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Alizadeh-Meghrazi M, Ying B, Schlums A, Lam E, Eskandarian L, Abbas F, Sidhu G, Mahnam A, Moineau B, Popovic MR. Evaluation of dry textile electrodes for long-term electrocardiographic monitoring. Biomed Eng Online 2021; 20:68. [PMID: 34247646 PMCID: PMC8274056 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-021-00905-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Continuous long-term electrocardiography monitoring has been increasingly recognized for early diagnosis and management of different types of cardiovascular diseases. To find an alternative to Ag/AgCl gel electrodes that are improper for this application scenario, many efforts have been undertaken to develop novel flexible dry textile electrodes integrated into the everyday garments. With significant progresses made to address the potential issues (e.g., low signal-to-noise ratio, high skin–electrode impedance, motion artifact, and low durability), the lack of standard evaluation procedure hinders the further development of dry electrodes (mainly the design and optimization). Results A standard testing procedure and framework for skin–electrode impedance measurement is demonstrated for the development of novel dry textile electrodes. Different representative electrode materials have been screen-printed on textile substrates. To verify the performance of dry textile electrodes, impedance measurements are conducted on an agar skin model using a universal setup with consistent frequency and pressure. In addition, they are demonstrated for ECG signals acquisition, in comparison to those obtained using conventional gel electrodes. Conclusions Dry textile electrodes demonstrated similar impedance when in raised or flat structures. The tested pressure variations had an insignificant impact on electrode impedance. Looking at the effect of impedance on ECG signals, a noticeable effect on ECG signal performance metrics was not observed. Therefore, it is suggested that impedance alone is possibly not the primary indicator of signal quality. As well, the developed methods can also serve as useful guidelines for future textile dry-electrode design and testing for practical ECG monitoring applications. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12938-021-00905-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Alizadeh-Meghrazi
- KITE Research Institute, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute - University Health Network (UHN), Toronto, ON, Canada. .,The Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Myant Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Binbin Ying
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Myant Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alessandra Schlums
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.,Myant Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Emily Lam
- The Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Myant Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ladan Eskandarian
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Myant Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Farhana Abbas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Myant Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gurjant Sidhu
- Department of Nanotechnology Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.,Myant Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Milos R Popovic
- KITE Research Institute, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute - University Health Network (UHN), Toronto, ON, Canada.,The Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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2
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Silvera-Tawil D, Hussain MS, Li J. Emerging technologies for precision health: An insight into sensing technologies for health and wellbeing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smhl.2019.100100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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3
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Unconstrained Vital Sign Monitoring System Using an Aortic Pulse Wave Sensor. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17475. [PMID: 31767901 PMCID: PMC6877648 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53808-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper proposes a novel unconstrained monitoring system that measures heart and respiratory rates and evaluates autonomic nervous activity based on heart rate variability. The proposed system measures the aortic pulse waves (APWs) of a patient via an APW sensor that comprises a single microphone integrated into a mattress. Vital signs (i.e., heart rate, respiratory rate) and autonomic nervous activity were analyzed using the measured APWs. In an experiment with supine and seated participants, vital signs calculated by the proposed system were compared with vital signs measured with commercial devices, and we obtained the correlations of r > 0.8 for the heart rates, r > 0.7 for the respiratory rates, and r > 0.8 for the heart rate variability indices. These results indicate that the proposed system can produce accurate vital sign measurements. In addition, we performed the experiment of image stimulus presentation and explored the relationships between the self-reported psychological states evoked by the stimulus and the measured vital signs. The results indicated that vital signs reflect psychological states. In conclusion, the proposed system demonstrated its ability to monitor health conditions by actions as simple as sitting or lying on the APW sensor.
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Gambhir SS, Ge TJ, Vermesh O, Spitler R. Toward achieving precision health. Sci Transl Med 2019; 10:10/430/eaao3612. [PMID: 29491186 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aao3612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Health care systems primarily focus on patients after they present with disease, not before. The emerging field of precision health encourages disease prevention and earlier detection by monitoring health and disease based on an individual's risk. Active participation in health care can be encouraged with continuous health-monitoring devices, providing a higher-resolution picture of human health and disease. However, the development of monitoring technologies must prioritize the collection of actionable data and long-term user engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjiv Sam Gambhir
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. .,Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.,Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.,Department of Bioengineering and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - T Jessie Ge
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Precision Health and Integrated Diagnostics Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ophir Vermesh
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ryan Spitler
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Bioengineering and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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5
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Wearable and Flexible Textile Electrodes for Biopotential Signal Monitoring: A review. ELECTRONICS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/electronics8050479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Wearable electronics is a rapidly growing field that recently started to introduce successful commercial products into the consumer electronics market. Employment of biopotential signals in wearable systems as either biofeedbacks or control commands are expected to revolutionize many technologies including point of care health monitoring systems, rehabilitation devices, human–computer/machine interfaces (HCI/HMIs), and brain–computer interfaces (BCIs). Since electrodes are regarded as a decisive part of such products, they have been studied for almost a decade now, resulting in the emergence of textile electrodes. This study presents a systematic review of wearable textile electrodes in physiological signal monitoring, with discussions on the manufacturing of conductive textiles, metrics to assess their performance as electrodes, and an investigation of their application in the acquisition of critical biopotential signals for routine monitoring, assessment, and exploitation of cardiac (electrocardiography, ECG), neural (electroencephalography, EEG), muscular (electromyography, EMG), and ocular (electrooculography, EOG) functions.
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6
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Takano M, Yamagishi S, Ohmuta T, Fukuoka Y, Ueno A. Non-Contact Simultaneous Measurements of Electrocardiogram and Respiratory Movements Using Capacitive Sheet Electrodes. ADVANCED BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2017. [DOI: 10.14326/abe.6.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mayuko Takano
- Master's Program in Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Tokyo Denki University
| | | | - Takao Ohmuta
- Department of Clinical Engineering, Faculty of Medical Engineering, Suzuka University of Medical Science
| | - Yutaka Fukuoka
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kogakuin University
| | - Akinori Ueno
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, Tokyo Denki University
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7
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A Wearable System for the Evaluation of the Human-Horse Interaction: A Preliminary Study. ELECTRONICS 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/electronics5040063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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8
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Haux R, Koch S, Lovell N, Marschollek M, Nakashima N, Wolf KH. Health-Enabling and Ambient Assistive Technologies: Past, Present, Future. Yearb Med Inform 2016; Suppl 1:S76-91. [PMID: 27362588 PMCID: PMC5171510 DOI: 10.15265/iys-2016-s008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the last decades, health-enabling and ambient assistive technologies became of considerable relevance for new informatics-based forms of diagnosis, prevention, and therapy. OBJECTIVES To describe the state of the art of health-enabling and ambient assistive technologies in 1992 and today, and its evolution over the last 25 years as well as to project where the field is expected to be in the next 25 years. In the context of this review, we define health-enabling and ambient assistive technologies as ambiently used sensor-based information and communication technologies, aiming at contributing to a person's health and health care as well as to her or his quality of life. METHODS Systematic review of all original articles with research focus in all volumes of the IMIA Yearbook of Medical Informatics. Surveying authors independently on key projects and visions as well as on their lessons learned in the context of health-enabling and ambient assistive technologies and summarizing their answers. Surveying authors independently on their expectations for the future and summarizing their answers. RESULTS IMIA Yearbook papers containing statements on health-enabling and ambient assistive technologies appear first in 2002. These papers form a minor part of published research articles in medical informatics. However, during recent years the number of articles published has increased significantly. Key projects were identified. There was a clear progress on the use of technologies. However proof of diagnostic relevance and therapeutic efficacy remains still limited. Reforming health care processes and focussing more on patient needs are required. CONCLUSIONS Health-enabling and ambient assistive technologies remain an important field for future health care and for interdisciplinary research. More and more publications assume that a person's home and their interaction therein, are becoming important components in health care provision, assessment, and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Haux
- Peter L. Reichertz Institute for Medical Informatics, University of Braunschweig - Institute of Technology and Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - S. Koch
- Health Informatics Centre, LIME, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - N.H. Lovell
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - M. Marschollek
- Peter L. Reichertz Institute for Medical Informatics, University of Braunschweig - Institute of Technology and Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - N. Nakashima
- Medical Information Center, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - K.-H. Wolf
- Peter L. Reichertz Institute for Medical Informatics, University of Braunschweig - Institute of Technology and Hannover Medical School, Germany
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9
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Heart Rate Variability Monitoring during Sleep Based on Capacitively Coupled Textile Electrodes on a Bed. SENSORS 2015; 15:11295-311. [PMID: 26007716 PMCID: PMC4481948 DOI: 10.3390/s150511295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we developed and tested a capacitively coupled electrocardiogram (ECG) measurement system using conductive textiles on a bed, for long-term healthcare monitoring. The system, which was designed to measure ECG in a bed with no constraints of sleep position and posture, included a foam layer to increase the contact region with the curvature of the body and a cover to ensure durability and easy installation. Nine healthy subjects participated in the experiment during polysomnography (PSG), and the heart rate (HR) coverage and heart rate variability (HRV) parameters were analyzed to evaluate the system. The experimental results showed that the mean of R-peak coverage was 98.0% (95.5%–99.7%), and the normalized errors of HRV time and spectral measures between the Ag/AgCl system and our system ranged from 0.15% to 4.20%. The root mean square errors for inter-beat (RR) intervals and HR were 1.36 ms and 0.09 bpm, respectively. We also showed the potential of our developed system for rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and wake detection as well as for recording of abnormal states.
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10
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Tamura T, Chen W. Seamless Monitoring of Physiological Information in Daily Life: Retrospectives and Perspectives. ADVANCED BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2015. [DOI: 10.14326/abe.4.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyo Tamura
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Osaka Electro-Communication University
| | - Wenxi Chen
- Biomedical Information Technology Lab., Research Center for Advanced Information Science and Technology, The University of Aizu
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11
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Nambu K, Muragaki Y, Sakurai Y, Iseki H. Correlation between surgical manipulations and the variation of surgeon's heart rate in brain surgery: technical note. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 2014; 54:486-9. [PMID: 24257543 PMCID: PMC4533453 DOI: 10.2176/nmc.tn2013-0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
For improvement of surgical performance and safety, we record surgeries by video cameras. However, analysis of the video records is time consuming. To help this task, we are developing methods to automatically mark up significant time points in the surgery. As a possible mean for the marking, we focused on the surgeon's heart rate. During a craniotomy of an intracranial glioma, we recorded the surgeon's electrocardiogram using a telemeter and measured the R-to-R interval (RRI). We detected the stable state of heart rate as a peak-to-peak RRI of less than 5% of the mean of RRI data from 15 consecutive heartbeats. We also quantified the frequency of brain touches by the surgeon under the surgical microscope. We examined the association between the stability of surgeon's heart rate and the brain touches using a chi-square test. As the result, the stable state of surgeon's heart rate was associated with the brain touches (p < 0.05, odds ratio 5.1). We edited a one-minute digest video of the surgery based on only the heart rate data, and it was sufficient to understand how the surgery was preceded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyojiro Nambu
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University
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12
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Baig MM, Gholamhosseini H. Smart health monitoring systems: an overview of design and modeling. J Med Syst 2013; 37:9898. [PMID: 23321968 DOI: 10.1007/s10916-012-9898-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Health monitoring systems have rapidly evolved during the past two decades and have the potential to change the way health care is currently delivered. Although smart health monitoring systems automate patient monitoring tasks and, thereby improve the patient workflow management, their efficiency in clinical settings is still debatable. This paper presents a review of smart health monitoring systems and an overview of their design and modeling. Furthermore, a critical analysis of the efficiency, clinical acceptability, strategies and recommendations on improving current health monitoring systems will be presented. The main aim is to review current state of the art monitoring systems and to perform extensive and an in-depth analysis of the findings in the area of smart health monitoring systems. In order to achieve this, over fifty different monitoring systems have been selected, categorized, classified and compared. Finally, major advances in the system design level have been discussed, current issues facing health care providers, as well as the potential challenges to health monitoring field will be identified and compared to other similar systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirza Mansoor Baig
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand,
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13
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14
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Peltokangas M, Verho J, Vehkaoja A. Night-Time EKG and HRV Monitoring With Bed Sheet Integrated Textile Electrodes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 16:935-42. [DOI: 10.1109/titb.2012.2208982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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15
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Motoi K, Ogawa M, Ueno H, Kuwae Y, Ikarashi A, Yuji T, Higashi Y, Tanaka S, Fujimoto T, Asanoi H, Yamakoshi KI. A fully automated health-care monitoring at home without attachment of any biological sensors and its clinical evaluation. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2010; 2009:4323-6. [PMID: 19964354 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2009.5333712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Daily monitoring of health condition is important for an effective scheme for early diagnosis, treatment and prevention of lifestyle-related diseases such as adiposis, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and other diseases. Commercially available devices for health care monitoring at home are cumbersome in terms of self-attachment of biological sensors and self-operation of the devices. From this viewpoint, we have been developing a non-conscious physiological monitor installed in a bath, a lavatory, and a bed for home health care and evaluated its measurement accuracy by simultaneous recordings of a biological sensors directly attached to the body surface. In order to investigate its applicability to health condition monitoring, we have further developed a new monitoring system which can automatically monitor and store the health condition data. In this study, by evaluation on 3 patients with cardiac infarct or sleep apnea syndrome, patients' health condition such as body and excretion weight in the toilet and apnea and hypopnea during sleeping were successfully monitored, indicating that the system appears useful for monitoring the health condition during daily living.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Motoi
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192 Japan.
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Yung-Ming Kuo, Jiann-Shu Lee, Pau-Choo Chung. A Visual Context-Awareness-Based Sleeping-Respiration Measurement System. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 14:255-65. [DOI: 10.1109/titb.2009.2036168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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17
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Baek HJ, Kim JS, Kim KK, Park KS. System for unconstrained ECG measurement on a toilet seat using capacitive coupled electrodes : the efficacy and practicality. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2009; 2008:2326-8. [PMID: 19163167 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2008.4649664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Home healthcare is a common matter of concern to modern people. For the successful home healthcare, unconstrained bio-signal monitoring is important. Previously, unconstrained lavatory typed ECG measurement system was developed. It is enough to measure subject's ECG signal non-intrusively, but not practical because of moist environment of toilet. In this study, capacitive coupled electrode was employed for overcome above disadvantages. ECG was obtained by capacitive coupled electrode and compared with ECGs obtained from conventional Ag/AgCl electrode. Possible motion artifacts were investigated. Experimental results showed that toilet based capacitive coupled ECG signal was measured successfully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jae Baek
- Seoul National University, Graduate School, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Hong S, Yang Y, Kim S, Shin S, Lee I, Jang Y, Kim K, Yi H, Lee J. Performance Study of the Wearable One-Lead Wireless Electrocardiographic Monitoring System. Telemed J E Health 2009; 15:166-75. [PMID: 19292626 DOI: 10.1089/tmj.2008.0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sungyoup Hong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yougmo Yang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghwan Kim
- Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, U-Health Research Team, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungcheol Shin
- Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, U-Health Research Team, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Inbum Lee
- Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, U-Health Research Team, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongwon Jang
- Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, U-Health Research Team, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiseong Kim
- Laxtha, Laxtha Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwayeon Yi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chungnam University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jangyoung Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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An improved algorithm for respiration signal extraction from electrocardiogram measured by conductive textile electrodes using instantaneous frequency estimation. Med Biol Eng Comput 2008; 46:147-58. [PMID: 18210178 PMCID: PMC2668578 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-007-0302-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2007] [Accepted: 12/07/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, an improved algorithm for the extraction of respiration signal from the electrocardiogram (ECG) in home healthcare is proposed. The whole system consists of two-lead electrocardiogram acquisition using conductive textile electrodes located in bed, baseline fluctuation elimination, R-wave detection, adjustment of sudden change in R-wave area using moving average, and optimal lead selection. In order to solve the problems of previous algorithms for the ECG-derived respiration (EDR) signal acquisition, we are proposing a method for the optimal lead selection. An optimal EDR signal among the three EDR signals derived from each lead (and arctangent of their ratio) is selected by estimating the instantaneous frequency using the Hilbert transform, and then choosing the signal with minimum variation of the instantaneous frequency. The proposed algorithm was tested on 15 male subjects, and we obtained satisfactory respiration signals that showed high correlation (r2 > 0.8) with the signal acquired from the chest-belt respiration sensor.
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Motoi K, Kubota S, Ikarashi A, Nogawa M, Tanaka S, Nemoto T, Yamakoshi K. Development of a fully automated network system for long-term health-care monitoring at home. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2007; 2007:1826-9. [PMID: 18002335 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2007.4352669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Daily monitoring of health condition at home is very important not only as an effective scheme for early diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular and other diseases, but also for prevention and control of such diseases. From this point of view, we have developed a prototype room for fully automated monitoring of various vital signs. From the results of preliminary experiments using this room, it was confirmed that (1) ECG and respiration during bathing, (2) excretion weight and blood pressure, and (3) respiration and cardiac beat during sleep could be monitored with reasonable accuracy by the sensor system installed in bathtub, toilet and bed, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Motoi
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.
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21
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Ishijima M. Unobtrusive approaches to monitoring vital signs at home. Med Biol Eng Comput 2007; 45:1137-41. [PMID: 17899237 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-007-0256-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2007] [Accepted: 09/07/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Monitoring of vital signs such as those by electrocardiogram (ECG) or respiratory activities everyday is significant even for healthy people since it would help locate acute or undetermined disorders before they become fatal. Monitoring of vital signs is done with sensors installed in household furniture or appliances, which come into direct contact with the body unobtrusively in everyday life. The data acquired with this modality are sometimes contaminated by various artifacts. Statistical procedures, however, extract meaningful outcome as the amount of data generated is enormous. A long-term monitoring on the stress ECG with this modality for 2 years was investigated. The result revealed a biological cycle wherein the recovery speed from the stress slowed down. It suggests that the unobtrusive monitoring produces a long-term health data that enable predicting of possible disorders in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masa Ishijima
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Musashi Institute of Technology, 1-28 Tama-Zutsumi, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan.
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22
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Ueno A, Akabane Y, Kato T, Hoshino H, Kataoka S, Ishiyama Y. Capacitive sensing of electrocardiographic potential through cloth from the dorsal surface of the body in a supine position: a preliminary study. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2007; 54:759-66. [PMID: 17405385 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2006.889201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A method for obtaining electrocardiographic potential through thin cloth inserted between the measuring electrodes and the skin of a subject's dorsal surface when lying supine has been proposed. The method is based on capacitive coupling involving the electrode, the cloth, and the skin. Examination of a pilot device which employed the method revealed the following: (1) In spite of the gain attenuation in the high frequency region, the proposed method was considered useful for monitoring electrogardiogram (ECG) for nondiagnostic purpose. (2) The method was able to yield a stable ECG from a subject at rest for at least 7 h, and there was no significant adverse effect of long-term measurement on the quality of the signal obtained. (3) Electrode area was the factor that had most influence on the signal, compared with other factors such as cloth thickness and coupling pressure, but could be reduced to 10 cm2 for heart rate detection. (4) Input capacitance of the device was assumed to be the dominant factor for the gain attenuation in the high frequency region, and should be reduced with a view to diagnostic use. Although there is still room for improvement in terms of practical use, the proposed method appears promising for application to bedding as a noninvasive and awareness-free method for ECG monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinori Ueno
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Tokyo Denki University, Ishizaka, Hatoyama-machi, Saitama 350-0394, Japan.
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Watanabe K, Watanabe T, Watanabe H, Ando H, Ishikawa T, Kobayashi K. Noninvasive Measurement of Heartbeat, Respiration, Snoring and Body Movements of a Subject in Bed via a Pneumatic Method. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2005; 52:2100-7. [PMID: 16366233 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2005.857637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a noninvasive pneumatics-based system by which to measure heartbeat, respiration, snoring, and body movements of a subject in bed. A thin, air-sealed cushion is placed under the bed mattress of the subject and the small movements attributable to human automatic vital functions are measured as changes in pressure using a pressure sensor having an almost flat frequency response from 0.1 to 5 kHz and a sensitivity of 56 mV/Pa. Using the newly developed system, heartbeat, respiration, apnea, snoring and body movements are clearly measured. In addition, the optimal signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio by which to evaluate the reliability of the heart rate measurement is presented. Heart rates were measured for four different body postures, 13 different subjects, four different bed mattresses, and three different sensor positions. For these measurements, the S/N ratios ranged from 15.9 to 23.5 dB, and so were determined to be reliable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kajiro Watanabe
- System Control Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Hosei University, 3-7-2 Kajinocho Koganei, Tokyo 184-8584, Japan.
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Koch S. Home telehealth--current state and future trends. Int J Med Inform 2005; 75:565-76. [PMID: 16298545 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2005.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2005] [Revised: 09/05/2005] [Accepted: 09/06/2005] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this paper is to give an overview about the state of the art in research on home telehealth in an international perspective. METHOD The study is based on a review of the scientific literature published between 1990 and 2003 and retrieved via Medline in January/February 2004. All together, the abstracts of 578 publications have been analyzed. RESULTS The majority of publications (44%) comes from the United States, followed by UK and Japan. Most publications deal with vital sign parameter (VSP) measurement and audio/video consultations ("virtual visits"). Publications about IT tools for improved information access and communication as well as decision support for staff, patients and relatives are relatively sparse. Clinical application domains are mainly chronic diseases, the elderly population and paediatrics. CONCLUSIONS Internationally, we observe a trend towards tools and services not only for professionals but also for patients and citizens. However, their impact on the patient-provider relationship and their design for special user groups, such as elderly and/or disabled needs to be further explored. In general, evaluation studies are rare and further research is critical to determine the impacts and benefits, and limitations, of potential solutions and to overcome a number of hinders and restrictions, such as - the lack of standards to combine incompatible information systems; - the lack of an evaluation framework considering legal, ethical, organisational, clinical, usability and technical aspects; - the lack of proper guidelines for practical implementation of home telehealth solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Koch
- Centre for eHealth, Uppsala University, Uppsala University Hospital 82/1, S-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Niizeki K, Nishidate I, Uchida K, Kuwahara M. Unconstrained cardiorespiratory and body movement monitoring system for home care. Med Biol Eng Comput 2005; 43:716-24. [PMID: 16594297 DOI: 10.1007/bf02430948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
An unconstrained respiratory rate (RR) and heart rate (HR) monitoring system to be used during sleeping is proposed. The system consisted of eight polyvinylidene fluoride cable sensors, charge amplifiers and measuring software, together with an analogue-to-digital converter unit. The cable sensors were horizontally embedded into a textile sheet on a bed surface covering the upper half of the body. The digital infinite impulse response filters were constructed to extract cardiorespiratory signals from displacement of the sensors. The system software automatically searched the optimum sensor(s) based on the power of the respective filter outputs. Then, the system obtained the 5 s average HR and 15 s average RR by measuring the intervals between the peaks of the respective autocorrelation functions of the filtered output. If the subject changed his posture, the system captured the image of the body position as a time stamp using a CCD camera. To show the validity of this method, the HR and RR obtained by this monitor were compared with those simultaneously measured using respiratory flow and an electrocardiogram. The results showed that the mean frame-by-frame difference ranged from -1.2 to 0.2 beats min(-1) for the HR and, for RR, ranged from -0.8 to 1.4 breath min(-1) during the short-term recordings. Similar differences were obtained during the first 2 h of overnight recordings. The proposed system is feasible for the combined long-term monitoring of a person's RR and HR with sleep posture changes and may be helpful for practical use in the home.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Niizeki
- Department of Bio-System Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yamagata University, Yonezawa, Japan.
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Tanaka S, Matsumoto Y, Wakimoto K. Unconstrained and non-invasive measurement of heart-beat and respiration periods using a phonocardiographic sensor. Med Biol Eng Comput 2002; 40:246-52. [PMID: 12043808 DOI: 10.1007/bf02348132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
With the rapid growth in the number of elderly people in the population, interest in health monitoring is increasing. Therefore the development of an unconstrained and non-invasive vital signs measurement system could be important for monitoring health status at home or in hospitals or nursing facilities. A simple system is proposed for measuring heart-beat and respiration periods for home healthcare. This was achieved with a phonocardiographic (PCG) sensor set on a water-mat or air-mat. The PCG sensor was an acceleration sensor that extracted the vibration of the mat caused by heart-beat and respiration. By calculating an autocorrelation function of the fully rectified sensor output or by local pattern matching between the rectified output and a reference signal (pre-memorised for each subject), the system measured the average and instantaneous periods of both heart-beat and respiration. Results showed that these periods were measured to a similar level of accuracy as for the electrocardiogram and thermistor respiration pickup. The comparative accuracies were within the following ranges: average heartbeat 0.19% to 0.67%, instantaneous heartbeat 0.53% to 1.15%, average respiration 0.51% to 2.17%, and instantaneous respiration 2.51% to 5.20%.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tanaka
- Faculty of Engineering, Yamaguchi University, Japan
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Nakajim K, Matsumoto Y, Tamura T. Development of real-time image sequence analysis for evaluating posture change and respiratory rate of a subject in bed. Physiol Meas 2001; 22:N21-8. [PMID: 11556682 DOI: 10.1088/0967-3334/22/3/401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
An image sequence analysis technique was developed to evaluate posture change and respiratory rate of a subject in bed without any physical contact. Although the image sequence analysis requires many calculations, the system can perform them in real time. The system consisted of a CCD video camera and a PC equipped with a high-speed image processor. To evaluate the system, we tested it on five subjects at a nursing home. The system evaluated 99.4% of the movements of subjects during the total monitoring time (about 61 hours). The waveform was flat when the subject was out of view of the video camera. The system has the possibility of evaluating not only posture changes and respiratory rate. but also sleeping patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Nakajim
- Department of Gerontechnology, National Institute for Longevity Sciences, Obu, Aichi, Japan.
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Abstract
The aim of this study was to provide health monitoring for elderly and disabled persons at home by using fully automated signal measurement with personal identification to support daily health care and improve quality of life. We attempted to develop a home health monitoring system that did not provide any restrictions during sleep, bathing or elimination. A bedroom, bathroom, and separate toilet were built. The system consisted of monitoring devices and a computer terminal for collecting data. Data were automatically collected from monitoring devices placed in the bed, bath, and toilet and were transferred to a data terminal in the bedroom and stored for further analysis. The system was tested by a young healthy subject who stayed overnight in the rooms. Data were obtained without any trouble. The data acquisition system is now being used in experimental rooms in our laboratory and in a house located in Takaoka City, Toyama Pref. Japan. Data are being extensively collected.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Tamura
- Institute for Medical and Dental Engineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Chiyoda Tokyo, Japan.
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