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Godoy-Parejo C, Deng C, Zhang Y, Liu W, Chen G. Roles of vitamins in stem cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:1771-1791. [PMID: 31676963 PMCID: PMC11104807 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03352-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells can differentiate to diverse cell types in our body, and they hold great promises in both basic research and clinical therapies. For specific stem cell types, distinctive nutritional and signaling components are required to maintain the proliferation capacity and differentiation potential in cell culture. Various vitamins play essential roles in stem cell culture to modulate cell survival, proliferation and differentiation. Besides their common nutritional functions, specific vitamins are recently shown to modulate signal transduction and epigenetics. In this article, we will first review classical vitamin functions in both somatic and stem cell cultures. We will then focus on how stem cells could be modulated by vitamins beyond their nutritional roles. We believe that a better understanding of vitamin functions will significantly benefit stem cell research, and help realize their potentials in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Godoy-Parejo
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Chunhao Deng
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Yumeng Zhang
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
- Bioimaging and Stem Cell Core Facility, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Guokai Chen
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China.
- Bioimaging and Stem Cell Core Facility, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China.
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China.
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Endogenous Fibroblastic Progenitor Cells in the Adult Mouse Lung Are Highly Enriched in the Sca-1 Positive Cell Fraction. Stem Cells 2009; 27:623-33. [DOI: 10.1634/stemcells.2008-0866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Babich H, Gottesman RT, Liebling EJ, Schuck AG. Theaflavin-3-Gallate and Theaflavin-3'-Gallate, Polyphenols in Black Tea with Prooxidant Properties. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2008; 103:66-74. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2008.00232.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Toussaint O, Remacle J, Dierick JF, Pascal T, Frippiat C, Zdanov S, Magalhaes JP, Royer V, Chainiaux F. From the Hayflick mosaic to the mosaics of ageing. Role of stress-induced premature senescence in human ageing. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2002; 34:1415-29. [PMID: 12200036 DOI: 10.1016/s1357-2725(02)00034-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The Hayflick limit-senescence of proliferative cell types-is a fundamental feature of proliferative cells in vitro. Various human proliferative cell types exposed in vitro to many types of subcytotoxic stresses undergo stress-induced premature senescence (SIPS) (also called stress-induced premature senescence-like phenotype, according to the definition of senescence). The known mechanisms of appearance the main features of SIPS are reviewed: senescent-like morphology, growth arrest, senescence-related changes in gene expression, telomere shortening. Long before telomere-shortening induces senescence, other factors such as culture conditions or lack of 'feeder cells' can trigger either SIPS or prolonged reversible G(0) phase of the cell cycle. In vivo, 'proliferative' cell types of aged individuals are likely to compose a mosaic made of cells irreversibly growth arrested or not. The higher level of stress to which these cells have been exposed throughout their life span, the higher proportion of the cells of this mosaic will be in SIPS rather than in telomere-shortening dependent senescence. All cell types undergoing SIPS in vivo, most notably the ones in stressful conditions, are likely to participate in the tissular changes observed along ageing. For instance, human diploid fibroblasts (HDFs) exposed in vivo and in vitro to pro-inflammatory cytokines display biomarkers of senescence and might participate in the degradation of the extracellular matrix observed in ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Toussaint
- Department of Biology, Research Unit of Cellular Biology (URBC), University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000, Namur, Belgium.
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Ouyang A, Zhou Y, Hua P, Tan W. The effect of low oxygen tension on the in vitro life span of mouse epidermal keratinocytes. Enzyme Microb Technol 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0141-0229(02)00063-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Smalley MJ, Titley J, O'Hare MJ. Clonal characterization of mouse mammary luminal epithelial and myoepithelial cells separated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 1998; 34:711-21. [PMID: 9794223 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-998-0067-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Lineage analysis in vitro of heterogeneous tissues such as mammary epithelium requires the separation of constituent cell types and their growth as clones. The separation of virgin mouse mammary luminal epithelial and myoepithelial cells by fluorescence-activated cell-sorting, their growth at clonal density, and the phenotyping of the clones obtained with cell-type specific markers are described in this paper. Epithelial cells were isolated by collagenase digestion followed by trypsinization, and the luminal and myoepithelial cells were flow-sorted with the rat monoclonal antibodies 33A10 and JB6, respectively. Sorted cells were cloned under, using low oxygen conditions (<5% vol/vol), in medium containing cholera toxin and insulin, with an irradiated feeder layer of 3T3-L1 cells. Clones were characterized morphologically, and antigenically by multiple immunofluorescence with a panel of antibodies to cytoskeletal antigens specific to either luminal epithelial or myoepithelial cells in situ. Whereas sorted myoepithelial cells gave a single clone type, sorted luminal cells gave three morphological clone types, two of which grew rapidly. All myoepithelially derived clones showed a limited proliferative capacity in vitro, in contrast to their rat and human counterparts, as shown in previous studies. The present results with sorted mouse cells have also allowed the stability of the differentiated phenotype in mouse, rat, and human mammary luminal epithelial and myoepithelial cells in primary clonal culture to be compared. They show that the mouse mammary cells are the least stable in terms of expression of differentiation-specific cytoskeletal markers in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Smalley
- Section of Cell Biology and Experimental Pathology, Institute of Cancer Research: Royal Cancer Hospital, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom
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Nishikawa M, Uchino J, Matsushita M, Takahashi M, Taguchi K, Koike M, Kamachi H, Kon H. Optimal oxygen tension conditions for functioning cultured hepatocytes in vitro. Artif Organs 1996; 20:169-77. [PMID: 8712965 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1594.1996.tb00723.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
With a view toward furthering the development of artificial liver systems, we have been culturing hepatocytes in vitro. The object of this research was to investigate the ideal conditions of oxygen tension for the efficient functioning of hepatocytes. Viable hepatocytes isolated from rat livers were cultured under five different oxygen tensions: 5, 10, 20, 50 and 90% O2. DNA contents, gluconeogenesis, urea synthesis, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels, and lipid peroxidation of hepatocytes were evaluated. Under the 5% oxygen conditions, the function of hepatocytes was very inferior and was accompanied by a low ATP level. However, hepatocytes cultured under 90% oxygen tension functioned less effectively than the control (20% O2) with elevated lipid peroxidation. The data in this study suggest that the optimum oxygen condition for cultured hepatocytes is 10 approximately 50%, and that especially under conditions of 20% oxygen tension, i.e., that of the ordinary atmosphere, hepatocytes can function most effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nishikawa
- First Department of Surgery, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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Martin FC, Wiley CA. An alternative method for obtaining high-viability cell suspensions from neonatal mouse brain. J Neurosci Methods 1994; 55:99-104. [PMID: 7534365 DOI: 10.1016/0165-0270(94)90045-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Cultured brain cells have contributed greatly to our understanding of a variety of neurobiological processes. The ability to culture brain tissue is important for studying cellular processes underlying unique neural properties. Traditional culturing techniques commonly involve triturating tissue through glass Pastuer pipets, which are inappropriate for use with potentially biohazardous materials. We therefore developed an alternative method for dissociating brain tissue. The protocol combines enzymatic digestion and mechanical dissociation with additives to the dissection medium that protect the cells against other sources of injury, including glutamate neurotoxicity, oxidative damage, and excessively alkaline pH. We find this method works well with post-natal mouse brain, consistently giving cell viabilities in the range of 92-99% and an average yield of 3.1 x 10(6) cells per mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- F C Martin
- Department of Pathology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0612
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Ehmann UK, Osborn RC, Guzman RC, Fajardo LF. Cultured proliferating rat mammary epithelial cells. IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY : JOURNAL OF THE TISSUE CULTURE ASSOCIATION 1991; 27A:749-54. [PMID: 1717432 DOI: 10.1007/bf02633221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Normal epithelial cells from the rat mammary gland proliferated in culture when plated with lethally irradiated cells of the LA7 rat mammary tumor line. Proliferation of the normal rat cells occurred as the LA7 cells slowly died from the radiation. By labeling the cultures with 3H-thymidine it was determined that most of the proliferating rat cells were those adjacent to the LA7 feeder cells. The epithelial cells from the primary culture proliferated after subsequent passages if the cells were plated at each subculture with newly irradiated LA7 cells. If the cells were plated at a ratio of approximately 1:8 rat:LA7 a confluent layer of normal rat cells covered the plastic substrate after 6 to 7 wk. The cells have so far been carried up through Passage 7, which amounted to approximately 19 doublings in cell number, and still proliferate vigorously. The growth medium for this culture system was Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium:Ham's F12 1:1 supplemented with fetal bovine serum, insulin, and antibiotics. The presence in the cells of keratin, desmosomes, and cell junctions attested to their epithelial origin. The cultures were composed of cells with diploid or near diploid chromosome numbers. Samples of the cultured cells were implanted into the cleared fat pads of nude mice. Most of the implants from Passage 2 formed normal mammary ductal structures, but the incidence of outgrowths decreased significantly with later passages until no outgrowths resulted from the implantation of cells from Passage 5. The one unusual, feeder-independent cell line that arose from a primary culture seemed to be immortal in culture, contained a hyperdiploid chromosome complement, and formed abnormal structures when implanted into cleared fat pads.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Death/drug effects
- Cell Division/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Desmosomes/ultrastructure
- Diploidy
- Epithelial Cells
- Epithelium/metabolism
- Epithelium/ultrastructure
- Female
- Intercellular Junctions/ultrastructure
- Keratins/metabolism
- Mammary Glands, Animal/cytology
- Mammary Glands, Animal/metabolism
- Mammary Glands, Animal/ultrastructure
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/ultrastructure
- Methods
- Microscopy, Electron
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred Strains
- Thymidine/metabolism
- Tritium
- Tumor Cells, Cultured/metabolism
- Tumor Cells, Cultured/pathology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured/radiation effects
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Affiliation(s)
- U K Ehmann
- Department of Pathology, Palo Alto Veterans Affairs Medical Center, California
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