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Digestive System, Liver, and Abdominal Cavity. THE CAT 2012. [PMCID: PMC7158306 DOI: 10.1016/b978-1-4377-0660-4.00023-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Bodié K, Gagne GD, Sramek MK, Desmond DJ, Abel SJ, Fagerland JA. Asymptomatic Macrothrombocytopenia in a Young Pure-Bred Beagle Dog. Toxicol Pathol 2011; 39:980-7. [DOI: 10.1177/0192623311416261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
During baseline evaluation prior to a preclinical safety study, a 10-month-old male pure-bred Beagle dog was found to have marked thrombocytopenia (6 × 103 platelets [PLT]/µL) associated with a mean platelet volume (MPV) of 17.9 fL. Tests for Rickettsia rickettsii, Ehrlichia canis, and Borrelia burgdorferi were negative. Buccal bleeding time was normal. Over 3 months, PLT were 4 to 141 × 103 PLT/µL, and MPV was 11.4 to 25.1 fL; however, PLT were <50 × 103 PLT/µL and MPV was >16 fL during most of this period. Antinuclear antibody (ANA) and anti-PLT antibody tests were negative. Genotyping for the presence of a beta 1-tubulin mutation demonstrated the normal wild-type gene. Treatment with prednisone resulted in normal values after only 3 days. Ultrastructure of enlarged PLT was consistent with that of immature PLT, characterized by reduced numbers of peripheral microtubules and the presence of rough endoplasmic reticulum, free ribosomes, Golgi apparatus, and a prominent canalicular system. PLT ultrastructure and glucocorticoid responsiveness supported a diagnosis of immune-mediated thrombocytopenia that was masked by the cyclic nature of PLT decreases and lack of clinical signs. Inclusion of such a dog in a preclinical safety study could result in misinterpretation of clinical pathology findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Bodié
- Abbott GmbH & Co. KG, Preclinical Safety, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Gerard D. Gagne
- Abbott Laboratories, Preclinical Safety, Abbott Park, Illinois, USA
| | - Mary K. Sramek
- Abbott Laboratories, Preclinical Safety, Abbott Park, Illinois, USA
| | - David J. Desmond
- Abbott Laboratories, Preclinical Safety, Abbott Park, Illinois, USA
| | - Stephen J. Abel
- Abbott Laboratories, Preclinical Safety, Abbott Park, Illinois, USA
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Lingard AE, Briscoe K, Beatty JA, Moore AS, Crowley AM, Krockenberger M, Churcher RK, Canfield PJ, Barrs VR. Low-Grade Alimentary Lymphoma: Clinicopathological Findings and Response to Treatment in 17 Cases. J Feline Med Surg 2009; 11:692-700. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfms.2009.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/15/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Low-grade alimentary lymphoma (LGAL) was diagnosed by histological and immunohistochemical evaluation of full-thickness biopsies from multiple regions of the gastrointestinal tract collected during exploratory laparotomy in 17 cats. The most common clinical signs were weight loss ( n=17) and vomiting and/or diarrhoea ( n=15). Clinical signs were chronic in 11 cases. Abdominal palpation was abnormal in 12 cats, including diffuse intestinal thickening ( n=8), an abdominal mass due to mesenteric lymph node enlargement ( n=5) and a focal mural intestinal mass ( n=1). The most common ultrasonographic finding was normal or increased intestinal wall thickness with preservation of layering. Ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspirates of mesenteric lymph nodes ( n=9) were incorrectly identified as benign lymphoid hyperplasia in eight cats, in which the histological diagnosis from biopsies was lymphoma. There was neoplastic infiltration of more than one anatomic region of the gastrointestinal tract in 16/17 cats. The jejunum (15/15 cats) and ileum (13/14 cats), followed by the duodenum (10/12 cats), were the most frequently affected sites. Twelve cats were treated with oral prednisolone and high-dose pulse chlorambucil, two with a modified Madison–Wisconsin multiagent protocol and three with a combination of both protocols. Thirteen of the 17 cats (76%) had complete clinical remission with a median remission time of 18.9 months. Cats that achieved complete remission had significantly longer median survival times (19.3 months) than cats that did not achieve complete remission ( n=4) (4.1 months; P=0.019). The prognosis for cats with LGAL treated with oral prednisolone in combination with high-dose pulse chlorambucil is good to excellent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E. Lingard
- Valentine Charlton Cat Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Katherine Briscoe
- Valentine Charlton Cat Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Julia A. Beatty
- Valentine Charlton Cat Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Antony S. Moore
- Veterinary Oncology Consultants, 379 Lake Innes Drive, Wauchope NSW 2446, Australia
| | | | - Mark Krockenberger
- Veterinary Pathology Diagnostic Services, Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Richard K. Churcher
- North Shore Veterinary Specialist Centre, 64 Atchison Street, Crows Nest NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Paul J. Canfield
- Veterinary Pathology Diagnostic Services, Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Vanessa R. Barrs
- Valentine Charlton Cat Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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Abstract
The following review is based on notes used in the teaching of clinical immunology to veterinary students. Immune diseases of the dog are placed into six different categories: (1) type I or allergic conditions; (2) type II or auto- and allo-antibody diseases; (3) type III or immune complex disorders; (4) type IV or cell-mediated immune diseases; (5) type V conditions or gammopathies; and (6) type VI or immunodeficiency disorders. Separate discussions of transplantation immunology and the use of drugs to regulate unwanted immune responses are also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- N C Pedersen
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis 95616, USA
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