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Amorim K, Piontkivska H, Zettler ML, Sokolov E, Hinzke T, Nair AM, Sokolova IM. Transcriptional response of key metabolic and stress response genes of a nuculanid bivalve, Lembulus bicuspidatus from an oxygen minimum zone exposed to hypoxia-reoxygenation. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 256:110617. [PMID: 34004351 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2021.110617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Benthic animals inhabiting the edges of marine oxygen minimum zones (OMZ) are exposed to unpredictable large fluctuations of oxygen levels. Sessile organisms including bivalves must depend on physiological adaptations to withstand these conditions. However, as habitats are rather inaccessible, physiological adaptations of the OMZ margin inhabitants to oxygen fluctuations are not well understood. We therefore investigated the transcriptional responses of selected key genes involved in energy metabolism and stress protection in a dominant benthic species of the northern edge of the Namibian OMZ, the nuculanid clam Lembulus bicuspidatus,. We exposed clams to normoxia (~5.8 ml O2 l-1), severe hypoxia (36 h at ~0.01 ml O2 l-1) and post-hypoxic recovery (24 h of normoxia following 36 h of severe hypoxia). Using newly identified gene sequences, we determined the transcriptional responses to hypoxia and reoxygenation of the mitochondrial aerobic energy metabolism (pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 complex, cytochrome c oxidase, citrate synthase, and adenine nucleotide translocator), anaerobic glycolysis (hexokinase (HK), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), phosphofructokinase, and aldolase), mitochondrial antioxidants (glutaredoxin, peroxiredoxin, and uncoupling protein UCP2) and stress protection mechanisms (a molecular chaperone HSP70 and a mitochondrial quality control protein MIEAP) in the gills and the labial palps of L. bicuspidatus. Exposure to severe hypoxia transcriptionally stimulated anaerobic glycolysis (including HK and PEPCK), antioxidant protection (UCP2), and quality control mechanisms (HSP70 and MIEAP) in the gills of L. bicuspidatus. Unlike UCP2, mRNA levels of the thiol-dependent mitochondrial antioxidants were not affected by hypoxia-reoxygenation stress. Transcript levels of marker genes for aerobic energy metabolism were not responsive to oxygen fluctuations in L. bicuspidatus. Our findings highlight the probable importance of anaerobic succinate production (via PEPCK) and mitochondrial and proteome quality control mechanisms in responses to oxygen fluctuations of the OMZ bivalve L.bicuspidatus. The reaction of L.bicuspidatus to oxygen fluctuations implies parallels to that of other hypoxia-tolerant bivalves, such as intertidal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Amorim
- Department of Biological Oceanography, Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde, Rostock, Germany
| | - Helen Piontkivska
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA; Brain Health Research Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Michael L Zettler
- Department of Biological Oceanography, Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde, Rostock, Germany
| | - Eugene Sokolov
- Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research, Leibniz ScienceCampus Phosphorus Research Rostock, Warnemünde, Germany
| | - Tjorven Hinzke
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology e.V., 17489 Greifswald, Germany; Department of Microbial Physiology and Molecular Biology, Institute of Microbiology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Inna M Sokolova
- Department of Marine Biology, Institute for Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany; Department of Maritime Systems, Interdisciplinary Faculty, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany.
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Abstract
The existence and the regulatory mechanisms of the Pasteur effect in facultative anaerobic metazoa are discussed. There are three reasons for the controversy surrounding this phenomenon. 1) The different definitions of the Pasteur effect, 2) the antagonistic effect of metabolic depression and its species specific response to hypoxia, as well as 3) the laboratory-specific differences in the experimental procedures for analyzing the Pasteur effect and its regulation. This review aims to clarify the confusion about the existence of the Pasteur effect in facultative anaerobic metazoa and to offer possible molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Schmidt
- Institut für Tierphysiologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
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Effect of anaerobiosis and anhydrobiosis on the extent of glycolytic enzyme binding in Artermia embryos. J Comp Physiol B 1994. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00346447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Grieshaber MK, Hardewig I, Kreutzer U, Pörtner HO. Physiological and metabolic responses to hypoxia in invertebrates. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 1993; 125:43-147. [PMID: 7984874 DOI: 10.1007/bfb0030909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M K Grieshaber
- Institut für Zoologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Lazou A. Regulation of phosphofructokinase in the foot muscle ofPatella caerulea (L.) during exposure to air. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1002/jez.1402590209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Michaelidis B, B. Storey K. Phosphofructokinase from the anterior byssus retractor muscle of Mytilvs edulis: Modification of the enzyme in anoxia and by endogenous protein kinases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/0020-711x(90)90012-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Papadopoulos A, Michaelidis B, Lazou A. Tissue specific isoenzymes of d-lactate dehydrogenase from the foot, mantle and hepatopancreas of Patella caerulea (L). purification and properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/0020-711x(90)90035-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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