Augmentation of antitumor effect by combined administration with interleukin-2 and sizofiran, a single glucan, on murine EL-4 lymphoma

Renewable sources: applications in personal care formulations

A global tendency for products considered environmentally sustainable, and ecologically obtained led the industry related to personal care formulations to fund the research and the development of personal care/cosmetics containing ingredients from natural resources. Furthermore, consumers are aware of environmental and sustainability issueans, thus not harming the environment represents a key consideration when developing a new cosmetic ingredient. In this study we review some examples of active ingredients or raw materials used in cosmetics/personal care/biomedical products that are coming from either through biotechnological systems, or as byproducts of several industries. A skin formulation containing biosynthetic actives, prepared by us and the study regarding its dermocosmetic properties are also described. The need for the standardization processes, the safety assessment tools, the improvement of the exploitation methods of these renewable sources in order the production to be ecologically and economically better are also discussed.

Inhibitory effect of metastasis by combined administration with interleukin-2 and sizofiran, a single glucan--immunohistochemical study

Innovations in methods of combined administration with other BRM or chemotherapeutic drugs have been discussed. We have reported that combined administration with recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2) and sizofiran (SPG) is effective in prolonging survival time of C57BL/6 mice intraperitoneally inoculated with EL-4 lymphoma. The immunomechanisms of the combined administration were clarified investigating the intraperitoneal cell population in the primary tumor site, especially the tumor infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) quantitatively. In the present study, to clarify the antitumor effects of combined administration with rIL-2 and SPG on the metastatic sites, the immunomechanisms of the suppressive effects of combined administration on the metastasis were studied in EL-4 lymphoma cells intraperitoneally transplanted to mice. Inasmuch as EL-4 lymphoma shows rapid hepatosplenic metastasis, we studied the metastatic foci in the liver and the spleen semiquantitatively in investigating the histopathological and immunohistochemical findings of the metastatic foci, especially the TIL. The metastatic foci were stained by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and monoclonal antibodies (L3T4, Lyt2, asialo GM1, Mac-1, and Ia). The combined administration resulted in: 1) fewer infiltrating tumor cells, 2) more lymphocytic infiltration, and 3) more antitumor effector cells (cytotoxic T cells: Lyt2 and natural killer cells: asialo GM1), macrophages (Mac-1), helper T cells (L3T4), and cells with MHC-class-II antigen (Ia) than did administration of rIL-2 alone or SPG alone, or no administration of these two at all. Combined administration with rIL-2 and SPG appears to activate antitumor-immune response at the metastatic site more effectively than when either agent is administered alone.