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Wannhoff A, Rupp C, Friedrich K, Brune M, Knierim J, Flechtenmacher C, Sauer P, Stremmel W, Hov JR, Schirmacher P, Weiss KH, Gotthardt DN. Inflammation But Not Biliary Obstruction Is Associated With Carbohydrate Antigen 19-9 Levels in Patients With Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015; 13:2372-9. [PMID: 26192140 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2015.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Assays that measure the serum level of carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) are used to screen patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) for malignancies. However, in patients with PSC, cholestasis, and bacterial cholangitis, the CA19-9 level can be affected by variants in the fucosyltransferases 2 and 3 genes (FUT2 and FUT3), which regulate the production of CA19-9. We investigated how these genotypes affect cancer screening in these patients. METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis of data from 209 patients with PSC (19 patients with biliary malignancy, 23 patients with cholestasis and bacterial cholangitis) treated at the University Hospital Heidelberg from 1987 through 2014. We collected data on the maximum serum level of CA19-9; laboratory measures of cholestasis or inflammation; the presence of dominant stenosis, cholestasis, and bacterial cholangitis; and FUT2 and FUT3 genotypes. Patients were assigned to intermediate (n = 161) or high (n = 48) CA19-9 biosynthesis groups, based on FUT2 and FUT3 genotypes. Patients incapable of CA19-9 biosynthesis, based on genetic features, were excluded. RESULTS The median level of CA19-9 was 31.1 U/mL in cancer-free patients. The CA19-9 level correlated with the level of C-reactive protein (P < .001); high CA19-9 biosynthesis correlated with high leukocyte counts (P = .037), but not intermediate CA19-9 biosynthesis. There was no correlation between the level of CA19-9 and laboratory markers of cholestasis. The level of CA19-9 was the lowest in patients without biliary obstruction, cholestasis, or bacterial cholangitis (7.8 U/mL), followed by patients with only obstruction (28.0 U/mL), and then patients with cholestasis and bacterial cholangitis (77.0 U/mL and 205.4 U/mL in patients without or with concomitant obstruction, respectively). The greatest increase in CA19-9 as a result of cholestasis and bacterial cholangitis was observed in patients in the high CA19-9 biosynthesis group. CONCLUSIONS In patients with PSC, cholestasis has little effect on the level of CA19-9, but cholestasis and bacterial cholangitis increase the level. Their effects on CA19-9 level depend on the FUT2 and FUT3 genotype. These findings support the analysis of FUT2 and FUT3 genotype during follow-up evaluation of patients with PSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Wannhoff
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Rupp
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kilian Friedrich
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maik Brune
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Knierim
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christa Flechtenmacher
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Liver Cancer Center Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Sauer
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Stremmel
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Liver Cancer Center Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johannes R Hov
- Norwegian Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis Research Center, Research Institute of Internal Medicine and Section of Gastroenterology, Division of Cancer Medicine, Surgery and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Inflammatory Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Peter Schirmacher
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Liver Cancer Center Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karl Heinz Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Liver Cancer Center Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel N Gotthardt
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Liver Cancer Center Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Dinc B, Mesci A, Dinc SE, Oskay A. A Giant Simple Liver Cyst That Caused Increases in Serum CA 19-9 and CA 15-3 Levels. J Clin Med Res 2014; 6:487-9. [PMID: 25247025 PMCID: PMC4169093 DOI: 10.14740/jocmr1950e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple cysts (SCs) of the liver are not associated with the biliary malformations in intrahepatic bile duct biliary. Seen in 0.1% to 7% of adult population, biliary malformations are more common in women. The levels of glycoprotein-like tumor markers (carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9) in the cysts and serum could be high. Although studies regarding CA 19-9 exist, sufficient data on cancer antigen (CA) 15-3 are not available. This case is about a 76-year-old woman who complained of painless intra-abdominal mass. The patient with a giant simple cyst extending from the gallbladder to the pelvis had preoparative CA 19-9 and CA 15-3 serum levels of 87.3 IU/L and 37 IU/L respectively. It was observed that CA 19-9 levels had decreased to 36 IU/L and CA 15-3 to 28.1 IU/L in blood samples taken in the third month after the surgery. There is a need for comprehensive studies to investigate the relationship between the size of the cyst and biomarkers (including markers such as CA 15-3) in the assesment of liver SC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bulent Dinc
- Department of Surgery, Ataturk State Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Ayhan Mesci
- Department of Surgery, Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| | | | - Alten Oskay
- Department of Emergency, Denizli State Hospital, Denizli, Turkey
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Han P, Luo Y, Tian D, Yan W, Liu J, Chang Y, Xie H, Wei W, Huang H. Pulmonary sequestration presenting with left upper abdominal bloating and marked elevation of serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9: A case report. Oncol Lett 2014; 7:1493-1496. [PMID: 24765162 PMCID: PMC3997693 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.1960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) is widely accepted as a tumor marker for cancers of the biliary, pancreatic and gastrointestinal tracts. Occasionally, CA19-9 is markedly elevated in the serum of patients with benign diseases. Pulmonary sequestration is a rare malformation that is characterized by the presence of lung tissue with abnormal or absent communication with the bronchi, to which blood is supplied by the systemic arteries. The current study presents a 48-year-old male who presented with upper left abdominal bloating and marked elevation of serum CA19-9 levels. The patient was referred to the Tongji Hospital (Wuhan, China) with suspected hepato-biliary-pancreatic disease and, following surgery, was diagnosed with intralobar pulmonary sequestration. Immunohistochemistry showed marked positive staining for CA19-9 in the sequestrated lung tissue. The patient’s symptoms improved and the CA19-9 levels returned to the normal range following surgery. Therefore, the symptoms of upper left abdominal bloating and marked elevation of serum CA19-9 levels, in this case, may have resulted from the intralobar pulmonary sequestration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Han
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Yi Luo
- Tuberculosis Prevention Institution of Wuhan, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Dean Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Jingmei Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Ying Chang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Huaping Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Wang Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Huanjun Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
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Angata T, Fujinawa R, Kurimoto A, Nakajima K, Kato M, Takamatsu S, Korekane H, Gao CX, Ohtsubo K, Kitazume S, Taniguchi N. Integrated approach toward the discovery of glyco-biomarkers of inflammation-related diseases. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2012; 1253:159-69. [PMID: 22380786 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2012.06469.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Glycobiology has contributed tremendously to the discovery and characterization of cancer-related biomarkers containing glycans (i.e., glyco-biomarkers) and a more detailed understanding of cancer biology. It is now recognized that most chronic diseases involve some elements of chronic inflammation; these include cancer, Alzheimer's disease, and metabolic syndrome (including consequential diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases). By extending the knowledge and experience of the glycobiology community regarding cancer biomarker discovery, we should be able to contribute to the discovery of diagnostic/prognostic glyco-biomarkers of other chronic diseases that involve chronic inflammation. Future integration of large-scale "omics"-type data (e.g., genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and glycomics) with computational model building, or a systems glycobiology approach, will facilitate such efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Angata
- Systems Glycobiology Research Group, Chemical Biology Department, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, Wako, Saitama, Japan.
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Ranganathan P, Harsha HC, Pandey A. Molecular alterations in exocrine neoplasms of the pancreas. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2009; 133:405-12. [PMID: 19260746 DOI: 10.5858/133.3.405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/06/2008] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Pancreatic cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths. Most cases are diagnosed at an advanced stage when the disease is beyond surgical intervention. Molecular studies during the past decade have contributed greatly to our understanding of this disease. Various germ-line and somatic mutations associated with pancreatic cancers have been characterized, along with abnormal variations in the gene expression patterns. A thorough characterization of molecular alterations such as genetic and epigenetic changes, alterations in the expression of genes and changes in proteins, and posttranslational modifications in pancreatic cancer could lead to a better understanding of its pathogenesis. OBJECTIVE To provide an overview of the various molecular alterations in pancreatic cancer and the methodologies used to catalog such alterations. DATA SOURCES Published studies about various molecular alterations at the genomic, epigenetic, transcriptomic, and proteomic levels in pancreatic cancer. CONCLUSIONS The available data from pancreatic cancer suggests that there are a large number of molecular alterations at genomic, epigenetic, transcriptomic, and proteomic levels. It is now possible to initiate a systems approach to studying pancreatic cancer especially in light of newer initiatives to dissect the pancreatic cancer genome.
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Yanai H, Tada N. A simple hepatic cyst with elevated serum and cyst fluid CA19-9 levels: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2008; 2:329. [PMID: 18851758 PMCID: PMC2572621 DOI: 10.1186/1752-1947-2-329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2008] [Accepted: 10/14/2008] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Simple hepatic cysts rarely cause symptoms, however, occasionally they become symptomatic due to mass effect, rupture, hemorrhage, and infection. We report a patient with a large hepatic cyst with elevated serum and cyst fluid CA19-9 levels. We studied serum and cyst fluid CA19-9 levels in this patient, before and after the intracystic instillation of minocycline hydrochloride. Case presentation A 76-year-old Japanese woman was diagnosed as having an infected hepatic cyst, by physical examination and enhanced abdominal computed tomography. Serum (170 U/ml; reference: < 37 U/ml) and hepatic cyst fluid (371 U/ml) CA19-9 levels were elevated. After the intracystic instillation of minocycline hydrochloride, necrotic cells in the cyst were drained, and it totally collapsed after 1 week. Cyst fluid CA19-9 levels increased remarkably after the intracystic instillation of minocycline hydrochloride, while serum CA19-9 levels decreased significantly. Conclusion Our study is the first report to reveal the influence of intracystic instillation of minocycline hydrochloride on serum and cyst fluid CA19-9 levels in a patient with a simple hepatic cyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidekatsu Yanai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Kashiwa Hospital, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Kashiwashita, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan.
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TAKEMORI Y, SAWABU N, OHTA H, SATOMURA Y, WATANABE H, YAMAKAWA O, KAWAKAMI H, KIDANI H, TAKAHASHI H, WAKABAYASHI T. Evaluation of Cancer‐Associated Carbohydrate Antigen (NCC‐ST‐439) Measurement in Pure Pancreatic Juice Collected by Endoscopic Aspiration. Dig Endosc 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1443-1661.1990.tb00334.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro TAKEMORI
- *The Department of Internal Medicine, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | | | - Hideki OHTA
- *The Department of Internal Medicine, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yoshitake SATOMURA
- *The Department of Internal Medicine, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki WATANABE
- *The Department of Internal Medicine, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Osamu YAMAKAWA
- *The Department of Internal Medicine, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu KAWAKAMI
- *The Department of Internal Medicine, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hisashi KIDANI
- **The 1st Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hirokazu TAKAHASHI
- ***The Department of Internal Medicine, Toyama City Hospital, Toyama, Japan
| | - Tokio WAKABAYASHI
- ****The Department of Internal Medicine, Kanazawa National Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan
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Mauer KR, Lopatin RN, Hoffman WA, Grossman ET, Russo RD. Decrease in a markedly elevated CA19-9 level after stenting of a benign pancreatic ductal stricture. Gastrointest Endosc 1995; 42:261-3. [PMID: 7498694 DOI: 10.1016/s0016-5107(95)70103-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K R Mauer
- Division of Gastroenterology, St. Vincent's Medical Center, Bridgeport, Connecticut, USA
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