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Gu X, Yu J, Chai P, Ge S, Fan X. Novel insights into extrachromosomal DNA: redefining the onco-drivers of tumor progression. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2020; 39:215. [PMID: 33046109 PMCID: PMC7552444 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01726-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA), gene-encoding extrachromosomal particles of DNA, is often present in tumor cells. Recent studies have revealed that oncogene amplification via ecDNA is widespread across a diverse range of cancers. ecDNA is involved in increasing tumor heterogeneity, reverting tumor phenotypes, and enhancing gene expression and tumor resistance to chemotherapy, indicating that it plays a significant role in tumorigenesis. In this review, we summarize the characteristics and genesis of ecDNA, connect these characteristics with their concomitant influences on tumorigenesis, enumerate the oncogenes encoded by ecDNA in multiple cancers, elaborate the roles of ecDNA in tumor pathogenesis and progression, and propose the considerable research and therapeutic prospects of ecDNA in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 20025, P. R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 20025, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 20025, P. R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 20025, People's Republic of China
| | - Peiwei Chai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 20025, P. R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 20025, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengfang Ge
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 20025, P. R. China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 20025, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xianqun Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 20025, P. R. China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 20025, People's Republic of China.
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Velimirovic B. Infection and cancer: current state of art. Eur J Epidemiol 1992; 8:715-22. [PMID: 1426172 DOI: 10.1007/bf00145389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Empirical evidence of the association of cancer with parasitic and viral infectious agents has been recognized earlier. Today, viruses are thought to account for about 10% of all cancers and they take a central place in experimental cancer research. This area has expanded tremendously with modern molecular biology techniques, the knowledge of gene expression, cellular enzyme and mechanisms of transformation. However, the last proof of causality is not yet available. Serologic, virologic, experimental and protective evidence is needed to confirm the assumptions in this rapidly developing field of research. The prevention of hepato-cellular carcinoma by effective vaccines now available is, in the opinion of the WHO, at least theoretically possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Velimirovic
- Institute of Social Medicine, University of Graz, Austria
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Hehlmann R, Schreiber MA, Kreeb G, Erfle V, Weber W, Obrecht P. Discrimination of leukemias, lymphomas, and non-neoplastic controls by retroviral serum markers. HAEMATOLOGY AND BLOOD TRANSFUSION 1985; 29:207-14. [PMID: 4029730 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-70385-0_48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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