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Desmet S, Van Laere K, Van Huylenbroeck J, Geelen D, De Keyser E, Dhooghe E. Molecular and cytogenetic characterization of Osteospermum fruticosum lines harboring wild type pRi rol genes. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0306905. [PMID: 39298448 PMCID: PMC11412668 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0306905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Transgenic lines engineered through wild type Rhizobium rhizogenes display an altered phenotype known as the Ri phenotype. This phenotype includes a more compact plant habit, which has proved useful to obtain more compact varieties that require less chemical growth regulation. Here, we develop a method for the molecular and cytogenetic characterization of Cape daisy (Osteospermum fruticosum Norl.) Ri lines in order to predict segregation of pRi T-DNA genes. Analysis of copy number variation (CNV) by means of digital PCR indicated large variation in the copy number of the inserted root oncogenic loci (rol) genes, ranging from 1 to more than 15 copies. In addition, up to 9 copies of the auxin biosynthesis genes (aux) were present in a single Ri line. Visualization of pRiA4 and pRi1724 rol and aux insertion in 4 Ri lines was performed through Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization. The number of rol integrated loci varied from 1 to 3 loci. In contrast, the different TR-gene copies were confined to a single locus which consistently co-localized with a TL locus, this was demonstrated for the first time. Based on CNV and FISH a single Ri line, harboring 7 pRi1724 rol gene copies dispersed over 3 integration loci, was selected for breeding. Copy number segregation in R1 progeny of 2, 3, 4 and 5 pRi1724 copies was confirmed, indicating that the evaluation of the breeding value of first generation Ri lines is possible through CNV and FISH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siel Desmet
- Plant Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Melle, Belgium
- Department Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Katrijn Van Laere
- Plant Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Melle, Belgium
| | - Johan Van Huylenbroeck
- Plant Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Melle, Belgium
| | - Danny Geelen
- Department Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ellen De Keyser
- Plant Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Melle, Belgium
| | - Emmy Dhooghe
- Plant Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Melle, Belgium
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Rhizogenic agrobacteria as an innovative tool for plant breeding: current achievements and limitations. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:2435-2451. [PMID: 32002599 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10403-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Compact plant growth is an economically important trait for many crops. In practice, compactness is frequently obtained by applying chemical plant growth regulators. In view of sustainable and environmental-friendly plant production, the search for viable alternatives is a priority for breeders. Co-cultivation and natural transformation using rhizogenic agrobacteria result in morphological alterations which together compose the Ri phenotype. This phenotype is known to exhibit a more compact plant habit, besides other features. In this review, we highlight the use of rhizogenic agrobacteria and the Ri phenotype with regard to sustainable plant production and plant breeding. An overview of described Ri lines and current breeding applications is presented. The potential of Ri lines as pre-breeding material is discussed from both a practical and legal point of view.
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Bogdanović M, Cankar K, Dragićević M, Bouwmeester H, Beekwilder J, Simonović A, Todorović S. Silencing of germacrene A synthase genes reduces guaianolide oxalate content in Cichorium intybus L. GM CROPS & FOOD 2019; 11:54-66. [PMID: 31668117 PMCID: PMC7064209 DOI: 10.1080/21645698.2019.1681868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) is a medicinal and industrial plant from the Asteraceae family that produces a variety of sesquiterpene lactones (STLs), most importantly bitter guaianolides: lactucin, lactucopicrin and 8-deoxylactucin as well as their modified forms such as oxalates. These compounds have medicinal properties; however, they also hamper the extraction of inulin - a very important food industry product from chicory roots. The first step in guaianolide biosynthesis is catalyzed by germacrene A synthase (GAS) which in chicory exists in two isoforms - GAS long (encoded by CiGASlo) and GAS short (encoded by CiGASsh). AmiRNA silencing was used to obtain plants with reduced GAS gene expression and level of downstream metabolites, guaianolide-15-oxalates, as the major STLs in chicory. This approach could be beneficial for engineering new chicory varieties with varying STL content, and especially varieties with reduced bitter compounds more suitable for inulin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Bogdanović
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”- National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | | | - Milan Dragićević
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”- National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | - Harro Bouwmeester
- Plant Hormone Biology group, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ana Simonović
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”- National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | - Slađana Todorović
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”- National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
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Roychowdhury D, Halder M, Jha S. Agrobacterium rhizogenes-Mediated Transformation in Medicinal Plants: Genetic Stability in Long-Term Culture. REFERENCE SERIES IN PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-28669-3_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Matvieieva N, Shakhovsky A, Kvasko O, Kuchuk N. High frequency genetic transformation of Cichorium intybus L. using nptll gene as a selective marker. CYTOL GENET+ 2015. [DOI: 10.3103/s0095452715040052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Roychowdhury D, Ghosh B, Chaubey B, Jha S. Genetic and morphological stability of six-year-old transgenic Tylophora indica plants. THE NUCLEUS 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13237-013-0084-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Lütken H, Clarke JL, Müller R. Genetic engineering and sustainable production of ornamentals: current status and future directions. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2012; 31:1141-57. [PMID: 22527196 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-012-1265-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Revised: 04/10/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Through the last decades, environmentally and health-friendly production methods and conscientious use of resources have become crucial for reaching the goal of a more sustainable plant production. Protection of the environment requires careful consumption of limited resources and reduction of chemicals applied during production of ornamental plants. Numerous chemicals used in modern plant production have negative impacts on human health and are hazardous to the environment. In Europe, several compounds have lost their approval and further legal restrictions can be expected. This review presents the more recent progress of genetic engineering in ornamental breeding, delivers an overview of the biological background of the used technologies and critically evaluates the usefulness of the strategies to obtain improved ornamental plants. First, genetic engineering is addressed as alternative to growth retardants, comprising recombinant DNA approaches targeting relevant hormone pathways, e.g. the gibberellic acid (GA) pathway. A reduced content of active GAs causes compact growth and can be facilitated by either decreased anabolism, increased catabolism or altered perception. Moreover, compactness can be accomplished by using a natural transformation approach without recombinant DNA technology. Secondly, metabolic engineering approaches targeting elements of the ethylene signal transduction pathway are summarized as a possible alternative to avoid the use of chemical ethylene inhibitors. In conclusion, molecular breeding approaches are dealt with in a way allowing a critical biological assessment and enabling the scientific community and public to put genetic engineering of ornamental plants into a perspective regarding their usefulness in plant breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Lütken
- Crop Sciences, Department of Agriculture and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkegård Alle 9, 2630 Taastrup, Denmark.
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Hendrawati O, Hille J, Woerdenbag HJ, Quax WJ, Kayser O. In vitro regeneration of wild chervil (Anthriscus sylvestris L.). IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY. PLANT : JOURNAL OF THE TISSUE CULTURE ASSOCIATION 2012; 48:355-361. [PMID: 22719203 PMCID: PMC3375414 DOI: 10.1007/s11627-011-9410-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2011] [Accepted: 09/12/2011] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Anthriscus sylvestris (L.) Hoffm. (Apiaceae) is a common wild plant that accumulates the lignan deoxypodophyllotoxin. Deoxypodophyllotoxin can be hydroxylated at the C-7 position in recombinant organisms yielding podophyllotoxin, which is used as a semi-synthetic precursor for the anticancer drugs, etoposide phosphate and teniposide. As in vitro regeneration of A. sylvestris has not yet been reported, development of a regeneration protocol for A. sylvestris would be useful as a micropropagation tool and for metabolic engineering of the plant. Calli were induced from hypocotyl explants and transferred to shoot induction medium containing zeatin riboside. Regenerated shoots were obtained within 6 mo and were transferred onto growth regulator-free root induction medium containing 1% sucrose. Regenerated plants transferred to soil and acclimatized in a greenhouse. Plants were transferred to the field with a 100% survival rate. Regenerated plants flowered and were fully fertile. This is the first report of complete regeneration of A. sylvestris via shoot organogenesis from callus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oktavia Hendrawati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jacques Hille
- Department of Molecular Biology of Plants, University of Groningen, Kerklaan 30, 9751 NN Haren, The Netherlands
| | - Herman J. Woerdenbag
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wim J. Quax
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Oliver Kayser
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Technical Biochemistry, Technical University Dortmund, Emil-Figge-Strasse 66, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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Vegetables. BIOTECHNOLOGY IN AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY 2010. [PMCID: PMC7121345 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-02391-0_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The conscious promotion of health by an appropriate, balanced diet has become an important social request. Vegetable thereby possesses a special importance due to its high vitamin, mineral and dietary fibre content. Major progress has been made over the past few years in the transformation of vegetables. The expression of several genes has been inhibited by sense gene suppression, and new traits caused by new gene constructs are stably inherited. This chapter reviews advances in various traits such as disease resistance, abiotic stress tolerance, quality improvement, pharmaceutical and industrial application. Results are presented from most important vegetable families, like Solanaceae, Brassicaceae, Fabaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Asteraceae, Apiaceae, Chenopodiaceae and Liliaceae. Although many research trends in this report are positive, only a few transgenic vegetables have been released from confined into precommercial testing or into use.
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Casanova E, Trillas MI, Moysset L, Vainstein A. Influence of rol genes in floriculture. Biotechnol Adv 2005; 23:3-39. [PMID: 15610964 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2004.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2004] [Revised: 06/11/2004] [Accepted: 06/11/2004] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Traditionally, new traits have been introduced into ornamental plants through classical breeding. However, genetic engineering now enables specific alterations of single traits in already successful varieties. New or improved varieties of floricultural crops can be obtained by acting on floral traits, such as color, shape or fragrance, on vase life in cut-flower species, and on rooting potential or overall plant morphology. Overexpression of the rol genes of the Ri plasmid of Agrobacterium rhizogenes in plants alters several of the plant's developmental processes and affects their architecture. Both A. rhizogenes- and rol-transgenic plants display the "hairy-root phenotype", although specific differences are found between species and between transgenic lines. In general, these plants show a dwarfed phenotype, reduced apical dominance, smaller, wrinkled leaves, increased rooting, altered flowering and reduced fertility. Among the rol genes, termed rolA, B, C and D, rolC has been the most widely studied because its effects are the most advantageous in terms of improving ornamental and horticultural traits. In addition to the dwarfness and the increase in lateral shoots that lead to a bushy phenotype, rolC-plants display more, smaller flowers, and advanced flowering; surprisingly, these plants may have better rooting capacity and they show almost no undesirable traits. rolD, the least studied among the rol genes, offers promising applications due to its promotion of flowering. Although the biochemical functions of rol genes remain poorly understood, they are useful tools for improving ornamental flowers, as their expression in transgenic plants yields many beneficial traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Casanova
- Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Unitat de Fisiologia Vegetal, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avgda. Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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Limami, Sun, Douat, Helgeson, Tepfer. Natural genetic transformation by agrobacterium rhizogenes . Annual flowering in two biennials, belgian endive and carrot. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1998; 118:543-50. [PMID: 9765539 PMCID: PMC34829 DOI: 10.1104/pp.118.2.543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/1998] [Accepted: 07/09/1998] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Genetic transformation of Belgian endive (Cichorium intybus) and carrot (Daucus carota) by Agrobacterium rhizogenes resulted in a transformed phenotype, including annual flowering. Back-crossing of transformed (R1) endive plants produced a line that retained annual flowering in the absence of the other traits associated with A. rhizogenes transformation. Annualism was correlated with the segregation of a truncated transferred DNA (T-DNA) insertion. During vegetative growth, carbohydrate reserves accumulated normally in these annuals, and they were properly mobilized prior to anthesis. The effects of individual root-inducing left-hand T-DNA genes on flowering were tested in carrot, in which rolC (root locus) was the primary promoter of annualism and rolD caused extreme dwarfism. We discuss the possible adaptive significance of this attenuation of the phenotypic effects of root-inducing left-hand T-DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limami
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Federation Nationale de Producteurs d'Endive and Laboratoire du Metabolisme et de la Nutrition des Plantes, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, 78026, Versailles, cedex, France
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