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Antonini R, Scaini G, Michels M, Matias MBD, Schuck PF, Ferreira GC, de Oliveira J, Dal-Pizzol F, Streck EL. Effects of omega-3 fatty acids supplementation on inflammatory parameters after chronic administration of L-tyrosine. Metab Brain Dis 2020; 35:295-303. [PMID: 31828693 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-019-00525-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosinemia type II is an autosomal recessive inborn error of metabolism caused by hepatic cytosolic tyrosine aminotransferase deficiency. Importantly, this disease is associated with neurological and developmental abnormalities in many patients. Considering that the mechanisms underlying neurological dysfunction in hypertyrosinemic patients are poorly understood, in the present work we investigated the levels of cytokines - tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6 and IL-10 - in cerebellum, hippocampus, striatum of young rats exposed to chronic administration of L-tyrosine. In addition, we also investigated the impact of the supplementation with Omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) on the rodent model of Tyrosinemia. Notably, previous study demonstrated an association between L-tyrosine toxicity and n-3 PUFA deficiency. Our results showed a significant increase in the levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in brain structures when animals were administered with L-tyrosine. Cerebral cortex and striatum seem to be more susceptible to the inflammation induced by tyrosine toxicity. Importantly, n-3 PUFA supplementation attenuated the alterations on cytokines levels induced by tyrosine exposure in brain regions of infant rats. In conclusion, the brain inflammation is also an important process related to tyrosine neurotoxicity observed in the experimental model of Tyrosinemia. Finally, n-3 PUFA supplementation could be considered as a potential neuroprotective adjunctive therapy for Tyrosinemias, especially type II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela Antonini
- Laboratório de Neurologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Av. Universitária, 1105, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Center of Excellence in Applied Neuroscience of Santa Catarina (NENASC), Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Giselli Scaini
- Laboratório de Neurologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Av. Universitária, 1105, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Center of Excellence in Applied Neuroscience of Santa Catarina (NENASC), Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Monique Michels
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Laboratório de Fisiopatologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Mariane B D Matias
- Laboratório de Neurologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Av. Universitária, 1105, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Patrícia F Schuck
- Laboratório de Neurologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Av. Universitária, 1105, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Gustavo C Ferreira
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jade de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Neurologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Av. Universitária, 1105, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Felipe Dal-Pizzol
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Laboratório de Fisiopatologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Emilio L Streck
- Laboratório de Neurologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Av. Universitária, 1105, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil.
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
- Center of Excellence in Applied Neuroscience of Santa Catarina (NENASC), Criciúma, Brazil.
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Zea-Rey AV, Cruz-Camino H, Vazquez-Cantu DL, Gutiérrez-García VM, Santos-Guzmán J, Cantú-Reyna C. The Incidence of Transient Neonatal Tyrosinemia Within a Mexican Population. JOURNAL OF INBORN ERRORS OF METABOLISM AND SCREENING 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/2326409817744230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra V. Zea-Rey
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
- Genomi-k S.A.P.I. de C.V, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Héctor Cruz-Camino
- Genomi-k S.A.P.I. de C.V, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Biotecnología y Ciencias de la Salud Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Diana L. Vazquez-Cantu
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
- Genomi-k S.A.P.I. de C.V, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | | | - Jesús Santos-Guzmán
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Consuelo Cantú-Reyna
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
- Genomi-k S.A.P.I. de C.V, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Biotecnología y Ciencias de la Salud Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
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Li Y, Juhl SM, Ye X, Shen RL, Iyore EO, Dai Y, Sangild PT, Greisen GO. A Stepwise, Pilot Study of Bovine Colostrum to Supplement the First Enteral Feeding in Preterm Infants (Precolos): Study Protocol and Initial Results. Front Pediatr 2017; 5:42. [PMID: 28316968 PMCID: PMC5334325 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2017.00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY PROTOCOL The optimal feeding for preterm infants during the first weeks is still debated, especially when mother's own milk is lacking or limited. Intact bovine colostrum (BC) contains high amounts of protein, growth factors, and immuno-regulatory components that may benefit protein intake and gut maturation. We designed a pilot study to investigate the feasibility and tolerability of BC as the first nutrition for preterm infants. The study was designed into three phases (A, B, and C) and recruited infants with birth weights of 1,000-1,800 g (China) or gestational ages (GAs) of 27 + 0 to 32 + 6 weeks (Denmark). In phase A, three infants were recruited consecutively to receive BC as a supplement to standard feeding. In phase B, seven infants were recruited in parallel. In phase C (not yet complete), 40 infants will be randomized to BC or standard feeding. Feeding intolerance, growth, time to full enteral feeding, serious infections/NEC, plasma amino acid profile, blood biochemistry, and intestinal functions are assessed. This paper presents the study protocol and results from phases A and B. RESULTS Seven Danish and five Chinese infants received 22 ± 11 and 22 ± 6 ml·kg-1·day-1 BC for a mean of 7 ± 3 and 7 ± 1 days which provided 1.81 ± 0.89 and 1.83 ± 0.52 g·kg-1·day-1 protein, respectively. Growth rates until 37 weeks or discharge were in the normal range (11.8 ± 0.9 and 12.9 ± 2.7 g·kg-1·day-1 in Denmark and China, respectively). No clinical adverse effects were observed. Five infants showed a transient hypertyrosinemia on day 7 of life. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The three-phased study design was used to proceed with caution as this is the first trial to investigate intact BC as the first feed for preterm infants. BC supplementation appeared well tolerated and resulted in high enteral protein intake. Based on the safety evaluation of phases A and B, the randomized phase C has been initiated. When complete, the Precolos trial will document whether it is feasible to use BC as a novel, bioactive milk diet for preterm infants. Our trial paves the way for a larger randomized controlled trial on using BC as the first feed for preterm infants with insufficient access to mother's own milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqi Li
- Section of Comparative Pediatrics and Nutrition, University of Copenhagen , Frederiksberg , Denmark
| | - Sandra M Juhl
- Department of Neonatology, Rigshospitalet , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Xuqiang Ye
- Department of Neonatology, Foshan Women's and Children's Hospital , Foshan , China
| | - René L Shen
- Section of Comparative Pediatrics and Nutrition, University of Copenhagen , Frederiksberg , Denmark
| | | | - Yiheng Dai
- Department of Neonatology, Foshan Women's and Children's Hospital , Foshan , China
| | - Per T Sangild
- Section of Comparative Pediatrics and Nutrition, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gorm O Greisen
- Department of Neonatology, Rigshospitalet , Copenhagen , Denmark
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Cantú-Reyna C, Zepeda LM, Montemayor R, Benavides S, González HJ, Vázquez-Cantú M, Cruz-Camino H. Incidence of Inborn Errors of Metabolism by Expanded Newborn Screening in a Mexican Hospital. JOURNAL OF INBORN ERRORS OF METABOLISM AND SCREENING 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/2326409816669027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Consuelo Cantú-Reyna
- Genomi-k SAPI de CV, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
- Escuela de Medicina Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | - Luis Manuel Zepeda
- Genomi-k SAPI de CV, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
- Escuela de Medicina Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | - René Montemayor
- Hospital de Ginecología y Obstetricia SA de CV Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | - Santiago Benavides
- Hospital de Ginecología y Obstetricia SA de CV Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | | | - Mercedes Vázquez-Cantú
- Genomi-k SAPI de CV, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Héctor Cruz-Camino
- Genomi-k SAPI de CV, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
- Escuela de Biotecnología y Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey, México
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5
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Scano P, Murgia A, Demuru M, Consonni R, Caboni P. Metabolite profiles of formula milk compared to breast milk. Food Res Int 2016; 87:76-82. [PMID: 29606251 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2016.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Breast milk (BM) feeding is the gold standard in neonate nutrition. When BM is not available it can be substituted or integrated with commercial formula milk (FM) usually sold under different brands and formulations. In this work, the low-molecular-weight hydrophilic compounds in milk were studied by gas chromatography electronic impact mass spectrometry (GC-MS), comparing eight different FM brands with BM samples. With the aid of multivariate statistical data analysis, a marked variability among FM brands, especially driven by the presence of prebiotics in their formulation, was highlighted. Quali-quantitative differences were found between FM and BM. Orotic acid and isomaltulose were found exclusively in FM, while phenylalanine and tyrosine levels were high in two FM brands. Moreover, higher levels of malic acid, sugars (glucose, fructose and galactose), and mannitol were detected in FM. On the other hand, BM showed a higher amino acid content. In conclusion, GC-MS proved to be a very sensitive analytical technique for the study of FM, highlighting metabolite differences among FM brands, and between FM and BM, that may have a possible strong impact on neonatal nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Scano
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, SS 554 km 4.5, 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy; Insitute for Macromolecular Studies, CNR-ISMAC, Via Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Antonio Murgia
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Martina Demuru
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Roberto Consonni
- Insitute for Macromolecular Studies, CNR-ISMAC, Via Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Caboni
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
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6
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Nakamura K, Matsumoto S, Mitsubuchi H, Endo F. Diagnosis and treatment of hereditary tyrosinemia in Japan. Pediatr Int 2015; 57:37-40. [PMID: 25443793 DOI: 10.1111/ped.12550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary tyrosinemia is an autosomal recessive inherited disease that manifests as three types (types I-III). We conducted a nationwide survey of this disease in Japan, and here review the results in relation to prevalence, clinical characteristics, and treatment and diagnosis. A definitive diagnosis of tyrosinemia type I is difficult to obtain based only on blood tyrosine level. Detection of succinylacetone using dried blood spots or urinary organic acid analysis, however, is useful for diagnosis. In tyrosinemia type I, dietary therapy and nitisinone (Orfandin®) are effective. Prognosis is greatly affected by the complications of liver cancer and hypophosphatemic rickets; even patients that are treated early with nitisinone may develop liver cancer. Long-term survival can be expected in type I if nitisinone therapy is effective. Prognosis in types II and III is relatively good.
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7
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de Andrade RB, Gemelli T, Rojas DB, Bonorino NF, Costa BML, Funchal C, Dutra-Filho CS, Wannmacher CMD. Creatine and Pyruvate Prevent the Alterations Caused by Tyrosine on Parameters of Oxidative Stress and Enzyme Activities of Phosphoryltransfer Network in Cerebral Cortex of Wistar Rats. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 51:1184-94. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8791-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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8
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Tyrosine impairs enzymes of energy metabolism in cerebral cortex of rats. Mol Cell Biochem 2012; 364:253-61. [PMID: 22311600 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-012-1225-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosine levels are abnormally elevated in tissues and physiological fluids of patients with inborn errors of tyrosine catabolism, especially in tyrosinemia type II, which is caused by deficiency of tyrosine aminotransferase and provokes eyes, skin, and central nervous system disturbances. Considering that the mechanisms of brain damage in these disorders are poorly known, in this study, we investigated the in vivo and in vitro effects of tyrosine on some parameters of energy metabolism in cerebral cortex of 14-day-old Wistar rats. We observed that 2 mM tyrosine inhibited in vitro the pyruvate kinase (PK) activity and that this inhibition was prevented by 1 mM reduced glutathione with 30, 60, and 90 min of preincubation. Moreover, administration of tyrosine methyl ester (TME) (0.5 mg/g of body weight) decreased the activity of PK and this reduction was prevented by pre-treatment with creatine (Cr). On the other hand, tyrosine did not alter adenylate kinase (AK) activity in vitro, but administration of TME enhanced AK activity not prevented by Cr pre-treatment. Finally, TME administration decreased the activity of CK from cytosolic and mitochondrial fractions and this diminution was prevented by Cr pre-treatment. The results suggest that tyrosine alters essential sulfhydryl groups necessary for CK and PK functions, possibly through oxidative stress. In case this also occurs in the patients, it is possible that energy metabolism alterations may contribute, along with other mechanisms, to the neurological dysfunction of hypertyrosinemias.
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9
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Sgaravatti AM, Magnusson AS, de Oliveira AS, Rosa AP, Mescka CP, Zanin FR, Pederzolli CD, Wyse ATS, Wannmacher CMD, Wajner M, Dutra-Filho CS. Tyrosine administration decreases glutathione and stimulates lipid and protein oxidation in rat cerebral cortex. Metab Brain Dis 2009; 24:415-25. [PMID: 19688254 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-009-9153-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2009] [Accepted: 04/28/2009] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosine levels are abnormally elevated in tissues and physiological fluids of patients with inborn errors of tyrosine catabolism especially in tyrosinemia type II which is caused by deficiency of tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT) and provokes eyes, skin and central nervous system disturbances. We have recently reported that tyrosine promoted oxidative stress in vitro but the exact mechanisms of brain damage in these disorder are poorly known. In the present study, we investigated the in vivo effect of L-tyrosine (500 mg/Kg) on oxidative stress indices in cerebral cortex homogenates of 14-day-old Wistar rats. A single injection of L-tyrosine decreased glutathione (GSH) and thiol-disulfide redox state (SH/SS ratio) while thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, protein carbonyl content and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity were enhanced. In contrast, the treatment did not affect ascorbic acid content, and the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase. These results indicate that acute administration of L-tyrosine may impair antioxidant defenses and stimulate oxidative damage to lipids and proteins in cerebral cortex of young rats in vivo. This suggests that oxidative stress may represent a pathophysiological mechanism in hypetyrosinemic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Sgaravatti
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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10
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Sgaravatti ÂM, Vargas BA, Zandoná BR, Deckmann KB, Rockenbach FJ, Moraes TB, Monserrat JM, Sgarbi MB, Pederzolli CD, Wyse AT, Wannmacher CM, Wajner M, Dutra‐Filho CS. Tyrosine promotes oxidative stress in cerebral cortex of young rats. Int J Dev Neurosci 2008; 26:551-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2008.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2008] [Revised: 05/22/2008] [Accepted: 05/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ângela M. Sgaravatti
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: BioquímicaInstituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreRSBrazil
| | - Bethânia A. Vargas
- Departamento de BioquímicaInstituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulRua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600 – AnexoCEP 90035‐003Porto AlegreRSBrazil
| | - Bernardo R. Zandoná
- Departamento de BioquímicaInstituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulRua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600 – AnexoCEP 90035‐003Porto AlegreRSBrazil
| | - Kátia B. Deckmann
- Departamento de BioquímicaInstituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulRua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600 – AnexoCEP 90035‐003Porto AlegreRSBrazil
| | - Francieli J. Rockenbach
- Departamento de BioquímicaInstituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulRua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600 – AnexoCEP 90035‐003Porto AlegreRSBrazil
| | - Tarsila B. Moraes
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: BioquímicaInstituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreRSBrazil
| | - José M. Monserrat
- Departamento de Ciências FisiológicasFundação Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG)Rio GrandeRSBrazil
| | - Mirian B. Sgarbi
- Departamento de BioquímicaInstituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulRua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600 – AnexoCEP 90035‐003Porto AlegreRSBrazil
| | - Carolina D. Pederzolli
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: BioquímicaInstituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreRSBrazil
| | - Angela T.S. Wyse
- Departamento de BioquímicaInstituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulRua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600 – AnexoCEP 90035‐003Porto AlegreRSBrazil
| | - Clóvis M.D. Wannmacher
- Departamento de BioquímicaInstituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulRua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600 – AnexoCEP 90035‐003Porto AlegreRSBrazil
| | - Moacir Wajner
- Departamento de BioquímicaInstituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulRua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600 – AnexoCEP 90035‐003Porto AlegreRSBrazil
| | - Carlos Severo Dutra‐Filho
- Departamento de BioquímicaInstituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulRua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600 – AnexoCEP 90035‐003Porto AlegreRSBrazil
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: BioquímicaInstituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreRSBrazil
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11
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Cyr D, Giguère R, Villain G, Lemieux B, Drouin R. A GC/MS validated method for the nanomolar range determination of succinylacetone in amniotic fluid and plasma: An analytical tool for tyrosinemia type I. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2006; 832:24-9. [PMID: 16414314 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2005.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2005] [Revised: 12/05/2005] [Accepted: 12/07/2005] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive and accurate stable isotope dilution GC/MS assay was developed and validated for the quantification of succinylacetone (SA) in plasma and amniotic fluid (AF). SA is pathognonomic for tyrosinemia type I, a genetic disorder caused by a reduced activity of fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase (FAH). In untreated patients, SA can easily be measured in plasma and urine because the expected concentrations are in the micromol/L range. Due to a founder effect, the province of Quebec has an unusually high prevalence of tyrosinemia type I, hence, the quantification of SA in AF or plasma of treated patients in the nmol/L range becomes very useful. The method utilizes 13C5-SA as an internal standard and a three-step sample treatment consisting of oximation, solvent extraction and TMCS derivatization. The assay was validated by recording the ion intensities of m/z 620 for SA and m/z 625 for ISTD in order to demonstrate the precision of measurements, the linearity of the method, limit of quantification and detection (LOQ and LOD), specificity, accuracy, as well as metabolite stability. Values for the intra-day assays ranged from 0.2 to 3.2% while values for the inter-day assays ranged from 1.9 to 5.6% confirming that the method has good precision. A calibration plot using SA detected by GC/MS gave excellent linearity with a correlation coefficient of 0.999 over the injected concentration range of 5-2000 nmol/L. LOQ and LOD were 3 and 1 nmol/L, respectively. The usefulness of this method was demonstrated by SA quantification in an AF sample of an affected fetus and in plasma of patients treated with NTBC. The results demonstrate that this novel GC/MS method may be a valuable tool for metabolic evaluation and clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Cyr
- Service of Genetics, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, 3001, 12th Avenue North, Sherbrooke, Que., Canada J1H 5N4
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12
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Menkes JH. The history of hypertyrosinemia caused by high protein diets. J Pediatr 2006; 148:283-4. [PMID: 16492447 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2005.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2005] [Accepted: 04/15/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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13
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Techakittiroj C, Cunningham A, Hooper PF, Andersson HC, Thoene J. High protein diet mimics hypertyrosinemia in newborn infants. J Pediatr 2005; 146:281-2. [PMID: 15689925 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2004.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosinemia resulting from administration of protein-dense infant diets was detected by newborn screening in two infants. Change of formula resulted in rapid resolution of the hypertyrosinemia. These cases identify nonstandard infant diets as a benign and reversible cause of tyrosinemia and a potential cause of positive newborn phenylketonuria screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chulaluck Techakittiroj
- Hayward Genetics Center and the Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
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Abstract
Achieving appropriate growth and nutrient accretion of preterm and low birth weight (LBW) infants is often difficult during hospitalization because of metabolic and gastrointestinal immaturity and other complicating medical conditions. Advances in the care of preterm-LBW infants, including improved nutrition, have reduced mortality rates for these infants from 9.6 to 6.2% from 1983 to 1997. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has responsibility for ensuring the safety and nutritional quality of infant formulas based on current scientific knowledge. Consequently, under FDA contract, an ad hoc Expert Panel was convened by the Life Sciences Research Office of the American Society for Nutritional Sciences to make recommendations for the nutrient content of formulas for preterm-LBW infants based on current scientific knowledge and expert opinion. Recommendations were developed from different criteria than that used for recommendations for term infant formula. To ensure nutrient adequacy, the Panel considered intrauterine accretion rate, organ development, factorial estimates of requirements, nutrient interactions and supplemental feeding studies. Consideration was also given to long-term developmental outcome. Some recommendations were based on current use in domestic preterm formula. Included were recommendations for nutrients not required in formula for term infants such as lactose and arginine. Recommendations, examples, and sample calculations were based on a 1000 g preterm infant consuming 120 kcal/kg and 150 mL/d of an 810 kcal/L formula. A summary of recommendations for energy and 45 nutrient components of enteral formulas for preterm-LBW infants are presented. Recommendations for five nutrient:nutrient ratios are also presented. In addition, critical areas for future research on the nutritional requirements specific for preterm-LBW infants are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine J Klein
- Life Sciences Research Office, 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, USA.
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15
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Van Goudoever JB, Sulkers EJ, Timmerman M, Huijmans JG, Langer K, Carnielli VP, Sauer PJ. Amino acid solutions for premature neonates during the first week of life: the role of N-acetyl-L-cysteine and N-acetyl-L-tyrosine. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 1994; 18:404-8. [PMID: 7815670 DOI: 10.1177/0148607194018005404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosine and cyst(e)ine are amino acids that are thought to be essential for preterm neonates. These amino acids have low stability (cyst(e)ine) or low solubility (tyrosine) and are therefore usually present only in small amounts in amino acid solutions. Acetylation improves the stability and solubility of amino acids, facilitating a higher concentration in the solution. We compared three commercially available amino acid solutions, Aminovenös-N-päd 10%, Vaminolact 6.5%, and Primène 10%, administered to 20 low-birth-weight neonates on total parenteral nutrition from postnatal day 2 onward. Aminovenös-N-päd 10% contains acetylated tyrosine and acetylated cysteine; the other solutions do not contain acetylated amino acids and differ in the amount of tyrosine and cysteine added. On postnatal day 7, plasma amino acids were measured together with urinary excretion of amino acids and the total nitrogen excretion; 38% of the intake of N-acetyl-L-tyrosine and 53% of the intake of N-acetyl-L-cysteine were excreted in urine. Plasma levels of N-acetyl-L-tyrosine (331 +/- 74 mumol/L) and N-acetyl-L-cysteine (18 +/- 29 mumol/L) were higher than those of tyrosine (105 +/- 108 mumol/L) and cystine (11 +/- 9 mumol/L), respectively. Plasma tyrosine levels in the groups receiving small amounts of tyrosine remained just below the reference range. We show a linear correlation of plasma cystine with the intake of cysteine (r = .75, p = 0.01), but not with N-acetyl-L-cysteine. The estimated intake of cysteine should be 500 mumol.kg-1.d-1 in order to obtain levels comparable with those shown in normal term, breast-fed neonates. Nitrogen retention did not differ among the three groups (247 to 273 mg.kg-1.d-1).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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