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Cao B, Yang X, Chen Y, Huang Q, Wu Y, Gu Q, Xiao J, Yang H, Pan H, Chen J, Sun Y, Ren L, Zhao C, Deng Y, Yang Y, Chang X, Yang Z, Zhang Y, Niu Z, Wang J, Wu X, Wang J, Jiang Y. Identification of novel ATP7A mutations and prenatal diagnosis in Chinese patients with Menkes disease. Metab Brain Dis 2017; 32:1123-1131. [PMID: 28397151 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-017-9985-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Menkes disease (MD) is a fatal X-linked multisystem disease caused by mutations in ATP7A. In this study, clinical and genetic analysis was performed in 24 male MD patients. Development delay, seizures, kinky coarse hair, and dystonia were found in 24, 22, 24, and 24 patients, respectively. Serum ceruloplasmin/copper tested in 19 patients was low. Abnormal classic features of MD presented in the MRI/MRA of 19 patients. Seventeen mutations of ATP7A were identified in 22 patients. Twelve were novel mutations including three small deletion/insertion, one missense mutation, two nonsense mutations, three splicing-site mutations, and three gross deletions. Twenty-two patients were genetically diagnosed; neither point mutation nor deletion/duplication was found in two of them. c.2179G > A found in five patients might be a hot-spot mutation. Prenatal molecular diagnosis was performed for five unrelated fetuses (1 female and 4 male), which found four fetuses to be wild type and one male carried the same mutation as the proband. This study of the largest sample of Chinese MD patients examined to date discovered the unique phenotype and genotype spectrum in Chinese patients with 12 novel mutations of ATP7A, and that c.2179G > A might be a hot-spot mutation in MD patients. Five successful prenatal diagnosis contributed important information for MD families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Cao
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, No. 1 Xi'anmen Street, West District, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Xiaoping Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, No. 1 Xi'anmen Street, West District, Beijing, 100034, China
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, 030001, China
| | - Yinyin Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, No. 1 Xi'anmen Street, West District, Beijing, 100034, China
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, 030001, China
| | - Qionghui Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, No. 1 Xi'anmen Street, West District, Beijing, 100034, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Ye Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, No. 1 Xi'anmen Street, West District, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Qiang Gu
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, No. 1 Xi'anmen Street, West District, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Jiangxi Xiao
- Department of Radiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Huixia Yang
- Department of Obstetrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Hong Pan
- Department of Central Lab, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Junya Chen
- Department of Obstetrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Obstetrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Li Ren
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, No. 1 Xi'anmen Street, West District, Beijing, 100034, China
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, 030001, China
| | - Chengfeng Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, No. 1 Xi'anmen Street, West District, Beijing, 100034, China
- Department of Epilepsy, Central Hospital of Jiamusi, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang Province, 154007, China
| | - Yanhua Deng
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, No. 1 Xi'anmen Street, West District, Beijing, 100034, China
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, 030001, China
| | - Yanling Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, No. 1 Xi'anmen Street, West District, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Xingzhi Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, No. 1 Xi'anmen Street, West District, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Zhixian Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, No. 1 Xi'anmen Street, West District, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Yuehua Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, No. 1 Xi'anmen Street, West District, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Zhengping Niu
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, 030001, China
| | - Juli Wang
- Department of Epilepsy, Central Hospital of Jiamusi, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang Province, 154007, China
| | - Xiru Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, No. 1 Xi'anmen Street, West District, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Jingmin Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, No. 1 Xi'anmen Street, West District, Beijing, 100034, China.
| | - Yuwu Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, No. 1 Xi'anmen Street, West District, Beijing, 100034, China.
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Hardman B, Michalczyk A, Greenough M, Camakaris J, Mercer J, Ackland M. Hormonal regulation of the Menkes and Wilson copper-transporting ATPases in human placental Jeg-3 cells. Biochem J 2007; 402:241-50. [PMID: 17109627 PMCID: PMC1798443 DOI: 10.1042/bj20061099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Copper deficiency during pregnancy results in early embryonic death and foetal structural abnormalities including skeletal, pulmonary and cardiovascular defects. During pregnancy, copper is transported from the maternal circulation to the foetus by mechanisms which have not been clearly elucidated. Two copper-transporting ATPases, Menkes (ATP7A; MNK) and Wilson (ATP7B; WND), are expressed in the placenta and both are involved in placental copper transport, as copper accumulates in the placenta in both Menkes and Wilson disease. The regulatory mechanisms of MNK and WND and their exact role in the placenta are unknown. Using a differentiated polarized Jeg-3 cell culture model of placental trophoblasts, MNK and WND were shown to be expressed within these cells. Distinct roles for MNK and WND are suggested on the basis of their opposing responses to insulin. Insulin and oestrogen increased both MNK mRNA and protein levels, altered the localization of MNK towards the basolateral membrane in a copper-independent manner, and increased the transport of copper across this membrane. In contrast, levels of WND were decreased in response to insulin, and the protein was located in a tight perinuclear region, with a corresponding decrease in copper efflux across the apical membrane. These results are consistent with a model of copper transport in the placenta in which MNK delivers copper to the foetus and WND returns excess copper to the maternal circulation. Insulin and oestrogen stimulate copper transport to the foetus by increasing the expression of MNK and reducing the expression of WND. These data show for the first time that MNK and WND are differentially regulated by the hormones insulin and oestrogen in human placental cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda Hardman
- *Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne Campus, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia
| | - Agnes Michalczyk
- *Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne Campus, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia
| | - Mark Greenough
- †Department of Genetics, Melbourne University, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - James Camakaris
- †Department of Genetics, Melbourne University, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Julian F. B. Mercer
- *Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne Campus, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia
| | - M. Leigh Ackland
- *Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne Campus, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia
- To whom correspondence should be addressed (email )
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