Goldenhar syndrome with rare associations

Bilateral retinal detachment in Goldenhar syndrome

The ocular features of Goldenhar syndrome (GS) are typically external, like surface dermoids and lid coloboma. Retinal detachment (RD) is rare and has not been reported in absence of other concomitant predisposing congenital ocular disorders. We present a unique case of bilateral rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) with GS. To the best of our knowledge, this association of GS with RRD is novel and has not been reported earlier in ophthalmic and systemic literature on RRD.

An unusual association of Goldenhar syndrome

Goldenhar syndrome is well known for its classical triad of epibulbar dermoids or lipodermoids, auricular appendages and pretragal fistulas. Here we report a case of Goldenhar syndrome with an unusual association of a fibroepithelial polyp attached to a limbal dermoid. A case of Goldenhar syndrome in a 5-month-old male infant presented with the features of a fibroepithelial polyp attached to a limbal dermoid, right-sided polydactylia with hypoplastic thumb, and accessory preauricular appendages on the left side. The association of a fibroepithelial polyp attached to a limbal dermoid with Goldenhar syndrome is a rare report in the literature. In these cases, regular follow-up with an ophthalmologist is important to monitor the visual development of the patient. Ideally, a multidisciplinary approach is required to manage the other associated anomalies.

Goldenhar Syndrome with Tessier's 7 Cleft: Report of a Case

Goldenhar syndrome, a variant of hemifacial microsomia, is a well-known developmental anomaly of maxillofacial skeleton that is apparent at birth. The first and second branchial arch involvement during early embryonic development results in a wide spectrum of anomalies that may include macrostomia and lateral facial clefts. Though clefts of the orofacial region are among the most common congenital facial defects, the occurrence of lateral facial clefts (Tessier 7 cleft) in conditions such as the Goldenhar syndrome, is very rare (<5%). The lateral facial cleft, which results because of improper development of the perioral muscles of the face, gives an appearance of macrostomia giving rise to potential psychological, aesthetic and feeding problems. This clinical report describes the closure of a Tessier 7 cleft and the use of distraction osteogenesis to treat mandibular asymmetry in an 11-year-old female patient with Goldenhar's syndrome.

A case of Goldenhar-Gorlin syndrome with unusual association of hypoplastic thumb

A case of Goldenhar-Gorlin syndrome in a seven-month-old male infant presented with the features of epibulbar dermoid, microtia and hemifacial microsomia associated with thumb defect. The dermoid was bilateral and microtia was unilateral. Preauricular appendages and pits were double and single respectively on both the sides. Hemifacial microsomia was unilateral and was associated with cleft lip, macrostomia, dental misalignment, large tongue and high arched palate. The association of hypoplastic thumb with Goldenhar-Gorlin syndrome has not been documented in the past.

Management of brain abscesses in children

Brain abscesses occur infrequently but continue to be problematic for the pediatric neurosurgical community. The incidence of brain abscesses in children has not changed much, although individual reports may show an increase or decrease in the number of reported cases depending on the patient population studied. An increase could be attributed to earlier detection due to advancements in imaging modalities and/or to an increase in the number of children with immunodeficient states caused by AIDS, chemotherapy for malignant lesions, and immunosuppressive therapy for organ transplantation. A decrease in the incidence of brain abscesses could be attributed to practices such as antibiotic treatment for otitis media, sinusitis, and/or prophylactic antimicrobial treatment for congenital heart disease in children. The morbidity and mortality rates associated with brain abscesses have not changed dramatically in the antibiotic and imaging era, and their preferred management can vary among healthcare providers. These lesions have been successfully treated by neurosurgeons. The causes of brain abscesses are highly variable in children, which is also the case in adults, but the predisposing factors in the pediatric population differ in prevalence. Cyanotic congenital heart disease, hematogenous dissemination, contiguous infection, and penetrating traumatic injuries are the most common causes of brain abscesses in children. In this review, the authors discuss the causes and medical and surgical management of brain abscesses in children.

Goldenhar's syndrome--case report

Goldenhar's syndrome is a rare condition described initially in the early 1950's. It is characterized by a combination of anomalies: dermal epibulbar cysts, auricular appendices and malformation of the ears. In 1963, Gorlin suggested the name oculo-auriculo-vertebral (OAV) dysplasia for this condition and also included vertebral anomalies as signs of the syndrome. The etiology of this rare disease is not fully understood, as it has shown itself variable genetically and of unclear causes. This work reports a case of Goldenhar's syndrome in an 11-year-old female, who presented all classical signs of this rare condition