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Quack M, Seyfang G, Wichmann G. Perspectives on parity violation in chiral molecules: theory, spectroscopic experiment and biomolecular homochirality. Chem Sci 2022; 13:10598-10643. [PMID: 36320700 PMCID: PMC9491092 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc01323a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The reflection (or ‘mirror’) symmetry of space is among the fundamental symmetries of physics. It is connected to the conservation law for the quantum number parity and a fundamental ‘non-observable’ property of space (as defined by an absolute ‘left-handed’ or ‘right-handed’ coordinate system). The discovery of the violation of this symmetry – the non-conservation of parity or ‘parity violation’ – in 1956/1957 had an important influence on the further development of physics. In chemistry the mirror symmetry of space is connected to the existence of enantiomers as isomers of chiral (‘handed’) molecules. These isomers would relate to each other as idealized left or right hand or as image and mirror image and would be energetically exactly equivalent with perfect space inversion symmetry. Parity violation results in an extremely small ‘parity violating’ energy difference between the ground states of the enantiomers which can be theoretically calculated to be about 100 aeV to 1 feV (equivalent to 10−11 to 10−10 J mol−1), depending on the molecule, but which has not yet been detected experimentally. Its detection remains one of the great challenges of current physical–chemical stereochemistry, with implications also for fundamental problems in physics. In biochemistry and molecular biology one finds a related fundamental question unanswered for more than 100 years: the evolution of ‘homochirality’, which is the practically exclusive preference of one chiral, enantiomeric form as building blocks in the biopolymers of all known forms of life (the l-amino acids in proteins and d-sugars in DNA, not the reverse d-amino acids or l-sugars). In astrobiology the spectroscopic detection of homochirality could be used as strong evidence for the existence of extraterrestrial life, if any. After a brief conceptual and historical introduction we review the development, current status, and progress along these three lines of research: theory, spectroscopic experiment and the outlook towards an understanding of the evolution of biomolecular homochirality. The reflection (or ‘mirror’) symmetry of space is among the fundamental symmetries of physics. It is connected to the conservation law for the quantum number purity and its violation and has a fundamental relation to stereochemistry and molecular chirality.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Quack
- Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Georg Seyfang
- Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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Quack M, Seyfang G, Wichmann G. Fundamental and approximate symmetries, parity violation and tunneling in chiral and achiral molecules. ADVANCES IN QUANTUM CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aiq.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Fábri C, Albert S, Chen Z, Prentner R, Quack M. A molecular quantum switch based on tunneling in meta-d-phenol C6H4DOH. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:7387-7394. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp00133b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The concept of a molecular quantum switch is introduced from realistic, quantitative wavepacket analyses of tunneling switching in m-d-phenol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Fábri
- Laboratory of Molecular Structure and Dynamics
- Institute of Chemistry
- Eötvös University
- H-1117 Budapest
- Hungary
| | | | - Ziqiu Chen
- Physical Chemistry
- ETH Zürich
- CH-8093 Zürich
- Switzerland
| | | | - Martin Quack
- Physical Chemistry
- ETH Zürich
- CH-8093 Zürich
- Switzerland
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Prentner R, Quack M, Stohner J, Willeke M. Wavepacket Dynamics of the Axially Chiral Molecule Cl–O–O–Cl under Coherent Radiative Excitation and Including Electroweak Parity Violation. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:12805-22. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b08958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Prentner
- Laboratory
for Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Chair for Philosophy, ETH Zürich, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Quack
- Laboratory
for Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jürgen Stohner
- Institute
for Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Zürich University for Applied Sciences, Campus Reidbach, CH-8840 Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | - Martin Willeke
- Laboratory
for Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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Roncaratti LF, Leal LA, Pirani F, Aquilanti V, e Silva GM, Gargano R. Chirality of weakly bound complexes: the potential energy surfaces for the hydrogen-peroxide-noble-gas interactions. J Chem Phys 2015; 141:134309. [PMID: 25296808 DOI: 10.1063/1.4897136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We consider the analytical representation of the potential energy surfaces of relevance for the intermolecular dynamics of weakly bound complexes of chiral molecules. In this paper we study the H2O2-Ng (Ng=He, Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe) systems providing the radial and the angular dependence of the potential energy surface on the relative position of the Ng atom. We accomplish this by introducing an analytical representation which is able to fit the ab initio energies of these complexes in a wide range of geometries. Our analysis sheds light on the role that the enantiomeric forms and the symmetry of the H2O2 molecule play on the resulting barriers and equilibrium geometries. The proposed theoretical framework is useful to study the dynamics of the H2O2 molecule, or other systems involving O-O and S-S bonds, interacting by non-covalent forces with atoms or molecules and to understand how the relative orientation of the O-H bonds changes along collisional events that may lead to a hydrogen bond formation or even to selectivity in chemical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- L F Roncaratti
- Instituto de Física, Universidade de Brasília, 70910 Brasília, Brazil
| | - L A Leal
- Instituto de Física, Universidade de Brasília, 70910 Brasília, Brazil
| | - F Pirani
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - V Aquilanti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - G M e Silva
- Instituto de Física, Universidade de Brasília, 70910 Brasília, Brazil
| | - R Gargano
- Instituto de Física, Universidade de Brasília, 70910 Brasília, Brazil
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Quack M. On Biomolecular Homochirality as a Quasi-Fossil of the Evolution of Life. ADVANCES IN CHEMICAL PHYSICS 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/9781118959602.ch18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Quack M. Error and Discovery: Why Repeating Can Be New. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:9362-70. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201303190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Klamroth T, Kröner D. Stereoselective isomerization of an ensemble of adsorbed molecules with multiple orientations: stochastic laser pulse optimization for selective switching between achiral and chiral atropisomers. J Chem Phys 2008; 129:234701. [PMID: 19102546 DOI: 10.1063/1.3036927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
We present quantum dynamical simulations for the laser driven isomerization of an ensemble of surface mounted stereoisomers with multiple orientations. The model system 1-(2-cis-fluoroethenyl)-2-fluorobenzene supports two chiral and one achiral atropisomers upon torsion around the C-C single bond connecting phenyl ring and ethylene group. An infrared picosecond pulse is used to excite the internal rotation around the chiral axis, thereby controlling the chirality of the molecule. In order to selectively switch the molecules--independent of their orientation on a surface--from their achiral to either their left- or right-handed form, a stochastic pulse optimization algorithm is applied. The stochastic pulse optimization is performed for different sets of defined orientations of adsorbates corresponding to the rotational symmetry of the surface. The obtained nonlinearly polarized laser pulses are highly enantioselective for each orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tillmann Klamroth
- Institut für Chemie, Theoretische Chemie, Universität Potsdam, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany.
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Kröner D, Klaumünzer B, Klamroth T. From stochastic pulse optimization to a stereoselective laser pulse sequence: simulation of a chiroptical molecular switch mounted on adamantane. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:9924-35. [PMID: 18800773 DOI: 10.1021/jp804352q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Quantum dynamical simulations for the laser-controlled isomerization of 1-(2-cis-fluoroethenyl)-2-fluorobenzene mounted on adamantane are reported based on a one-dimensional electronic ground-state potential and dipole moment calculated by density functional theory. The model system 1-(2-cis-fluoroethenyl)-2-fluorobenzene supports two chiral and one achiral atropisomers upon torsion around the C-C single bond connecting the phenyl ring and ethylene group. The molecule itself is bound to an adamantyl frame which serves as a model for a linker or a surface. Due to the C3 symmetry of the adamantane molecule, the molecular switch can have three equivalent orientations. An infrared picosecond pulse is used to excite the internal rotation around the chiral axis, thereby controlling the chirality of the molecule. In order to selectively switch the molecules--independent of their orientations-- from their achiral to either their left- or right-handed form, a stochastic pulse optimization algorithm is applied. A subsequent detailed analysis of the optimal pulse allows for the design of a stereoselective laser pulse sequence of analytical form. The developed control scheme of elliptically polarized laser pulses is enantioselective and orientation-selective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Kröner
- Universität Potsdam, Institut für Chemie, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany.
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Kröner D, Klaumünzer B. Laser-operated chiral molecular switch: quantum simulations for the controlled transformation between achiral and chiral atropisomers. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2007; 9:5009-17. [PMID: 17851597 DOI: 10.1039/b705974d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
We report quantum dynamical simulations for the laser controlled isomerization of 1-(2-cis-fluoroethenyl)-2-fluorobenzene based on one-dimensional electronic ground and excited state potentials obtained from (TD)DFT calculations. 1-(2-cis-fluoroethenyl)-2-fluorobenzene supports two chiral and one achiral atropisomers, the latter being the most stable isomer at room temperature. Using a linearly polarized IR laser pulse the molecule is excited to an internal rotation around its chiral axis, i.e. around the C-C single bond between phenyl ring and ethenyl group, changing the molecular chirality. A second linearly polarized laser pulse stops the torsion to prepare the desired enantiomeric form of the molecule. This laser control allows the selective switching between the achiral and either the left- or right-handed form of the molecule. Once the chirality is "switched on" linearly polarized UV laser pulses allow the selective change of the chirality using the electronic excited state as intermediate state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Kröner
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str 24-25, D-14476, Potsdam, Germany.
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General Discussion on Laser Control of Chemical Reactions. ADVANCES IN CHEMICAL PHYSICS 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/9780470141601.ch15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Gottselig M, Quack M. Steps towards molecular parity violation in axially chiral molecules. I. Theory for allene and 1,3-difluoroallene. J Chem Phys 2005; 123:084305. [PMID: 16164289 DOI: 10.1063/1.1884114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In view of exploring possibilities for an experimental investigation of molecular parity violation we report quantum-chemical calculations of the parity-conserving and parity-violating potentials in the framework of electroweak quantum chemistry in allene C3H4 and 1,3-difluoroallene C3H2F2, which is nonplanar and axially chiral in the electronic ground state but expected to be nearly planar and achiral in several electronically excited states. The parity-violating potentials Epv for allene and 1,3-difluoroallene calculated with the multiconfiguration linear-response (MC-LR) approach of Berger and Quack [J. Chem. Phys. 112, 3148 (2000)] show qualitatively similar behavior as a function of torsional angle tau with maximum values of about 0.5 pJ mol(-1) for C3H4 and 2 pJ mol(-1) for C3H2F2. However, in the latter case they are asymmetrically shifted around tau=90 degrees , with a nonzero value at the chiral equilibrium geometry resulting in a parity-violating energy difference between enantiomers DeltapvE=Epv(P)-Epv(M)=1.2 pJ mol(-1) (equivalent to about 10(-13) cm(-1)). The calculated barrier heights corresponding to the nonrigid (multiple, and in part chiral) transition states in 1,3-difluoroallene fall in the range of 180-200 kJ mol(-1). These high barriers result in hypothetical tunneling splittings much smaller than DeltapvE and thus parity violation dominates over tunneling for the stereomutation dynamics in 1,3-difluoroallene. Therefore, DeltapvE is predicted to be a spectroscopically measurable energy difference. Two of the lower excited electronic states of C3H2F2 (1A and 3A) are calculated to be planar or quasiplanar, allowing, in principle, for spectroscopic state selection of states of well-defined parity. The results are discussed in relation to possible schemes of measuring parity violation in chiral molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Gottselig
- Physical Chemistry, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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Athalye VS, Kumar A. Superpositions of chiral states in the presence of electric dipole, magnetic dipole, and electric quadrupole interactions. J Chem Phys 2005; 122:174302. [PMID: 15910027 DOI: 10.1063/1.1883645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper is a straightforward generalization of Maierle-Harris proposal regarding parity implications on the superpositions of chiral states of a molecule. It is shown that the inclusion of electric quadrupole and magnetic dipole interactions removes several of restrictions on the preparation of superpositions of mid R:L and mid R:R states of a chiral molecule. It is also found that the dephasing of mid R:L and mid R:R superpositions, due to the spontaneous emission from the chiral molecule, has opposing contributions from electric quadrupole-magnetic dipole and electric dipole interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram S Athalye
- Department of Physics, Thakur College, University of Mumbai, India.
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González L, Hoki K, Kröner D, Leal AS, Manz J, Ohtsuki Y. Selective preparation of enantiomers by laser pulses: From optimal control to specific pump and dump transitions. J Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1310595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Fujimura Y, González L, Hoki K, Kröner D, Manz J, Ohtsuki Y. Zur Laserpuls-Präparation reiner Enantiomere aus einem Racemat: quantenmechanische Modellsimulation für H2POSH. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3757(20001215)112:24<4785::aid-ange4785>3.0.co;2-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Fujimura Y, González L, Hoki K, Kröner D, Manz J, Ohtsuki Y. From a Racemate to a Pure Enantiomer by Laser Pulses: Quantum Model Simulations for H2POSH. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3773(20001215)39:24%3c4586::aid-anie4586%3e3.0.co;2-h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Fujimura Y, González L, Hoki K, Kröner D, Manz J, Ohtsuki Y. From a Racemate to a Pure Enantiomer by Laser Pulses: Quantum Model Simulations for H(2)POSH This work was supported by the DFG (project Ma 515/18-1) and the JSPS. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2000; 39:4586-4588. [PMID: 11169678 DOI: 10.1002/1521-3773(20001215)39:24<4586::aid-anie4586>3.0.co;2-h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Fujimura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578 (Japan)
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Marquardt R, Quack M, Thanopulos I. Dynamical Chirality and the Quantum Dynamics of Bending Vibrations of the CH Chromophore in Methane Isotopomers. J Phys Chem A 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/jp994245d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Marquardt
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH-Zürich (Zentrum), 8092 - Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Quack
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH-Zürich (Zentrum), 8092 - Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ioannis Thanopulos
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH-Zürich (Zentrum), 8092 - Zürich, Switzerland
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Brackhagen O, Busse H, Giraud-Girard J, Manz J, Oppel M. Fluorescence lifetimes of 9-(N-carbazolyl)-anthracene: Effects of intramolecular vibrational redistribution and electronic transitions in coupled bright and dark states. J Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1063/1.481497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Oppel M, Paramonov G. Picosecond laser control of bond-selective dissociation and clockwise and anticlockwise rotation of the dissociation fragments: applications to a three-dimensional model of HONO2 in the ground electronic state. Chem Phys 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-0104(99)00319-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Selective vibronic excitation and bond breaking by picosecond UV and IR laser pulses: application to a two-dimensional model of HONO2. Chem Phys Lett 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(99)01095-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Došlić N, Kühn O, Manz J, Sundermann K. The “Hydrogen-Subway”A Tunneling Approach to Intramolecular Hydrogen Transfer Reactions Controlled by Ultrashort Laser Pulses. J Phys Chem A 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jp982470+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Salam A, Meath W. On enantiomeric excesses obtained from racemic mixtures by using circularly polarized pulsed lasers of varying durations. Chem Phys 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-0104(97)00323-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Salam A, Meath W. On the relative populations of excited state enantiomers, for randomly orientated molecules, obtained through the use of circularly polarized pulsed lasers. Chem Phys Lett 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(97)00874-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Salam A, Meath WJ. On the control of excited state relative populations of enantiomers using circularly polarized pulses of varying durations. J Chem Phys 1997. [DOI: 10.1063/1.473746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Korolkov MV, Manz J, Paramonov GK. Theory of ultrafast laser control of isomerization reactions in an environment: Picosecond cope rearrangement of substituted semibullvalenes. J Chem Phys 1996. [DOI: 10.1063/1.472894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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