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Yannam VRR, Lopes M, Guzman C, Soriano JM. Uncovering the genetic basis for quality traits in the Mediterranean old wheat germplasm and phenotypic and genomic prediction assessment by cross-validation test. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1127357. [PMID: 36778676 PMCID: PMC9911887 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1127357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The release of new wheat varieties is based on two main characteristics, grain yield and quality, to meet the consumer's demand. Identifying the genetic architecture for yield and key quality traits has wide attention for genetic improvement to meet the global requirement. In this sense, the use of landraces represents an impressive source of natural allelic variation. In this study, a genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) with PCA and kinship matrix was performed to detect QTLs in bread wheat for fifteen quality and agronomic traits using 170 diverse landraces from 24 Mediterranean countries in two years of field trials. A total of 53 QTL hotspots containing 165 significant marker-trait associations (MTAs) were located across the genome for quality and agronomical traits except for chromosome 2D. The major specific QTL hotspots for quality traits were QTL_3B.3 (13 MTAs with a mean PVE of 8.2%) and QTL_4A.3 (15 MTAs, mean PVE of 11.0%), and for yield-related traits were QTL_2B.1 (8 MTAs, mean PVE of 7.4%) and QTL_4B.2 (5 MTAs, mean PVE of 10.0%). A search for candidate genes (CG) identified 807 gene models within the QTL hotspots. Ten of these CGs were expressed specifically in grain supporting the role of identified QTLs in Landraces, associated to bread wheat quality traits and grain formation. A cross-validation approach within the collection was performed to calculate the accuracies of genomic prediction for quality and agronomical traits, ranging from -0.03 to 0.64 for quality and 0.46 to 0.65 for agronomic traits. In addition, five prediction equations using the phenotypic data were developed to predict bread loaf volume in landraces. The prediction ability varied from 0.67 to 0.82 depending on the complexity of the traits considered to predict loaf volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkata Rami Reddy Yannam
- Sustainable Field Crops Program, Institute for Food and Agricultural Research and Technology (IRTA), Lleida, Spain
| | - Marta Lopes
- Sustainable Field Crops Program, Institute for Food and Agricultural Research and Technology (IRTA), Lleida, Spain
| | - Carlos Guzman
- Departamento de Genética, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica y de Montes, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Jose Miguel Soriano
- Sustainable Field Crops Program, Institute for Food and Agricultural Research and Technology (IRTA), Lleida, Spain
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Huang J, Wang Z, Fan L, Ma S. A review of wheat starch analyses: Methods, techniques, structure and function. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 203:130-142. [PMID: 35093434 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.01.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Wheat starch has received much attention as an important source of dietary energy for humans, an interesting carbohydrate and a polymeric material. The understanding of the structure and function of wheat starch has always been accompanied by newer technological tools. On the one hand, the general knowledge of wheat starch is constantly being enriched. On the other hand, an increasing number of studies are trying to add new insights to what is already known from two frontier perspectives, namely, wheat starch supramolecular structures and wheat starch fine structures (CLDs). This review describes the structure and function of wheat starch from the perspective of wheat starch analysis techniques (instruments).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihong Huang
- College of Food and Medicine, Xuchang University, Xuchang, Henan 461000, China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China.
| | - Zhen Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Ling Fan
- College of Food and Medicine, Xuchang University, Xuchang, Henan 461000, China
| | - Sen Ma
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China.
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Tu M, Li Y. Toward the Genetic Basis and Multiple QTLs of Kernel Hardness in Wheat. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E1631. [PMID: 33255282 PMCID: PMC7760206 DOI: 10.3390/plants9121631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Kernel hardness is one of the most important single traits of wheat seed. It classifies wheat cultivars, determines milling quality and affects many end-use qualities. Starch granule surfaces, polar lipids, storage protein matrices and Puroindolines potentially form a four-way interaction that controls wheat kernel hardness. As a genetic factor, Puroindoline polymorphism explains over 60% of the variation in kernel hardness. However, genetic factors other than Puroindolines remain to be exploited. Over the past two decades, efforts using population genetics have been increasing, and numerous kernel hardness-associated quantitative trait loci (QTLs) have been identified on almost every chromosome in wheat. Here, we summarize the state of the art for mapping kernel hardness. We emphasize that these steps in progress have benefitted from (1) the standardized methods for measuring kernel hardness, (2) the use of the appropriate germplasm and mapping population, and (3) the improvements in genotyping methods. Recently, abundant genomic resources have become available in wheat and related Triticeae species, including the high-quality reference genomes and advanced genotyping technologies. Finally, we provide perspectives on future research directions that will enhance our understanding of kernel hardness through the identification of multiple QTLs and will address challenges involved in fine-tuning kernel hardness and, consequently, food properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yin Li
- Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 190 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA;
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Kiseleva AA, Leonova IN, Pshenichnikova TA, Salina EA. Dissection of novel candidate genes for grain texture in Russian wheat varieties. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 104:219-233. [PMID: 32617826 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-020-01025-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonina A Kiseleva
- The Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ICG SB RAS), Prospekt Lavrentyeva 10, Novosibirsk, Russia, 630090.
- Kurchatov Genomics Center, Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Prospekt Lavrentyeva 10, Novosibirsk, Russia, 630090.
| | - Irina N Leonova
- The Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ICG SB RAS), Prospekt Lavrentyeva 10, Novosibirsk, Russia, 630090
| | - Tatyana A Pshenichnikova
- The Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ICG SB RAS), Prospekt Lavrentyeva 10, Novosibirsk, Russia, 630090
| | - Elena A Salina
- Kurchatov Genomics Center, Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Prospekt Lavrentyeva 10, Novosibirsk, Russia, 630090
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Relationships between puroindoline A-prolamin interactions and wheat grain hardness. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0225293. [PMID: 32991576 PMCID: PMC7523994 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Grain hardness is an important quality trait of cereal crops. In wheat, it is mainly determined by the Hardness locus that harbors genes encoding puroindoline A (PINA) and puroindoline B (PINB). Any deletion or mutation of these genes leading to the absence of PINA or to single amino acid changes in PINB leads to hard endosperms. Although it is generally acknowledged that hardness is controlled by adhesion strength between the protein matrix and starch granules, the physicochemical mechanisms connecting puroindolines and the starch-protein interactions are unknown as of this time. To explore these mechanisms, we focused on PINA. The overexpression in a hard wheat cultivar (cv. Courtot with the Pina-D1a and Pinb-D1d alleles) decreased grain hardness in a dose-related effect, suggesting an interactive process. When PINA was added to gliadins in solution, large aggregates of up to 13 μm in diameter were formed. Turbidimetry measurements showed that the PINA-gliadin interaction displayed a high cooperativity that increased with a decrease in pH from neutral to acid (pH 4) media, mimicking the pH change during endosperm development. No turbidity was observed in the presence of isolated α– and γ-gliadins, but non-cooperative interactions of PINA with these proteins could be confirmed by surface plasmon resonance. A significant higher interaction of PINA with γ-gliadins than with α–gliadins was observed. Similar binding behavior was observed with a recombinant repeated polypeptide that mimics the repeat domain of gliadins, i.e., (Pro-Gln-Gln-Pro-Tyr)8. Taken together, these results suggest that the interaction of PINA with a monomeric gliadin creates a nucleation point leading to the aggregation of other gliadins, a phenomenon that could prevent further interaction of the storage prolamins with starch granules. Consequently, the role of puroindoline-prolamin interactions on grain hardness should be addressed on the basis of previous observations that highlight the similar subcellular routing of storage prolamins and puroindolines.
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Zhang Y, Hu X, Juhasz A, Islam S, Yu Z, Zhao Y, Li G, Ding W, Ma W. Characterising avenin-like proteins (ALPs) from albumin/globulin fraction of wheat grains by RP-HPLC, SDS-PAGE, and MS/MS peptides sequencing. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:45. [PMID: 31996140 PMCID: PMC6988229 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-2259-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wheat grain avenin-like proteins (ALPs) belong to a recently discovered class of wheat grain storage protein. ALPs in wheat grains not only have beneficial effects on dough quality but also display antifungal activities, which is a novel observation for wheat storage proteins. Previous studies have shown that ALPs are likely present in the albumin/globulin fractions of total protein extract from wheat flour. However, the accumulation characteristics of these ALPs in the mature wheat grain remains unknown. RESULTS In the present study, a total of 13 ALPs homologs were isolated and characterized in the albumin/globulin fractions of the wheat protein extract. A combination of multiple techniques including RP-HPLC, SDS-PAGE, MALDI-TOF and peptide sequencing were used for accurate separation and identification of individual ALP homolog. The C-terminal TaALP-by-4AL/7DS, TaALP-by-4AL/7AS/7DS, TaALP-bx/4AL/7AS/7DS, TaALP-ay-7DS, TaALP-ay-4AL, TaALP-ax-4AL, TaALP-ax-7AS, and TaALP-ax-7DS, were separated as individual protein bands from wheat flour for the first time. These unique ALPs peptides were mapped to the latest wheat genome assembly in the IWGSC database. The characteristic defence related proteins present in albumin and globulin fractions, such as protein disulfide-isomerase (PDI), grain softness protein (GSP), alpha-amylase inhibitors (AAIs) and endogenous alpha-amylase/subtilisin inhibitor were also found to co-segregate with these identified ALPs, avenin-3 and α-gliadins. The molecular weight range and the electrophoresis segregation properties of ALPs were characterised in comparison with the proteins containing the tryp_alpha_amyl domain (PF00234) and the gliadin domain (PF13016), which play a role in plant immunity and grain quality. We examined the phylogenetic relationships of the AAIs, GSP, avenin-3, α-gliadins and ALPs, based on the alignment of their functional domains. MALDI-TOF profiling indicated the occurrence of certain post-translations modifications (PTMs) in some ALP subunits. CONCLUSIONS We reported for the first time the complete profiling of ALPs present in the albumin/globulin fractions of wheat grain protein extracts. We concluded that majority of the ALPs homologs are expressed in wheat grains. We found clear evidence of PTMs in several ALPs peptides. The identification of both gliadin domain (PF13016) and Tryp_alpha_amyl domain (PF00234) in the mature forms of ALPs highlighted the multiple functional properties of ALPs in grain quality and disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujuan Zhang
- Australia-China Joint Centre for Wheat Improvement, Western Australian State Agriculture Biotechnology Centre, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Xin Hu
- Australia-China Joint Centre for Wheat Improvement, Western Australian State Agriculture Biotechnology Centre, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, School of Agriculture and Food Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Linan, Zhejiang, 311300, Hangzhou, China
| | - Angela Juhasz
- Australia-China Joint Centre for Wheat Improvement, Western Australian State Agriculture Biotechnology Centre, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Shahidul Islam
- Australia-China Joint Centre for Wheat Improvement, Western Australian State Agriculture Biotechnology Centre, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Zitong Yu
- Australia-China Joint Centre for Wheat Improvement, Western Australian State Agriculture Biotechnology Centre, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Yun Zhao
- Australia-China Joint Centre for Wheat Improvement, Western Australian State Agriculture Biotechnology Centre, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Gang Li
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, Australia
| | - Wenli Ding
- Nutritional Crop Physiology, Institute of Crop Science, University of Hohenheim, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Wujun Ma
- Australia-China Joint Centre for Wheat Improvement, Western Australian State Agriculture Biotechnology Centre, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia.
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The antimicrobial properties of the puroindolines, a review. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 35:86. [PMID: 31134452 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-019-2655-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial proteins, and especially antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) hold great promise in the control of animal and plant diseases with low risk of pathogen resistance. The two puroindolines, a and b, from wheat control endosperm softness of the wheat caryopsis (grain), but have also been shown to inhibit the growth and kill various bacteria and fungi, while showing little toxicity to erythrocytes. Puroindolines are small (~ 13 kDa) amphipathic proteins with a characteristic tryptophan-rich domain (TRD) that is part of an 18 or 19 amino acid residue loop subtended by a disulfide bond. This review presents a brief history of the puroindolines, their physical-chemical characteristics, their interaction with lipids and membranes, and their activity as antimicrobial proteins and AMPs. In this latter context, the use of the TRDs of puroindoline a and b in puroindoline AMP function is reviewed. The activity of puroindoline a and b and their AMPs appear to act through similar but somewhat different modes, which may involve membrane binding, membrane disruption and ion channel formation, and intra-cellular nucleic acid binding and metabolic disruption. Natural and synthetic mutants have identified key elements of the puroindolines for antimicrobial activity.
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8
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Nitrogen topdressing timing modifies the gluten quality and grain hardness related protein levels as revealed by iTRAQ. Food Chem 2019; 277:135-144. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.10.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Quayson ET, Marti A, Morris CF, Marengo M, Bonomi F, Seetharaman K, Iametti S. Structural consequences of the interaction of puroindolines with gluten proteins. Food Chem 2018; 253:255-261. [PMID: 29502829 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.01.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The effect of puroindolines (PINs) on structural characteristics of wheat proteins was investigated in Triticum turgidum ssp. durum (cv. Svevo) and Triticum aestivum (cv. Alpowa) and in their respective derivatives in which PIN genes were expressed (Soft Svevo) or the distal end of the short arm of chromosome 5D was deleted and PINs were not expressed (Hard Alpowa). The presence of PINs decreased the amount of cold-SDS extractable proteins and the accessibility of protein thiols to specific reagents, but resulted in facilitated solvation of gluten proteins, as detected by tryptophan fluorescence measurements carried out on minimally mixed flour/water mixtures. We propose that PINs and gluten proteins are interacting in the grain or flour prior to mixing. Hydrophobic interactions between PINs and some of the gluten proteins modify the pattern of interactions among gluten proteins, thus providing an additional mechanistic rationale for the effects of PINs on kernel hardness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enoch T Quayson
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, 1334 Eckles Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Science Building, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Alessandra Marti
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, 1334 Eckles Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, USA; Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Craig F Morris
- USDA-ARS Western Wheat Quality Laboratory, Washington State University, E-202 Food Science & Human Nutrition Facility East, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Mauro Marengo
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Bonomi
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Koushik Seetharaman
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, 1334 Eckles Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Stefania Iametti
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Ma X, Sajjad M, Wang J, Yang W, Sun J, Li X, Zhang A, Liu D. Diversity, distribution of Puroindoline genes and their effect on kernel hardness in a diverse panel of Chinese wheat germplasm. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 17:158. [PMID: 28931378 PMCID: PMC5607584 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-017-1101-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kernel hardness, which has great influence on the end-use properties of common wheat, is mainly controlled by Puroindoline genes, Pina and Pinb. Using EcoTILLING platform, we herein investigated the allelic variations of Pina and Pinb genes and their association with the Single Kernel Characterization System (SKCS) hardness index in a diverse panel of wheat germplasm. RESULTS The kernel hardness varied from 1.4 to 102.7, displaying a wide range of hardness index. In total, six Pina and nine Pinb alleles resulting in 15 genotypes were detected in 1787 accessions. The most common alleles are the wild type Pina-D1a (90.4%) and Pina-D1b (7.4%) for Pina, and Pinb-D1b (43.6%), Pinb-D1a (41.1%) and Pinb-D1p (12.8%) for Pinb. All the genotypes have hard type kernel hardness of SKCS index (>60.0), except the wild types of Pina and Pinb combination (Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1a). The most frequent genotypes in Chinese and foreign cultivars was Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b (46.3 and 39.0%, respectively) and in Chinese landraces was Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1a (54.2%). The frequencies of hard type accessions are increasing from 35.5% in the region IV, to 40.6 and 61.4% in the regions III and II, and then to 77.0% in the region I, while those of soft type are accordingly decreasing along with the increase of latitude. Varieties released after 2000 in Beijing, Hebei, Shandong and Henan have higher average kernel hardness index than that released before 2000. CONCLUSION The kernel hardness in a diverse panel of Chinese wheat germplasm revealed an increasing of kernel hardness generally along with the latitude across China. The wild type Pina-D1a and Pinb-D1a, and one Pinb mutant (Pinb-D1b) are the most common alleles of six Pina and nine Pinb alleles, and a new double null genotype (Pina-D1x/Pinb-D1ah) possessed relatively high SKCS hardness index. More hard type varieties were released in recent years with different prevalence of Pin-D1 combinations in different regions. This work would benefit the understanding of the selection and molecular processes of kernel hardness across China and different breeding stages, and provide useful information for the improvement of wheat quality in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Muhammad Sajjad
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101 China
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari, 61100 Pakistan
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101 China
- The Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100093 China
| | - Wenlong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Jiazhu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Aimin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Dongcheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101 China
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Collado-Romero M, Alós E, Prieto P. Effect of 7H(ch) Hordeum chilense chromosome introgressions on the wheat endosperm proteomic profile. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:3793-3802. [PMID: 25824108 DOI: 10.1021/jf5055672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Hordeum chilense is an excellent genetic resource for wheat breeding due to its potential to improve breadmaking quality and nutritional value and provide resistance to some biotic and abiotic stresses. Hexaploid wheat lines carrying chromosome 7H(ch) introgressions, namely, chromosome additions of the whole chromosome 7H(ch) or the 7H(ch)α or the 7H(ch)β chromosome arms, and chromosome substitutions of the homeologous chromosomes 7A, 7B, or 7D by chromosome 7H(ch) were compared by 2D-PAGE analysis to study the effect of these alien introgressions on the wheat endosperm proteome. The addition of the 7H(ch)α chromosome arm did not alter the profile of most glutenins and gliadins, but showed higher quantities of puroindolines and lower xylanase inhibitors, which might improve also resistance to plant pathogens. On the other hand, (7A)7H(ch) or (7D)7H(ch) substitution lines showed enhanced avenin-like b proteins and triticin levels but reduced puroindolines, which could be desirable to improve dough properties and nutritional value and increase kernel hardness in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melania Collado-Romero
- Plant Breeding Department, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Apartado 4084, E-14080 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Enriqueta Alós
- Plant Breeding Department, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Apartado 4084, E-14080 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Pilar Prieto
- Plant Breeding Department, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Apartado 4084, E-14080 Córdoba, Spain
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12
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Gasparis S, Orczyk W, Nadolska-Orczyk A. Sina and Sinb genes in triticale do not determine grain hardness contrary to their orthologs Pina and Pinb in wheat. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2013; 13:190. [PMID: 24279512 PMCID: PMC4222565 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-13-190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Secaloindoline a (Sina) and secaloindoline b (Sinb) genes of hexaploid triticale (x Triticosecale Wittmack) are orthologs of puroindoline a (Pina) and puroindoline b (Pinb) in hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). It has already been proven that RNA interference (RNAi)-based silencing of Pina and Pinb genes significantly decreased the puroindoline a and puroindoline b proteins in wheat and essentially increased grain hardness (J Exp Bot 62:4025-4036, 2011). The function of Sina and Sinb in triticale was tested by means of RNAi silencing and compared to wheat. RESULTS Novel Sina and Sinb alleles in wild-type plants of cv. Wanad were identified and their expression profiles characterized. Alignment with wheat Pina-D1a and Pinb-D1a alleles showed 95% and 93.3% homology with Sina and Sinb coding sequences. Twenty transgenic lines transformed with two hpRNA silencing cassettes directed to silence Sina or Sinb were obtained by the Agrobacterium-mediated method. A significant decrease of expression of both Sin genes in segregating progeny of tested T1 lines was observed independent of the silencing cassette used. The silencing was transmitted to the T4 kernel generation. The relative transcript level was reduced by up to 99% in T3 progeny with the mean for the sublines being around 90%. Silencing of the Sin genes resulted in a substantial decrease of secaloindoline a and secaloindoline b content. The identity of SIN peptides was confirmed by mass spectrometry. The hardness index, measured by the SKCS (Single Kernel Characterization System) method, ranged from 22 to 56 in silent lines and from 37 to 49 in the control, and the mean values were insignificantly lower in the silent ones, proving increased softness. Additionally, the mean total seed protein content of silenced lines was about 6% lower compared with control lines. Correlation coefficients between hardness and transcript level were weakly positive. CONCLUSIONS We documented that RNAi-based silencing of Sin genes resulted in significant decrease of their transcripts and the level of both secaloindoline proteins, however did not affect grain hardness. The unexpected, functional differences of Sin genes from triticale compared with their orthologs, Pin of wheat, are discussed.
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MESH Headings
- Agrobacterium/metabolism
- Alleles
- Crosses, Genetic
- Edible Grain/genetics
- Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
- Gene Silencing
- Genes, Plant/genetics
- Hardness
- Indoles/metabolism
- Plant Proteins/chemistry
- Plant Proteins/genetics
- Plant Proteins/metabolism
- Plants, Genetically Modified
- Quantitative Trait, Heritable
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Seeds/chemistry
- Seeds/genetics
- Sequence Alignment
- Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
- Transformation, Genetic
- Triticum/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Gasparis
- Department of Functional Genetics, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute – National Research Institute, Radzikow, 05-870 Blonie, Poland
| | - Waclaw Orczyk
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute – National Research Institute, Radzikow, 05-870 Blonie, Poland
| | - Anna Nadolska-Orczyk
- Department of Functional Genetics, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute – National Research Institute, Radzikow, 05-870 Blonie, Poland
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13
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Pauly A, Pareyt B, Fierens E, Delcour JA. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L. and T. turgidum L. ssp. durum) Kernel Hardness: I. Current View on the Role of Puroindolines and Polar Lipids. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2013; 12:413-426. [PMID: 33412687 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Wheat hardness has major consequences for the entire wheat supply chain from breeders and millers over manufacturers to, finally, consumers of wheat-based products. Indeed, differences in hardness among Triticum aestivum L. or between T. aestivum L. and T. turgidum L. ssp. durum wheat cultivars determine not only their milling properties, but also the properties of flour or semolina endosperm particles, their preferential use in cereal-based applications, and the quality of the latter. Although the mechanism causing differences in wheat hardness has been subject of research more than once, it is still not completely understood. It is widely accepted that differences in wheat hardness originate from differences in the interaction between the starch granules and the endosperm protein matrix in the kernel. This interaction seems impacted by the presence of either puroindoline a and/or b, polar lipids on the starch granule surface, or by a combination of both. We focus here on wheat hardness and its relation to the presence of puroindolines and polar lipids. More in particular, the structure, properties, and genetics of puroindolines and their interactions with polar lipids are critically discussed as is their possible role in wheat hardness. We also address future research needs as well as the presence of puroindoline-type proteins in other cereals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anneleen Pauly
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bram Pareyt
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ellen Fierens
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan A Delcour
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
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14
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15
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Uvackova L, Skultety L, Bekesova S, McClain S, Hajduch M. The MS(E)-proteomic analysis of gliadins and glutenins in wheat grain identifies and quantifies proteins associated with celiac disease and baker's asthma. J Proteomics 2012; 93:65-73. [PMID: 23268118 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Revised: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Precise content of gliadin (Glia) and glutenin (Glu) proteins in wheat grain are largely unknown despite their association with celiac disease, various allergies, and physical processing properties of wheat. Developing methods to quantitatively measure clinically relevant proteins could support advancement in understanding exposure thresholds and clinical study design. The aim of this study was to use a data-independent mass spectrometry (MS(E)) approach for quantifying gliadin and glutenin proteins in wheat grain. The biologically replicated analysis yielded concentrations for 34 gliadin and 22 glutenin proteins. The primary focus of this survey was on measuring celiac disease proteins and baker's asthma associated proteins along with the proteins associated with viscoelastic properties of wheat flour and grain texture. The technical coefficients of variation ranged from 0.12 to 1.39 and indicate that MS(E) proteomics is a reproducible quantitative method for the determination of gliadin and glutenin content in the highly complex matrix of protein extracts from wheat grain. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Translational Plant Proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubica Uvackova
- Department of Reproduction and Developmental Biology, Institute of Plant Genetics and Biotechnology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Nitra, Slovakia
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16
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Coexpression of the high molecular weight glutenin subunit 1Ax1 and puroindoline improves dough mixing properties in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. ssp. durum). PLoS One 2012. [PMID: 23185532 PMCID: PMC3503773 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Wheat end-use quality mainly derives from two interrelated characteristics: the compositions of gluten proteins and grain hardness. The composition of gluten proteins determines dough rheological properties and thus confers the unique viscoelastic property on dough. One group of gluten proteins, high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS), plays an important role in dough functional properties. On the other hand, grain hardness, which influences the milling process of flour, is controlled by Puroindoline a (Pina) and Puroindoline b (Pinb) genes. However, little is known about the combined effects of HMW-GS and PINs on dough functional properties. In this study, we crossed a Pina-expressing transgenic line with a 1Ax1-expressing line of durum wheat and screened out lines coexpressing 1Ax1 and Pina or lines expressing either 1Ax1 or Pina. Dough mixing analysis of these lines demonstrated that expression of 1Ax1 improved both dough strength and over-mixing tolerance, while expression of PINA detrimentally affected the dough resistance to extension. In lines coexpressing 1Ax1 and Pina, faster hydration of flour during mixing was observed possibly due to the lower water absorption and damaged starch caused by PINA expression. In addition, expression of 1Ax1 appeared to compensate the detrimental effect of PINA on dough resistance to extension. Consequently, coexpression of 1Ax1 and PINA in durum wheat had combined effects on dough mixing behaviors with a better dough strength and resistance to extension than those from lines expressing either 1Ax1 or Pina. The results in our study suggest that simultaneous modulation of dough strength and grain hardness in durum wheat could significantly improve its breadmaking quality and may not even impair its pastamaking potential. Therefore, coexpression of 1Ax1 and PINA in durum wheat has useful implications for breeding durum wheat with dual functionality (for pasta and bread) and may improve the economic values of durum wheat.
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17
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Pauly A, Pareyt B, De Brier N, Fierens E, Delcour JA. Starch isolation method impacts soft wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Claire) starch puroindoline and lipid levels as well as its functional properties. J Cereal Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2012.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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18
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Suzuki G, Wada H, Goto H, Nakano A, Oba H, Deno T, Rahman S, Mukai Y. Transgenic rice plants harboring the grain hardness-locus region of Aegilops tauschii. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2011; 30:2293-2301. [PMID: 21850595 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-011-1134-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2011] [Revised: 07/27/2011] [Accepted: 08/02/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Grain hardness of wheat is determined by the hardness (Ha)-locus region, which contains three friabilin-related genes: puroindoline-a (Pina), puroindoline-b (Pinb) and GSP-1. In our previous study, we produced the transgenic rice plants harboring the large genomic fragment of the Ha-locus region of Aegilops tauschii containing Pina and GSP-1 genes by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. To examine the effects of the transgenes in the rice endosperms, we firstly confirmed the homozygosity of the T-DNAs in four independent T2 lines by using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and DNA gel blot analyses. The transgenes, Pina and GSP-1, were stably expressed in endosperms of the T3 and T4 seeds at RNA and protein levels, indicating that the promoters and other regulatory elements on the wheat Ha-locus region function in rice, and that multigene transformation using a large genomic fragment is a useful strategy. The functional contribution of the transgene-derived friabilins to the rice endosperm structure was considered as an increase of spaces between compound starch granules, resulting in a high proportion of white turbidity seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Go Suzuki
- Division of Natural Science, Osaka Kyoiku University, 4-698-1 Asahigaoka, Kashiwara, Osaka, 582-8582, Japan.
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19
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Efremova TT, Arbuzova VS. The role of chromosomes from homeologous group 5 in regulation of grain hardness and protein content in substitution lines of common wheat cultivar Saratovskaya 29. RUSS J GENET+ 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s102279541105005x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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20
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New insight into puroindoline function inferred from their subcellular localization in developing hard and soft near-isogenic endosperm and their relationship with polymer size of storage proteins. J Cereal Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2011.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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Pasha I, Anjum FM, Morris CF. Grain hardness: a major determinant of wheat quality. FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT 2010; 16:511-22. [PMID: 21339167 DOI: 10.1177/1082013210379691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Wheat quality, a complex term, depends upon intentional use for unambiguous products. The foremost determinants of wheat quality are endosperm texture (grain hardness), protein content and gluten strength. Endosperm texture in wheat is the single most important and defining quality characteristic, as it facilitates wheat classification and affects milling, baking and end-use quality. Various techniques used for grain hardness measurement are classified into diverse groups according to grinding, crushing and abrasion. The most extensively used methods for texture measurement are PSI, NIR hardness, SKCS, pearling index, SDS-PAGE and PCR markers. Friabilin is a 15 kDa endosperm specific protein associated with starch granules of wheat grain and is unswervingly related to grain softness. Chemically, it is a concoction of different polypeptides, primarily puroindolines; Pin a and Pin b. Hardness (Ha) locus of chromosome 5DS makes the distinction between soft and hard classes of wheat. Some additional modifying genes are also present which contribute to the disparity within wheat classes. Numerous allelic mutations in Pin have been reported and their relation to end product quality has been established. This treatise elaborates the consequence of grain hardness in wheat eminence.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Pasha
- National Institute of Food Science & Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad-38040, Pakistan.
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22
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Finnie S, Jeannotte R, Morris C, Faubion J. Variation in polar lipid composition among near-isogenic wheat lines possessing different puroindoline haplotypes. J Cereal Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2009.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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23
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24
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Appelqvist IAM, Debet MRM. Starch‐biopolymer interactions—a review. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129709541105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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25
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Nadolska-Orczyk A, Gasparis S, Orczyk W. The determinants of grain texture in cereals. J Appl Genet 2009; 50:185-97. [PMID: 19638673 DOI: 10.1007/bf03195672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Kernel hardness is an important agronomic trait that influences end-product properties. In wheat cultivars, this trait is determined by the Puroindoline a (Pina) and Puroindoline b (Pinb) genes, located in the Hardness locus (Ha) on chromosome 5DS of the D genome. Wild type alleles code puroindoline a (PINA) and puroindoline b (PINB) proteins, which form a 15-kDa friabilin present on the surface of water-washed starch granules. Both the proteins are accumulated in the starch endosperm cells and aleurone of the mature kernels. Puroindoline-like genes coding puroindoline-like proteins in the starch endosperm occur in some of the genomes of Triticeae and Aveneae cereals. Orthologs are present in barley, rye and oats. However, some genomes of these diploid and polyploid cereals, like that of Triticum turgidum var. durum (AABB) lack the puroindoline genes, having a very hard kernel texture. The two wild type alleles in opposition (dominant loci) control the soft phenotype. Mutation either in Pina or Pinb or in both leads to a medium-hard or hard kernel texture. The most frequent types of Pin mutations are point mutations within the coding sequence resulting in the substitution of a single amino acid or a null allele. The latter is the result of a frame shift determined by base deletion or insertion or a one-point mutation to the stop codon. The lipid-binding properties of the puroindolines affect not only the dough quality but also the plants' resistance to pathogens. Genetic modification of cereals with Puroindoline genes and/or their promoters enable more detailed functional analyses and the production of plants with the desired characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nadolska-Orczyk
- Plant Transformation and Cell Engineering Department, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute, Poland.
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26
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Pasha I, Anjum FM, Butt MS. Biochemical Characterization of Spring Wheats in Relation to Grain Hardness. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10942910802123281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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27
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Ma D, Zhang Y, Xia X, Morris CF, He Z. Milling and Chinese raw white noodle qualities of common wheat near-isogenic lines differing in puroindoline b alleles. J Cereal Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2009.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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28
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Feiz L, Wanjugi H, Melnyk C, Altosaar I, Martin J, Giroux M. Puroindolines co-localize to the starch granule surface and increase seed bound polar lipid content. J Cereal Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2009.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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29
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Clifton LA, Green RJ, Hughes AV, Frazier RA. Interfacial Structure of Wild-Type and Mutant Forms of Puroindoline-b Bound to DPPG Monolayers. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:15907-13. [DOI: 10.1021/jp806016h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luke A. Clifton
- Reading School of Pharmacy and Department of Food Biosciences, University of Reading, P.O. Box 226, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AP, United Kingdom, and ISIS Pulsed Neutron and Muon Source, Science and Technology Facilities Council Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca J. Green
- Reading School of Pharmacy and Department of Food Biosciences, University of Reading, P.O. Box 226, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AP, United Kingdom, and ISIS Pulsed Neutron and Muon Source, Science and Technology Facilities Council Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Arwel V. Hughes
- Reading School of Pharmacy and Department of Food Biosciences, University of Reading, P.O. Box 226, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AP, United Kingdom, and ISIS Pulsed Neutron and Muon Source, Science and Technology Facilities Council Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Richard A. Frazier
- Reading School of Pharmacy and Department of Food Biosciences, University of Reading, P.O. Box 226, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AP, United Kingdom, and ISIS Pulsed Neutron and Muon Source, Science and Technology Facilities Council Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
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30
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Bottier C, Géan J, Desbat B, Renault A, Marion D, Vié V. Structure and orientation of puroindolines into wheat galactolipid monolayers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2008; 24:10901-10909. [PMID: 18759387 DOI: 10.1021/la800697s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Puroindolines (PINs), basic and cysteine-rich proteins of wheat endosperm, are composed of two proteins, puroindoline-a (PIN-a) and puroindoline-b (PIN-b). Using a monolayer assay at the air/liquid interface, both PIN-a and PIN-b were studied in pure components and mixed with wheat galactolipids, 1,2-di-O-acyl-3-O-(beta-d-galactopyranosyl)- sn-glycerol (MGDG) and 2-di-O-acyl-3-O-(beta-d-galactopyranosyl-1,6-beta-d-galactopyranosyl)-sn-glycerol (DGDG). Following the adsorption of PINs at the air/liquid interface thanks to surface pressure increases, we concluded that PIN-a displays a more amphipathic character than PIN-b. Compression isotherms combined with ellipsometric measurements showed that the area per molecule is smaller and the protein film is more condensed for PIN-a than for PIN-b. According to the polarization modulation-infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy data, both proteins display a highly alpha-helical structure and the alpha-helices are oriented rather parallel to the interface. By measuring the overpressure due to PIN adsorption into MGDG and DGDG monolayers, we observed that PIN-a interacts more strongly into lipid films than PIN-b. The observation by atomic force microscopy of mixed protein/lipid films showed that the nature of the lipid plays a significant role in the organization of PINs, particularly for PIN-a. The presence of galactolipids at the interface stabilizes the alpha-helical structure of PINs, but significant changes were observed concerning the orientation of the alpha-helices. They adopt a perfect parallel orientation to the interface in the MGDG monolayer, whereas the bundle of alpha-helices orients normal to the interface in the DGDG film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Bottier
- Institut de Physique de Rennes, UMR UR1-CNRS 6251, Rennes, France
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32
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Xia L, Geng H, Chen X, He Z, Lillemo M, Morris CF. Silencing of puroindoline a alters the kernel texture in transgenic bread wheat. J Cereal Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2007.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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33
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Bhave M, Morris CF. Molecular genetics of puroindolines and related genes: allelic diversity in wheat and other grasses. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2008; 66:205-19. [PMID: 18049798 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-007-9263-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2007] [Accepted: 11/07/2007] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The hardness or texture of cereal grains is a primary determinant of their technological and processing quality. Among members of the Triticeae, most notably wheat, much of the variation in texture is controlled by a single locus comprised of the Puroindoline a, Puroindoline b and Grain Softness Protein-1 (Gsp-1) genes. Puroindolines confer the three major texture classes of soft and hard common wheat and the very hard durum wheat. The protein products of these genes interact with lipids and are associated with the surface of isolated starch (as a protein fraction known as 'friabilin'). During the past ten years a great diversity of alleles of both Puroindoline genes have been discovered and significant advances made in understanding the relationship between the gene presence/absence, sequence polymorphism and texture of cereal grains. Efforts have also focussed on Puroindoline and Gsp-1 genes in diploid progenitors, other Triticeae grasses and synthetic wheats in order to understand the evolution of this gene family and find potentially useful variants. The puroindoline homologues in other cereals such as rye and barley are also receiving attention. This work summarises new developments in molecular genetics of puroindolines in wheat and related Triticeae grasses, and the related genes in other cereals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrinal Bhave
- Environment and Biotechnology Centre, Faculty of Life and Social Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, P.O. Box 218, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia.
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34
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Physicochemical changes to starch granules during micronisation and extrusion processing of wheat, and their implications for starch digestibility in the newly weaned piglet. Animal 2008; 2:1312-23. [DOI: 10.1017/s1751731108002553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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35
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Wanjugi HW, Martin JM, Giroux MJ. Influence of Puroindolines A and B Individually and in Combination on Wheat Milling and Bread Traits. Cereal Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1094/cchem-84-6-0540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. W. Wanjugi
- Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717-3150
| | - J. M. Martin
- Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717-3150
| | - M. J. Giroux
- Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717-3150
- Corresponding author. E-mail:
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KELLY FIONA, BHAVE MRINAL. APPLICATION OF A DNA-BASED TEST TO DETECT ADULTERATION OF BREAD WHEAT IN PASTA. J FOOD QUALITY 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4557.2007.00118.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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37
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Gollan P, Smith K, Bhave M. Gsp-1 genes comprise a multigene family in wheat that exhibits a unique combination of sequence diversity yet conservation. J Cereal Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2006.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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38
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Campbell JB, Martin JM, Crutcher F, Meyer FD, Clark DR, Giroux MJ. Effects on Soft Wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) Quality of IncreasedPuroindolineDosage. Cereal Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1094/cchem-84-1-0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. B. Campbell
- Department of Plant Science and Plant Pathology, Montana State University, 119 Plant BioScience Building, Bozeman, MT 59717-3150
| | - J. M. Martin
- Department of Plant Science and Plant Pathology, Montana State University, 119 Plant BioScience Building, Bozeman, MT 59717-3150
| | - F. Crutcher
- Department of Plant Science and Plant Pathology, Montana State University, 119 Plant BioScience Building, Bozeman, MT 59717-3150
| | - F. D. Meyer
- Department of Plant Science and Plant Pathology, Montana State University, 119 Plant BioScience Building, Bozeman, MT 59717-3150
| | - D. R. Clark
- WestBred LLC, 8111 Timberline Drive, Bozeman, MT 59718-8184
| | - M. J. Giroux
- Department of Plant Science and Plant Pathology, Montana State University, 119 Plant BioScience Building, Bozeman, MT 59717-3150
- Corresponding author. Phone: 406-994-7877. Fax: 406-994-7600. E-mail:
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Chen F, He Z, Chen D, Zhang C, Zhang Y, Xia X. Influence of puroindoline alleles on milling performance and qualities of Chinese noodles, steamed bread and pan bread in spring wheats. J Cereal Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2006.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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40
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Li G, He Z, Peña RJ, Xia X, Lillemo M, Sun Q. Identification of novel secaloindoline-a and secaloindoline-b alleles in CIMMYT hexaploid triticale lines. J Cereal Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2005.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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41
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Debet MR, Gidley MJ. Three classes of starch granule swelling: Influence of surface proteins and lipids. Carbohydr Polym 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2005.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Chen M, Wilkinson M, Tosi P, He G, Shewry P. Novel puroindoline and grain softness protein alleles in Aegilops species with the C, D, S, M and U genomes. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2005; 111:1159-66. [PMID: 16133313 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-005-0047-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2005] [Accepted: 07/12/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
DNA from six hexaploid, tetraploid and diploid species of Aegilops with the C, D, S, M and U genomes was amplified with specific PCR primers to identify sequences encoding puroindolines (Pins) a and b and grain softness protein (GSP), all of which are encoded by genes at the Ha (hardness) locus, with Ae. tauschii (DD) and bread wheat (T. aestivum) (AABBDD) cv Hiline being studied as controls. Seven new allelic forms of Pin a and Pin b were identified, including forms with mutations within or close to the tryptophan motif. In addition, five new forms of GSP were detected. In all species both genomic DNA from leaves and cDNA from developing grain were analysed. This revealed the presence of both silent genes (with premature stop codons) and multiple genes, with the latter being confirmed by Southern blot analysis. Freeze fracture analysis demonstrated that all except one accession (Ae. sharonensis) were soft textured. However, this difference cannot be accounted for by the sequences of the Pin alleles present in this line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjie Chen
- China-UK HUST-RRes Crop Engineering and Genomics Joint Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
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Clarke B, Rahman S. A microarray analysis of wheat grain hardness. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2005; 110:1259-67. [PMID: 15806348 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-005-1962-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2004] [Accepted: 02/14/2005] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Grain hardness is an important quality characteristic of wheat grain, and considerable research effort has focused on characterising the genetic and biochemical basis underlying the hardness phenotype. Previous research has shown that the predominant difference between hard and soft seeds is linked to the puroindoline (PIN) proteins. In this study the near-isogenic lines of Heron and Falcon, which differ only in the grain hardness character, were compared using a cDNA microarray consisting of approximately 5,000 unique cDNA clones that were isolated from wheat and barley endosperm tissue. Our analysis showed that major differences in gene expression were evident for puroindoline-a (Pina), with a minor but not consistent change in the expression of puroindoline-b (Pinb). These observations were confirmed using a 16,000 unique cDNA microarray in a comparison of hard wheats with either the Pina null or Pinb mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Clarke
- CSIRO Division of Plant Industry, Clunies Ross St, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
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Huang XQ, Röder MS. Development of SNP assays for genotyping the puroindoline b gene for grain hardness in wheat using pyrosequencing. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2005; 53:2070-5. [PMID: 15769137 DOI: 10.1021/jf047955b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Grain hardness is one of the most important quality characteristics of cultivated bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and has been reported to result from either a failure to express puroindoline a (Pina) or single-nucleotide mutations in puroindoline b (Pinb). Up to now, seven alleles from Pinb-D1a to Pinb-D1g were identified in bread wheat. Compared to the DNA coding region of Pinb-D1a (allele for softness), six single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected in six alleles for Pinb-D1. In this study, we used pyrosequencing technology to develop two SNP assays for identification of the seven Pinb alleles and characterized SNP variations in the Pinb of 493 European wheat varieties. Of the three hardness alleles Pinb-D1b, Pinb-D1c, and Pinb-D1d detected in this study, Pinb-D1b was the most predominant hardness allele in European hard wheats. The hardness genotypes of partial German wheat varieties available confirmed the reliability and validation of the SNP assays developed for the Pinb locus. Therefore, pyrosequencing technology offers an efficient, precise, and reliable concept for high-throughout genotyping to assist selection of grain hardness genes in wheat quality breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Qiang Huang
- Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, D-06466 Gatersleben, Germany.
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Van den Bulck K, Swennen K, Loosveld AMA, Courtin CM, Brijs K, Proost P, Van Damme J, Van Campenhout S, Mort A, Delcour JA. Isolation of cereal arabinogalactan-peptides and structural comparison of their carbohydrate and peptide moieties. J Cereal Sci 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2004.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Calucci L, Capocchi A, Galleschi L, Ghiringhelli S, Pinzino C, Saviozzi F, Zandomeneghi M. Antioxidants, free radicals, storage proteins, puroindolines, and proteolytic activities in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) seeds during accelerated aging. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2004; 52:4274-81. [PMID: 15212480 DOI: 10.1021/jf0353741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Seeds of bread wheat were incubated at 40 degrees C and 100% relative humidity for 0, 3, 4, 6, and 10 days. The effects of accelerated aging on seed germinability and some biochemical properties of flour (carotenoid, free radical, and protein contents and proteolytic activity) and gluten (free radical content and flexibility) were investigated. Seed germinability decreased during aging, resulting in seed death after 10 days. A progressive decrease of carotenoid content, in particular, lutein, was observed, prolonging the incubation, whereas the free radical content increased in both flour and gluten. A degradation of soluble and storage proteins was found, associated with a marked increase of proteolytic activity and a loss of viscoelastic properties of gluten. On the contrary, puroindolines were quite resistant to the treatment. The results are discussed in comparison with those previously obtained during accelerated aging of durum wheat seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Calucci
- Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, CNR, Area della Ricerca, via G. Moruzzi 1, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
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José-Estanyol M, Gomis-Rüth FX, Puigdomènech P. The eight-cysteine motif, a versatile structure in plant proteins. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2004; 42:355-65. [PMID: 15191737 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2004.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2004] [Accepted: 03/22/2004] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A number of protein sequences deduced from the molecular analysis of plant cDNA or genomic libraries can be grouped in relation to a defined number of cysteine residues located in distinct positions of their sequences. This is the case for a group of around 500 polypeptides from different species that contain a small domain (less than 100 amino acids residues) displaying a pattern of eight-cysteines in a specific order. The plant sequences containing this motif belong to proteins having different functions, ranging from storage, protection, enzyme inhibition and lipid transfer, to cell wall structure. The eight-cysteine motif (8CM) appears to be a structural scaffold of conserved helical regions connected by variable loops, as observed by three-dimensional structure analysis. It is proposed that the cysteine residues would form a network of disulfide bridges necessary, for the maintenance of the tertiary structure of the molecule together with the central helical core, while the variable loops would provide the sequences required for the specific functions of the proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilde José-Estanyol
- Laboratori de Genètica Molecular i Vegetal, Consorci CSIC-IRTA, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
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Hogg AC, Sripo T, Beecher B, Martin JM, Giroux MJ. Wheat puroindolines interact to form friabilin and control wheat grain hardness. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2004; 108:1089-1097. [PMID: 15067395 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-003-1518-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2003] [Accepted: 10/28/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Wheat grain is sold based upon several physiochemical characteristics, one of the most important being grain texture. Grain texture in wheat directly affects many end use qualities such as milling yield, break flour yield, and starch damage. The hardness (Ha) locus located on the short arm of chromosome 5D is known to control grain hardness in wheat. This locus contains the puroindoline A ( pina) and puroindoline B ( pinb) genes. All wheats to date that have mutations in pina or pinb are hard textured, while wheats possessing both the 'soft type' pina-D1a and pinb-D1a sequences are soft. Furthermore, it has been shown that complementation of the pinb-D1b mutation in hard spring wheat can restore a soft phenotype. Here, our objective was to identify and characterize the effect the puroindoline genes have on grain texture independently and together. To accomplish this we transformed a hard red spring wheat possessing a pinb-D1b mutation with 'soft type' pina and pinb, creating transgenic isolines that have added pina, pinb, or pina and pinb. Northern blot analysis of developing control and transgenic lines indicated that grain hardness differences were correlated with the timing of the expression of the native and transgenically added puroindoline genes. The addition of PINA decreased grain hardness less than the reduction seen with added PINB. Seeds from lines having more 'soft type' PINB than PINA were the softest. Friabilin abundance was correlated with the presence of both 'soft type' PINA and PINB and did not correlate well with total puroindoline abundance. The data indicates that PINA and PINB interact to form friabilin and together affect wheat grain texture.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Hogg
- Department of Plant Science and Plant Pathology, Agriculture and Biological Sciences Faculty, Montana State University-Bozeman, Bozeman, MT 59717-3150, USA
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Ramírez A, Pérez GT, Ribotta PD, León AE. The occurrence of friabilins in triticale and their relationship with grain hardness and baking quality. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2003; 51:7176-7181. [PMID: 14611190 DOI: 10.1021/jf0345853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Grain hardness is a quality parameter in wheat and other cereals. In wheat, a group of M(r) 15 000 proteins called friabilins have been shown to be related to grain hardness. The objective of this study was to determine the presence of friabilins on starch granules of different triticale lines and their relationship with grain texture and baking quality. The triticale lines studied have a wide range of hardness, which presented correlation with baking quality parameters such as damaged starch and solvent retention capacity. All of the triticale lines contained friabilins on the starch granules. However, the correlation between hardness and friabilin content was not observed, suggesting that these proteins would not be directly involved in grain texture determination of triticale. Consequently, friabilin content did not have any relation with cookie quality in triticale flours, but it could be related to breadmaking quality because it has a positive correlation with the sodium dodecyl sulfate sedimentation index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldana Ramírez
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, CC 509, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
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