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Liu Z, Wang J, Yang X, Wu Q, Wang Z, Yan H. Green construction of hydroxyl-functionalized magnetic porous organic framework for effective extraction of triazine herbicides from environmental water and watermelon juice samples. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1260:341222. [PMID: 37121655 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Triazine herbicides have been widely detected in water resources and food, which poses a potential hazard to both ecosystem and human health. Due to their high polarity, conventional adsorbents have limitations for their extractions. Herein, for the effective magnetic extraction of triazine herbicides, a novel and effective magnetic adsorbent was prepared with a satisfactory extraction performance. In the experiments, five porous organic frameworks (POFs) with hydroxyl functional groups were synthesized by diazo-coupling reactions in aqueous solution with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) as a green monomer. After evaluation of the five POFs, the DDM-CD-POF, which was synthesized with 4'4-diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM) and β-CD, showed the largest specific surface area and the best adsorption capacity for the five triazine herbicides. Then, it was magnetized by introducing Fe3O4@SiO2 into it to prepare a magnetic adsorbent (M-DDM-CD-POF) to facilitate separation and recycling. Finally, the M-DDM-CD-POF-based magnetic solid-phase extraction in combination with high performance liquid chromatographic detection method was established for the quantitative determination of the triazine herbicides in environmental water and watermelon juice samples. The current strategy showed low limits of detection of 0.03-0.11 ng mL-1 for environmental water and 0.07-0.22 ng mL-1 for watermelon juice sample. The method recoveries for spiked samples ranged from 84.0% to 113.0% with the relative standard deviations ≤8.8%. This work provides a new approach for the detection of the triazine herbicides with good application prospect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Juntao Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Xiumin Yang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Qiuhua Wu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China.
| | - Hongyuan Yan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China.
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Synthesis of molecular imprinted polymer nanoparticles followed by application of response surface methodology for optimization of metribuzin extraction from urine samples. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-018-0546-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Chen D, Zhang Y, Miao H, Zhao Y, Wu Y. Determination of Triazine Herbicides in Drinking Water by Dispersive Micro Solid Phase Extraction with Ultrahigh-Performance Liquid Chromatography-High-Resolution Mass Spectrometric Detection. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:9855-9862. [PMID: 26487365 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b03973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A novel dispersive micro solid phase extraction (DMSPE) method based on a polymer cation exchange material (PCX) was applied to the simultaneous determination of the 30 triazine herbicides in drinking water with ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometric detection. Drinking water samples were acidified with formic acid, and then triazines were adsorbed by the PCX sorbent. Subsequently, the analytes were eluted with ammonium hydroxide/acetonitrile. The chromatographic separation was performed on an HSS T3 column using water (4 mM ammonium formate and 0.1% formic acid) and acetonitrile (0.1% formic acid) as the mobile phase. The method achieved LODs of 0.2-30.0 ng/L for the 30 triazines, with recoveries in the range of 70.5-112.1%, and the precision of the method was better than 12.7%. These results indicated that the proposed method had the advantages of convenience and high efficiency when applied to the analysis of the 30 triazines in drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment , Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yiping Zhang
- Third Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration , Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China
| | - Hong Miao
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment , Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yunfeng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment , Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yongning Wu
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment , Beijing 100021, China
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Tolcha T, Merdassa Y, Megersa N. Low-density extraction solvent based solvent-terminated dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for quantitative determination of ionizable pesticides in environmental waters. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:1119-27. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2012] [Revised: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 12/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Teshome Tolcha
- Department of Chemistry; Addis Ababa University; Addis Ababa; Ethiopia
| | - Yared Merdassa
- Department of Chemistry; Addis Ababa University; Addis Ababa; Ethiopia
| | - Negussie Megersa
- Department of Chemistry; Addis Ababa University; Addis Ababa; Ethiopia
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Sanagi MM, Abbas HH, Ibrahim WAW, Aboul-Enien HY. Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction method based on solidification of floating organic droplet for the determination of triazine herbicides in water and sugarcane samples. Food Chem 2012; 133:557-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2011] [Accepted: 01/15/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Wu Q, Feng C, Zhao G, Wang C, Wang Z. Graphene-coated fiber for solid-phase microextraction of triazine herbicides in water samples. J Sep Sci 2011; 35:193-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201100740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2011] [Revised: 09/25/2011] [Accepted: 10/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Abstract
Triazine herbicides are very common and only 0.1 % reach the target pests, while the rest moves into other environmental compartments. Their fate in the environment depends on their movement through the air, water, and soil and on the rate of their degradation or transformation. Triazine compounds may be transformed by water, microorganisms, and sunlight. Widespread use and persistence of triazine herbicides in soil has resulted in contamination of surface, drinking, and even rain water with parent compounds and degradation products, posing a risk to the general population.The metabolism and effects of triazine herbicides have been studied in experimental animals and in experiments in vitro. There are only a few studies of their metabolism and excretion in humans. Agricultural and manufacturing workers are exposed to triazines during application and production. Human exposure is monitored by determining parent compounds and their metabolites in urine. Due to the low concentrations of urinary metabolites in occupationally exposed persons, very sensitive analytical methods are required. This paper describes the structure and properties of symmetric triazine herbicides, their metabolism, and effects in humans and animals and the levels of these compounds in the urine of occupationally exposed persons.
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Mou RX, Chen MX, Cao ZY, Zhu ZW. Simultaneous determination of triazine herbicides in rice by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution and high mass accuracy hybrid linear ion trap-orbitrap mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 706:149-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2011] [Accepted: 08/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Zhang S, Yang G, Zheng Z, Chen Y. On-Line Preconcentration and Analysis of Metribuzin Residues in Corn Fields by Use of a Molecularly Imprinted Polymer. Chromatographia 2009. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-008-0862-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Arrebola FJ, Cortes Aguado S, Sánchez‐Morito N, Garrido Frenich A, Martínez Vidal JL. Pesticide Residue Analysis in Waters by Solid‐Phase Microextraction Coupled to Gas Chromatography‐Tandem Mass Spectrometry. ANAL LETT 2004. [DOI: 10.1081/al-120027776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Kumazawa T, Lee XP, Sato K, Suzuki O. Solid-phase microextraction and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry in drug analysis. Anal Chim Acta 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(03)00680-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Krutz LJ, Senseman SA, Sciumbato AS. Solid-phase microextraction for herbicide determination in environmental samples. J Chromatogr A 2003; 999:103-21. [PMID: 12885056 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(02)01841-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Liquid-liquid extraction or solid-phase extraction followed by gas chromatography (GC) or high-performance liquid chromatography are traditional herbicide residue determination methods for environmental samples. Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) is a solventless, fast, and sensitive alternative herbicide residue extraction method that can be applied to numerous environmental matrices. The objective of this paper was to review SPME literature regarding extraction theory, extraction modes, fiber types, and method optimization in conjunction with present and future SPME applications for herbicide determination in environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Krutz
- Department of Soil & Crop Sciences, Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2474, USA.
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Mendas G, Drevenkar V, Zupancic-Kralj L. Solid-phase extraction with styrene-divinylbenzene sorbent for high-performance liquid or gas chromatographic determination of urinary chloro- and methylthiotriazines. J Chromatogr A 2001; 918:351-9. [PMID: 11407582 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)00768-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A solid-phase extraction (SPE) procedure on a styrene-divinylbenzene (SDB-1 cartridge) for extraction and cleaning of the triazine herbicides atrazine, simazine, ametryn, and prometryn and atrazine monodealkylated metabolites from urine samples was developed and optimised for final high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC-UV diode array detection) and gas chromatographic (GC-electron-capture detection and GC-thermionic-sensitive detection) analyses. Interfering polar matrices were eliminated by rinsing SDB-1 with 1% acetonitrile in water or with pure water. Extraction recoveries were from 78 to 101% with an RSD of about 10% for all studied compounds. The extraction recovery for the didealkylated atrazine metabolite was significantly lower and this compound cannot be determined with these procedures. Sorbent matrix generated interferences, although not detected by the chromatographic system, lowered the response of nitrogen-phosphorus and electron-capture GC detectors for monodealkylated chlorotriazines when compared to standards prepared in n-hexane. HPLC and GC analysis with SPE (SDB-1) preconcentration showed excellent linearity over the concentration range tested, with detection limits in urine of 10 ng ml(-1) for the parent herbicides (HPLC and GC analysis) and 20 ng ml(-1) for monodealkylated chlorotriazines (HPLC analysis).
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Affiliation(s)
- G Mendas
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
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