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Pizzi A, Dhaka A, Beccaria R, Resnati G. Anion⋯anion self-assembly under the control of σ- and π-hole bonds. Chem Soc Rev 2024. [PMID: 38867604 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00479a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
The electrostatic attraction between charges of opposite signs and the repulsion between charges of the same sign are ubiquitous and influential phenomena in recognition and self-assembly processes. However, it has been recently revealed that specific attractive forces between ions with the same sign are relatively common. These forces can be strong enough to overcome the Coulomb repulsion between ions with the same sign, leading to the formation of stable anion⋯anion and cation⋯cation adducts. Hydroden bonds (HBs) are probably the best-known interaction that can effectively direct these counterintuitive assembly processes. In this review we discuss how σ-hole and π-hole bonds can break the paradigm of electrostatic repulsion between like-charges and effectively drive the self-assembly of anions into discrete as well as one-, two-, or three-dimensional adducts. σ-Hole and π-hole bonds are the attractive forces between regions of excess electron density in molecular entities (e.g., lone pairs or π bond orbitals) and regions of depleted electron density that are localized at the outer surface of bonded atoms opposite to the σ covalent bonds formed by atoms (σ-holes) and above and below the planar portions of molecular entities (π-holes). σ- and π-holes can be present on many different elements of the p and d block of the periodic table and the self-assembly processes driven by their presence can thus involve a wide diversity of mono- and di-anions. The formed homomeric and heteromeric adducts are typically stable in the solid phase and in polar solvents but metastable or unstable in the gas phase. The pivotal role of σ- and π-hole bonds in controlling anion⋯anion self-assembly is described in key biopharmacological systems and in molecular materials endowed with useful functional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pizzi
- NFMLab, Department of Chemistry, Materials, Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7, I-20131 Milano, Italy.
| | - Arun Dhaka
- NFMLab, Department of Chemistry, Materials, Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7, I-20131 Milano, Italy.
| | - Roberta Beccaria
- NFMLab, Department of Chemistry, Materials, Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7, I-20131 Milano, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Resnati
- NFMLab, Department of Chemistry, Materials, Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7, I-20131 Milano, Italy.
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Lyssenko KA, Barzilovich PY, Nelyubina YV, Astaf’ev EA, Antipin MY, Aldoshin SM. Charge transfer and hydrogen bond energy in glycinium salts. Russ Chem Bull 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-009-0005-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Nelyubina YV, Lyssenko KA, Kotov VY, Antipin MY. Anion−Anion Assembly in Crystal of Sodium Nitroprusside. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:8790-6. [DOI: 10.1021/jp803394f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yulia V. Nelyubina
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991, Vavilov Str., 28, Moscow, Russia, and Department of Chemistry and Biology, Moscow City Pedagogical University, 105568, Chechulina str., 1, Moscow, Russia
| | - Konstantin A. Lyssenko
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991, Vavilov Str., 28, Moscow, Russia, and Department of Chemistry and Biology, Moscow City Pedagogical University, 105568, Chechulina str., 1, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vitalii Yu. Kotov
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991, Vavilov Str., 28, Moscow, Russia, and Department of Chemistry and Biology, Moscow City Pedagogical University, 105568, Chechulina str., 1, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail Yu. Antipin
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991, Vavilov Str., 28, Moscow, Russia, and Department of Chemistry and Biology, Moscow City Pedagogical University, 105568, Chechulina str., 1, Moscow, Russia
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