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McEvoy J, Flores-Otero J, Zhang J, Nemeth K, Brennan R, Bradley C, Krafcik F, Rodriguez-Galindo C, Wilson M, Xiong S, Lozano G, Sage J, Fu L, Louhibi L, Trimarchi J, Pani A, Smeyne R, Johnson D, Dyer MA. Coexpression of normally incompatible developmental pathways in retinoblastoma genesis. Cancer Cell 2011; 20:260-75. [PMID: 21840489 PMCID: PMC3551581 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2011.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2010] [Revised: 03/28/2011] [Accepted: 07/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
It is widely believed that the molecular and cellular features of a tumor reflect its cell of origin and can thus provide clues about treatment targets. The retinoblastoma cell of origin has been debated for over a century. Here, we report that human and mouse retinoblastomas have molecular, cellular, and neurochemical features of multiple cell classes, principally amacrine/horizontal interneurons, retinal progenitor cells, and photoreceptors. Importantly, single-cell gene expression array analysis showed that these multiple cell type-specific developmental programs are coexpressed in individual retinoblastoma cells, which creates a progenitor/neuronal hybrid cell. Furthermore, neurotransmitter receptors, transporters, and biosynthetic enzymes are expressed in human retinoblastoma, and targeted disruption of these pathways reduces retinoblastoma growth in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justina McEvoy
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Jacqueline Flores-Otero
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Jiakun Zhang
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Katie Nemeth
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Rachel Brennan
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Cori Bradley
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Fred Krafcik
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | | | - Matthew Wilson
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Shunbin Xiong
- Department of Genetics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Guillermina Lozano
- Department of Genetics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Julien Sage
- Department of Pediatrics and Genetics, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ligia Fu
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Hospital de Niños, Tegucigalpa 11101, Honduras
| | | | - Jeff Trimarchi
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Amar Pani
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Richard Smeyne
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Dianna Johnson
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Michael A. Dyer
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
- Correspondence:
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Abstract
Novel murine models of retinoblastoma based on Rb gene deletion in concert with inactivation of Rb family members have recently been developed. These new Rb knockout models of retinoblastoma provide excellent tools for pre-clinical studies and for the exploration of the genetics of tumorigenesis driven by RB inactivation. This review focuses on the developmental consequences of Rb deletion in the retina and the genetic interactions between Rb and the two other members of the pocket protein family, p107 (Rbl1) and p130 (Rbl2). There is increasing appreciation that homozygous RB mutations are insufficient for human retinoblastoma. Identifying and understanding secondary gene alterations that cooperate with RB inactivation in tumorigenesis may be facilitated by mouse models. Recent investigation of the p53 pathway in retinoblastoma, and evidence of spatial topology to early murine retinoblastoma are also discussed in this review.
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