripes. Their azimuthal separation varied from 20 to 180 deg, and each two-stripe configuration was presented at different azimuthal positions around the crab. In general, the responses are the stronger the more widely the stripes are separated. Furthermore, the response amplitude depends also strongly on the azimuthal positions of the stripes. We propose a model with excitatory interactions between pairs of movement detectors that quantitatively accounts for the enhanced optokinetic responses to widely separated textured patches in the visual field that move in phase. The interactions take place both within one eye and, predominantly, between both eyes. We conclude that these interactions aid in the detection of rotation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kern
- Lehrstuhl für Biokybernetik, Universität Tübingen, Germany
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Erber J, Sandeman DC. The effect of serotonin and octopamine on the optokinetic response of the crab Leptograpsus variegatus. JOURNAL OF NEUROBIOLOGY 1989; 20:667-80. [PMID: 2511271 DOI: 10.1002/neu.480200802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A standard optokinetic response of the ipsilateral and contralateral (driven) eyes of the crab Leptograpsus variegatus to a sinusoidally oscillating striped drum was established. Optokinetic responses were then measured of animals that had been treated by introducing serotonin and octopamine into the blood stream via the heart and also into the neural tissue of the optic lobes via a micropipette. Both serotonin and octopamine enhance the optokinetic effect when applied in low doses. Experiments show that serotonin is most likely acting closer to the sensory input in the optokinetic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Erber
- School of Biological Science, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Australia
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Copp NH, Watson D. Visual control of turning responses to tactile stimuli in the crayfishProcambarus clarkii. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 1988. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00612427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Olberg RM. Pheromone-triggered flip-flopping interneurons in the ventral nerve cord of the silkworm moth,Bombyx mori. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 1983. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00606236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Statocyst interneurons in the crayfishProcambarus clarkii girard. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 1982. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00619144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Spatial Vision in Arthropods. COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION OF VISION IN INVERTEBRATES 1981. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-67868-4_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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12
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Foveal fixation and tracking in the praying mantis. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 1980. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00610462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Lindauer M. Orientierung der Tiere in Raum und Zeit. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 1979. [DOI: 10.1007/bfb0036115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Kien J. Comparison of sensory input with motor output in the locust optomotor system. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 1977. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00611987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Fraser PJ. Directionality of a one way movement detector in the crayfishCherax destructor. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 1977. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00611822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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The anatomy and motor nerve distribution of the eye muscles in the crayfish. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 1977. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00613014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Integration between statocyst sensory neurons and oculomotor neurons in the crabScylla serrata. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 1976. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00625440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Integration between statocyst sensory neurons and oculomotor neurons in the crabScylla serrata. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 1976. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00625441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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