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Biotechnology tools and applications for development of oilseed crops with healthy vegetable oils. Biochimie 2020; 178:4-14. [PMID: 32979430 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Vegetable oils, consisting principally of triacylglycerols (TAG), are major sources of calories and essential fatty acids in the human diet. The fatty acid composition of TAG is a primary determinant of the nutritional quality and health-promoting properties of vegetable oils. TAG fatty acid composition also affects the functionality and properties of vegetable oils in food applications and in food processing and preparation. Vegetable oils with improved nutritional and functional properties have been developed for oilseed crops by selection and breeding of fatty acid biosynthetic mutants. These efforts have been effective at generating vegetable oils with altered relative amounts of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in seed TAG, but are constrained by insufficient genetic diversity for producing oils with "healthy" fatty acids that are not typically found in major oilseeds. The development and application of biotechnological tools have instead enabled the generation of oilseeds that produce novel fatty acid compositions with improved nutritional value by the introduction of genes from alternative sources, including plants, bacteria, and fungi. These tools have also allowed the generation of desired oil compositions that have proven difficult to obtain by breeding without compromised performance in selected oilseed crops. Here, we review biotechnological tools for increasing crop genetic diversity and their application for commercial or proof-of-principal development of oilseeds with expanded utility for food and feed applications and higher value nutritional and nutraceutical markets.
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Chernova A, Mazin P, Goryunova S, Goryunov D, Demurin Y, Gorlova L, Vanyushkina A, Mair W, Anikanov N, Yushina E, Pavlova A, Martynova E, Garkusha S, Mukhina Z, Savenko E, Khaitovich P. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for precise fatty acid profiling of oilseed crops. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6547. [PMID: 30863679 PMCID: PMC6408914 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oilseed crops are one of the most important sources of vegetable oils for food and industry. Nutritional and technical properties of vegetable oil are primarily determined by its fatty acid (FA) composition. The content and composition of FAs in plants are commonly determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GS-MS) or gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID) techniques. In the present work, we applied ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) technique to FA profiling of sunflower and rapeseed seeds and compared this method with the GC-FID technique. GC-FID detected 11 FAs in sunflower and 13 FAs in rapeseed, while UPLC-MS appeared to be more sensitive, detecting about 2.5 times higher numbers of FAs in both plants. In addition to even-chain FAs, UPLC-MS was able to detect odd-chain FAs. The longest FA detected using GC-FID was an FA with 24 carbon atoms, whereas UPLC-MS could reveal the presence of longer FAs with the tails of up to 28 carbon atoms. Based on our results, we may conclude that UPLC-MS has great potential to be used for the assessment of FA profiles of oil crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Chernova
- Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Pavel Mazin
- Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia.,Faculty of Computer Science, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia.,Institute for Information Transmission Problems (Kharkevich Institute), Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Svetlana Goryunova
- Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia.,Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Denis Goryunov
- Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia.,Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yakov Demurin
- Pustovoit All-Russia Research Institute of Oil Crops, Krasnodar, Russia
| | - Lyudmila Gorlova
- Pustovoit All-Russia Research Institute of Oil Crops, Krasnodar, Russia
| | - Anna Vanyushkina
- Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Waltraud Mair
- Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikolai Anikanov
- Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Yushina
- Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia.,Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Pavlova
- Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Martynova
- Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia.,Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - Elena Savenko
- All-Russia Rice Research Institute, Krasnodar, Russia
| | - Philipp Khaitovich
- Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
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Chernova A, Gubaev R, Mazin P, Goryunova S, Demurin Y, Gorlova L, Vanushkina A, Mair W, Anikanov N, Martynova E, Goryunov D, Garkusha S, Mukhina Z, Khaytovich P. UPLC⁻MS Triglyceride Profiling in Sunflower and Rapeseed Seeds. Biomolecules 2018; 9:E9. [PMID: 30591683 PMCID: PMC6359410 DOI: 10.3390/biom9010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sunflower and rapeseed are among the most important sources of vegetable oil for food and industry. The main components of vegetable oil are triglycerides (TAGs) (about 97%). Ultra- performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (UPLC⁻MS) profiling of TAGs in sunflower and rapeseed has been performed and the TAG profiles obtained for these species have been compared. It has been identified that 34 TAGs are shared by sunflower and rapeseed. It was demonstrated that TAGs 52:2, 52:5, 52:6, 54:3; 54:4, 54:7, 56:3, 56:4, and 56:5 had the highest variability levels between sunflower and rapeseed with the higher presence in rapeseed. TAGs 50:2, 52:3, 52:4, 54:5, and 54:6 also showed high variability, but were the most abundant in sunflower. Moreover, the differences in TAG composition between the winter-type and spring-type rapeseed have been revealed, which may be associated with freezing tolerance. It was shown that winter-type rapeseed seeds contain TAGs with a lower degree of saturation, while in spring-type rapeseed highly saturated lipids are the most abundant. These findings may give new insights into the cold resistance mechanisms in plants the understanding of which is especially important in terms of global climate changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Chernova
- Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Nobel st. 3, Building 1, Moscow 121205, Russia.
| | - Rim Gubaev
- Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Nobel st. 3, Building 1, Moscow 121205, Russia.
| | - Pavel Mazin
- Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Nobel st. 3, Building 1, Moscow 121205, Russia.
- Institute for Information Transmission Problems (Kharkevich Institute), Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 127051, Russia.
- Faculty of Computer Science, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Svetlana Goryunova
- Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Nobel st. 3, Building 1, Moscow 121205, Russia.
- Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Gubkin st. 3, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Yakov Demurin
- Pustovoit All-Russia Research Institute of Oil Crops, Filatova st. 17, Krasnodar 350038, Russia.
| | - Lyudmila Gorlova
- Pustovoit All-Russia Research Institute of Oil Crops, Filatova st. 17, Krasnodar 350038, Russia.
| | - Anna Vanushkina
- Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Nobel st. 3, Building 1, Moscow 121205, Russia.
| | - Waltraud Mair
- Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Nobel st. 3, Building 1, Moscow 121205, Russia.
| | - Nikolai Anikanov
- Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Nobel st. 3, Building 1, Moscow 121205, Russia.
| | - Elena Martynova
- Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Nobel st. 3, Building 1, Moscow 121205, Russia.
- Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Gubkin st. 3, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Denis Goryunov
- Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Nobel st. 3, Building 1, Moscow 121205, Russia.
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, Building 40, Moscow 119234, Russia.
| | - Sergei Garkusha
- All-Russia Rice Research Institute, Belozerny 3, Krasnodar 350921, Russia.
| | - Zhanna Mukhina
- All-Russia Rice Research Institute, Belozerny 3, Krasnodar 350921, Russia.
| | - Philipp Khaytovich
- Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Nobel st. 3, Building 1, Moscow 121205, Russia.
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Fischer T, Och U, Marquardt T. Long-term ketone body therapy of severe multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency: A case report. Nutrition 2018; 60:122-128. [PMID: 30557775 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2018.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MADD) is the most severe disorder of mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation. Treatment of this disorder is difficult because the functional loss of the electron transfer flavoprotein makes energy supply from fatty acids impossible. Acetyl-CoA, provided by exogenous ketone bodies such as NaßHB, is the only treatment option in severe cases. Short-term therapy attempts have shown positive results. To our knowledge, no reports exist concerning long-term application of ketone body salts in patients with severe MADD. METHODS This case report is a detailed retrospective metabolic analysis of a boy with severe MADD. Treatment with sodium β-hydroxybutyrate (NaβHB) started 8 d after birth using gradually increasing doses. In the initial phase, metabolic and acid-base parameters were checked multiple times a day. After 8 y of standardized therapy with 16 g NaβHB, substitution with calcium β-hydroxybutyrate (CaβHB) was attempted. In addition to the β-hydroxybutyrate (βHB) supplementation, continuous adjustments were made to the child's nutrition to provide necessary nutrients. RESULTS Treatment with βHB salts leads to adverse effects like gastrointestinal discomfort and alkalosis. Measured concentrations of βHB were predominantly at 0.1 mmol/L or below detectable concentration. Nutritional therapy based on amino acid and acylcarnitine profiles is a necessary part of the therapy in MADD. CONCLUSIONS Therapy with NaβHB is lifesaving in cases of severe MADD but can have significant adverse effects. Supplementation with CaβHB led to gastrointestinal discomfort and had no additional positive clinical effect. The determined tolerable dose of βHB salt for long-term therapy was not high enough for a notable increase of βHB concentrations in blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Fischer
- University of Applied Sciences Muenster, Department of Food, Nutrition, and Facilities, Muenster, Germany; University Hospital Muenster, Department of Pediatrics, Muenster, Germany.
| | - Ulrike Och
- University Hospital Muenster, Department of Pediatrics, Muenster, Germany
| | - Thorsten Marquardt
- University Hospital Muenster, Department of Pediatrics, Muenster, Germany
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Burgess B, Melis M, Scoular K, Driver M, Schaich KM, Keller KL, Tomassini Barbarossa I, Tepper BJ. Effects of CD36 Genotype on Oral Perception of Oleic Acid Supplemented Safflower Oil Emulsions in Two Ethnic Groups: A Preliminary Study. J Food Sci 2018; 83:1373-1380. [PMID: 29660814 PMCID: PMC5969292 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies demonstrate humans can detect fatty acids via specialized sensors on the tongue, such as the CD36 receptor. Genetic variation at the common single nucleotide polymorphism rs1761667 of CD36 has been shown to differentially impact the perception of fatty acids, but comparative data among different ethnic groups are lacking. In a small cohort of Caucasian and East Asian young adults, we investigated if: (1) participants could detect oleic acid (C18:1) added to safflower oil emulsions at a constant ratio of 3% (w/v); (2) supplementation of oleic acid to safflower oil emulsions enhanced perception of fattiness and creaminess; and (3) variation at rs1761667 influenced oleic acid detection and fat taste perception. In a 3-alternate forced choice test, 62% of participants detected 2.9 ± 0.7 mM oleic acid (or 0.08% w/v) in a 2.8% safflower oil emulsion. Supplementation of oleic acid did not enhance fattiness and creaminess perception for the cohort as a whole, though East Asians carrying the GG genotype perceived more overall fattiness and creaminess than their AA genotype counterparts (P < 0.001). No differences were observed for the Caucasians. These preliminary findings indicate that free oleic acid can be detected in an oil-in-water emulsion at concentrations found in commercial oils, but it does not increase fattiness or creaminess perception. Additionally, variation at rs1761667 may have ethnic-specific effects on fat taste perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Burgess
- Dept. of Food Science and Center for Sensory Sciences & Innovation, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers Univ., New Brunswick, N.J., U.S.A
| | - Melania Melis
- Dept. of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Physiology, Univ. of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Katelyn Scoular
- Dept. of Food Science and Center for Sensory Sciences & Innovation, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers Univ., New Brunswick, N.J., U.S.A
| | - Michael Driver
- Dept. of Food Science and Center for Sensory Sciences & Innovation, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers Univ., New Brunswick, N.J., U.S.A
| | - Karen M Schaich
- Dept. of Food Science and Center for Sensory Sciences & Innovation, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers Univ., New Brunswick, N.J., U.S.A
| | - Kathleen L Keller
- Dept. of Nutritional Sciences and Dept. of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, Pa., U.S.A
| | | | - Beverly J Tepper
- Dept. of Food Science and Center for Sensory Sciences & Innovation, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers Univ., New Brunswick, N.J., U.S.A
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Kumar S, Ambreen H, Variath MT, Rao AR, Agarwal M, Kumar A, Goel S, Jagannath A. Utilization of Molecular, Phenotypic, and Geographical Diversity to Develop Compact Composite Core Collection in the Oilseed Crop, Safflower ( Carthamus tinctorius L.) through Maximization Strategy. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1554. [PMID: 27807441 PMCID: PMC5069285 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is a dryland oilseed crop yielding high quality edible oil. Previous studies have described significant phenotypic variability in the crop and used geographical distribution and phenotypic trait values to develop core collections. However, the molecular diversity component was lacking in the earlier collections thereby limiting their utility in breeding programs. The present study evaluated the phenotypic variability for 12 agronomically important traits during two growing seasons (2011-12 and 2012-13) in a global reference collection of 531 safflower accessions, assessed earlier by our group for genetic diversity and population structure using AFLP markers. Significant phenotypic variation was observed for all the agronomic traits in the representative collection. Cluster analysis of phenotypic data grouped the accessions into five major clusters. Accessions from the Indian Subcontinent and America harbored maximal phenotypic variability with unique characters for a few traits. MANOVA analysis indicated significant interaction between genotypes and environment for both the seasons. Initially, six independent core collections (CC1-CC6) were developed using molecular marker and phenotypic data for two seasons through POWERCORE and MSTRAT. These collections captured the entire range of trait variability but failed to include complete genetic diversity represented in 19 clusters reported earlier through Bayesian analysis of population structure (BAPS). Therefore, we merged the three POWERCORE core collections (CC1-CC3) to generate a composite core collection, CartC1 and three MSTRAT core collections (CC4-CC6) to generate another composite core collection, CartC2. The mean difference percentage, variance difference percentage, variable rate of coefficient of variance percentage, coincidence rate of range percentage, Shannon's diversity index, and Nei's gene diversity for CartC1 were 11.2, 43.7, 132.4, 93.4, 0.47, and 0.306, respectively while the corresponding values for CartC2 were 9.3, 58.8, 124.6, 95.8, 0.46, and 0.301. Each composite core collection represented the complete range of phenotypic and genetic variability of the crop including 19 BAPS clusters. This is the first report describing development of core collections in safflower using molecular marker data with phenotypic values and geographical distribution. These core collections will facilitate identification of genetic determinants of trait variability and effective utilization of the prevalent diversity in crop improvement programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heena Ambreen
- Department of Botany, University of DelhiNew Delhi, India
| | | | - Atmakuri R. Rao
- Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research InstituteNew Delhi, India
| | - Manu Agarwal
- Department of Botany, University of DelhiNew Delhi, India
| | - Amar Kumar
- Department of Botany, University of DelhiNew Delhi, India
| | | | - Arun Jagannath
- Department of Botany, University of DelhiNew Delhi, India
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Kim JK, Park HG, Kim CR, Lim HJ, Cho KM, Choi JS, Shin DH, Shin EC. Quality evaluation on use of camellia oil as an alternative method in dried seaweed preparation. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2014; 19:234-41. [PMID: 25320722 PMCID: PMC4195630 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2014.19.3.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The fatty acid and volatile compound compositions of camellia oil were analyzed in this study. The impacts of the replacement of conventional vegetable oil with camellia oil on the sensory attributes of dried seaweed were also determined. C18:1 (83.59%), followed by C16:0 and C18:2, were the most abundant fatty acids in camellia oil. A total of 11 and 32 volatile compounds were identified in camellia oil and sesame oil, respectively. In the preference test, the camellia oil samples received a higher, although insignificant, liking rating in overall acceptability of appearance. Overall, there were no differences between the sensory attributes of camellia oil and sesame oil. This finding, combined with the unique fatty acid composition, thermal stability, and health benefits of camellia oil indicate that further study into the use of camellia oil in foods is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Kyeom Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Hui Gyu Park
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Cho Rong Kim
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea
| | - Ho-Jeong Lim
- Department of Food Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Gyeongnam 660-758, Korea
| | - Kye Man Cho
- Department of Food Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Gyeongnam 660-758, Korea
| | - Jine Shang Choi
- Department of Food Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Gyeongnam 660-758, Korea
| | - Dong-Hoon Shin
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea
| | - Eui-Cheol Shin
- Department of Food Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Gyeongnam 660-758, Korea
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Warner K, Orr P, Glynn M. Effect of fatty acid composition of oils on flavor and stability of fried foods. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 1997. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-997-0090-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Warner
- Food Quality and Safety Research; NCAUR, ARS, USDA; Peoria Illinois 61604
| | - P. Orr
- Red River Valley Potato Research Laboratory; ARS, USDA; East Grand Forks Minnesota 56721
| | - M. Glynn
- Red River Valley Potato Research Laboratory; ARS, USDA; East Grand Forks Minnesota 56721
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Warner K, Orr P, Parrott L, Glynn M. Effects of frying oil composition on potato chip stability. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 1994. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02675905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Kinsella JE, Posati L, Weihrauch J, Anderson B, Weiss TJ. Lipids in foods: Problems and procedures in collating data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1975. [DOI: 10.1080/10408397509527177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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12
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Raman spectroscopic analysis of thecis/transisomer composition of edible vegetable oils. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 1972. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02582487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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13
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Phosphatides isolated from seeds of commercial and experimental safflower varieties. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 1971. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02638523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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14
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FULLER G, GUADAGNI DG, WEAVER ML, NOTTER G, HORVAT RJ. EVALUATION OF OLEIC SAFFLOWER OIL IN FRYING OF POTATO CHIPS. J Food Sci 1971. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1971.tb02028.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
| | - H. J. Dutton
- ; Northern Regional Research Laboratory; Peoria Illinois 61604
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