1
|
Zaila KE, Doak TG, Ellerbrock H, Tung CH, Martins ML, Kolbin D, Yao MC, Cassidy-Hanley DM, Clark TG, Chang WJ. Diversity and Universality of Endosymbiotic Rickettsia in the Fish Parasite Ichthyophthirius multifiliis. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:189. [PMID: 28232825 PMCID: PMC5299013 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the presence of endosymbiotic rickettsial bacteria, specifically Candidatus Megaira, has been reported in diverse habitats and a wide range of eukaryotic hosts, it remains unclear how broadly Ca. Megaira are distributed in a single host species. In this study we seek to address whether Ca. Megaira are present in most, if not all isolates, of the parasitic ciliate Ichthyophthirius multifiliis. Conserved regions of bacterial 16S rRNA genes were either PCR amplified, or assembled from deep sequencing data, from 18 isolates/populations of I. multifiliis sampled worldwide (Brazil, Taiwan, and USA). We found that rickettsial rRNA sequences belonging to three out of four Ca. Megaira subclades could be consistently detected in all I. multifiliis samples. I. multifiliis collected from local fish farms tend to be inhabited by the same subclade of Ca. Megaira, whereas those derived from pet fish are often inhabited by more than one subclade of Ca. Megaira. Distributions of Ca. Megaira in I. multifiliis thus better reflect the travel history, but not the phylogeny, of I. multifiliis. In summary, our results suggest that I. multifiliis may be dependent on this endosymbiotic relationship, and the association between Ca. Megaira and I. multifiliis is more diverse than previously thought.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas G. Doak
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, BloomingtonIN, USA
- National Center for Genome Analysis Support, Indiana University, BloomingtonIN, USA
| | | | - Che-Huang Tung
- Department of Aquatic Biosciences, National Chyai UniversityChyai City, Taiwan
| | - Mauricio L. Martins
- Departamento de Aquicultura, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Santa CatarinaFlorianópolis, Brazil
| | - Daniel Kolbin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, IthacaNY, USA
| | - Meng-Chao Yao
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia SinicaTaipei, Taiwan
| | - Donna M. Cassidy-Hanley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, IthacaNY, USA
| | - Theodore G. Clark
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, IthacaNY, USA
| | - Wei-Jen Chang
- Department of Biology, Hamilton College, ClintonNY, USA
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia SinicaTaipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Matthews RA. Ichthyophthirius multifiliis Fouquet and Ichthyophthiriosis in Freshwater Teleosts. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2005; 59:159-241. [PMID: 16182866 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-308x(05)59003-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The ciliate Ichthyophthirius multifiliis is an important pathogen of freshwater teleosts occurring in both temperate and tropical regions throughout the world. The disease, ichthyophthiriosis, accounts for significant economic losses to the aquaculture industry, including the ornamental fish trade, and epizootics in wild fish populations can result in mass kills. This review attempts to provide a comprehensive overview of the biology of the parasite, covering the free-living and parasitic stages in the life cycle, host-parasite interactions, and the immune response of host and immune evasion strategies by the parasite. Emphasis on the immunological aspects of infection within the fish host, including molecular studies of i-antigens, reflects the current interest in this subject area and the quest to develop a recombinant vaccine against the disease. The current status of methods for the control of ichthyophthiriosis is discussed, together with new approaches in combating this important disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R A Matthews
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Effects of different malachite green derivatives and metabolites on the fish ectoparasite, Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, Fouquet 1876 (Hymenostomatida, Ciliophora). Eur J Protistol 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0932-4739(97)80049-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|