1
|
Deciphering the mechanism of interaction of an ester-functionalized cationic gemini surfactant with bovine serum albumin: A biophysical and molecular modeling study. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.128944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
2
|
Vereshchagin AN, Frolov NA, Egorova KS, Seitkalieva MM, Ananikov VP. Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QACs) and Ionic Liquids (ILs) as Biocides: From Simple Antiseptics to Tunable Antimicrobials. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6793. [PMID: 34202677 PMCID: PMC8268321 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) belong to a well-known class of cationic biocides with a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity. They are used as essential components in surfactants, personal hygiene products, cosmetics, softeners, dyes, biological dyes, antiseptics, and disinfectants. Simple but varied in their structure, QACs are divided into several subclasses: Mono-, bis-, multi-, and poly-derivatives. Since the beginning of the 20th century, a significant amount of work has been dedicated to the advancement of this class of biocides. Thus, more than 700 articles on QACs were published only in 2020, according to the modern literature. The structural variability and diverse biological activity of ionic liquids (ILs) make them highly prospective for developing new types of biocides. QACs and ILs bear a common key element in the molecular structure-quaternary positively charged nitrogen atoms within a cyclic or acyclic structural framework. The state-of-the-art research level and paramount demand in modern society recall the rapid development of a new generation of tunable antimicrobials. This review focuses on the main QACs exhibiting antimicrobial and antifungal properties, commercial products based on QACs, and the latest discoveries in QACs and ILs connected with biocide development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly N. Vereshchagin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (N.A.F.); (K.S.E.); (M.M.S.)
| | | | | | | | - Valentine P. Ananikov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (N.A.F.); (K.S.E.); (M.M.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Vereshchagin AN, Frolov NA, Konyuhova VY, Kapelistaya EA, Hansford KA, Egorov MP. Investigations into the structure-activity relationship in gemini QACs based on biphenyl and oxydiphenyl linker. RSC Adv 2021; 11:3429-3438. [PMID: 35424282 PMCID: PMC8693992 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra08900a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Eighteen novel gemini quaternary ammonium compounds were synthesized to examine the effect of linker nature, aliphatic chain length and their relative position on antibacterial and antifungal activity. The synthesized compounds showed strong bacteriostatic activity against a panel of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and two fungi. Some of these compounds exhibited a wider and more potent antimicrobial spectrum than commonly-used antiseptics, such as benzalkonium chloride (BAC), cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), chlorhexidine digluconate (CHG) and octenidine dihydrochloride (OCT).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly N Vereshchagin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences 47 Leninsky Procpekt 119991 Moscow Russia
| | - Nikita A Frolov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences 47 Leninsky Procpekt 119991 Moscow Russia
| | - Valeria Yu Konyuhova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences 47 Leninsky Procpekt 119991 Moscow Russia
| | - Ekaterina A Kapelistaya
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences 47 Leninsky Procpekt 119991 Moscow Russia
| | - Karl A Hansford
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland 4072 Australia
| | - Mikhail P Egorov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences 47 Leninsky Procpekt 119991 Moscow Russia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pisárčik M, Lukáč M, Jampílek J, Bilka F, Bilková A, Pašková Ľ, Devínsky F, Horáková R, Opravil T. Phosphonium surfactant stabilised silver nanoparticles. Correlation of surfactant structure with physical properties and biological activity of silver nanoparticles. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.113683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
5
|
Zhou C, Wang Y. Structure–activity relationship of cationic surfactants as antimicrobial agents. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2019.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
6
|
Suzuki K, Nomura I, Ninomiya M, Tanaka K, Koketsu M. Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of β-carboline derivatives with N2-alkyl modifications. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:2976-2978. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
|
7
|
Pisárčik M, Jampílek J, Lukáč M, Horáková R, Devínsky F, Bukovský M, Kalina M, Tkacz J, Opravil T. Silver Nanoparticles Stabilised by Cationic Gemini Surfactants with Variable Spacer Length. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22101794. [PMID: 29065563 PMCID: PMC6151783 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22101794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study is focused on the synthesis and investigation of the physicochemical and biological properties of silver nanoparticles stabilized with a series of cationic gemini surfactants having a polymethylene spacer of variable length. UV-VIS spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscopy and zeta potential measurements were applied to provide physicochemical characterization of the silver nanoparticles. The mean size values of the nanoparticles were found to be in the 50 to 115 nm range. From the nanoparticle size distributions and scanning electron microscopy images it results that a population of small nanoparticles with the size of several nanometers was confirmed if the nanoparticles were stabilized with gemini molecules with either a short methylene spacer (two or four −CH2− groups) or a long spacer (12 −CH2− groups). The average zeta potential value for silver nanoparticles stabilized with gemini molecules is roughly independent of gemini surfactant spacer length and is approx. +58 mV. An interaction model between silver nanoparticles and gemini molecules which reflects the gained experimental data, is suggested. Microbicidal activity determinations revealed that the silver nanoparticles stabilized with gemini surfactants are more efficient against Gram-negative bacteria and yeasts, which has a direct relation to the interaction mechanism of nanoparticles with the bacterial cell membrane and its structural composition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Pisárčik
- Department of Chemical Theory of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Kalinčiakova 8, Bratislava SK-83232, Slovakia.
| | - Josef Jampílek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Bratislava SK-83232, Slovakia.
| | - Miloš Lukáč
- Department of Chemical Theory of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Kalinčiakova 8, Bratislava SK-83232, Slovakia.
| | - Renáta Horáková
- Department of Chemical Theory of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Kalinčiakova 8, Bratislava SK-83232, Slovakia.
| | - Ferdinand Devínsky
- Department of Chemical Theory of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Kalinčiakova 8, Bratislava SK-83232, Slovakia.
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Kalinčiakova 8, Bratislava SK-83232, Slovakia.
| | - Marián Bukovský
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Bratislava SK-83232, Slovakia.
| | - Michal Kalina
- Materials Research Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, CZ-61200 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Jakub Tkacz
- Materials Research Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, CZ-61200 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Tomáš Opravil
- Materials Research Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, CZ-61200 Brno, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Laguerre M, Bayrasy C, Panya A, Weiss J, McClements DJ, Lecomte J, Decker EA, Villeneuve P. What makes good antioxidants in lipid-based systems? The next theories beyond the polar paradox. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2015; 55:183-201. [PMID: 24915410 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2011.650335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The polar paradox states that polar antioxidants are more active in bulk lipids than their nonpolar counterparts, whereas nonpolar antioxidants are more effective in oil-in-water emulsion than their polar homologs. However, recent results, showing that not all antioxidants behave in a manner proposed by this hypothesis in oil and emulsion, lead us to revisit the polar paradox and to put forward new concepts, hypotheses, and theories. In bulk oil, new evidences have been brought to demonstrate that the crucial site of oxidation is not the air-oil interface, as postulated by the polar paradox, but association colloids formed with traces of water and surface active molecules such as phospholipids. The role of these association colloids on lipid oxidation and its inhibition by antioxidant is also addressed as well as the complex influence of the hydrophobicity on the ability of antioxidants to protect lipids from oxidation. In oil-in water emulsion, we have covered the recently discovered non linear (or cut-off) influence of the hydrophobicity on antioxidant capacity. For the first time, different mechanisms of action are formulated in details to try to account for this nonlinear effect. As suggested by the great amount of biological studies showing a cut-off effect, this phenomenon could be widespread in dispersed lipid systems including emulsions and liposomes as well as in living systems such as cultured cells. Works on the cut-off effect paves the way for the determination of the critical chain length which corresponds to the threshold beyond which antioxidant capacity suddenly collapses. The systematic search for this new physico-chemical parameter will allow designing novel phenolipids and other amphiphilic antioxidants in a rational fashion. Finally, in both bulk oils and emulsions, we feel that it is now time for a paradigm shift from the polar paradox to the next theories.
Collapse
|
9
|
Synthesis and Characterization of Cationic Surfactants Based on N-Hexamethylenetetramine as Active Microfouling Agents. J SURFACTANTS DETERG 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11743-014-1662-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
10
|
Tyagi S, Tyagi VK. Novel Cationic Gemini Surfactants and Methods for Determination of Their Antimicrobial Activity – Review. TENSIDE SURFACT DET 2014. [DOI: 10.3139/113.110319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Newly series of Gemini surfactants have emerged which are composed of two hydrophobic tails and two cationic head groups linked by spacer group. Today, these cationic Gemini surfactants are attracting attention of the researchers as these surfactants are more efficient in lowering surface tension as the conventional ones. Cationic Gemini surfactants have lower critical micelle concentrations (CMC) and higher surface tension reduction as compared to those of corresponding monoalkyl ammonium salts. They have wide industrial and household applications. They can be used as emulsifiers, dispersing and anti-foaming agents etc. Cationic Gemini surfactants show good antimicrobial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Antimicrobial activity has also been studied against fungi and yeast species. These cationic Gemini surfactants can be used as antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral agents. This review paper deals with synthesis, antimicrobial activity, methods for determining antimicrobial activity (MIC means minimum inhibitory concentration) and applications of cationic Gemini surfactants.
Collapse
|
11
|
Melin VE, Potineni H, Hunt P, Griswold J, Siems B, Werre SR, Hrubec TC. Exposure to common quaternary ammonium disinfectants decreases fertility in mice. Reprod Toxicol 2014; 50:163-70. [PMID: 25483128 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2014.07.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 06/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) are antimicrobial disinfectants commonly used in commercial and household settings. Extensive use of QACs results in ubiquitous human exposure, yet reproductive toxicity has not been evaluated. Decreased reproductive performance in laboratory mice coincided with the introduction of a disinfectant containing both alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (ADBAC) and didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (DDAC). QACs were detected in caging material over a period of several months following cessation of disinfectant use. Breeding pairs exposed for six months to a QAC disinfectant exhibited decreases in fertility and fecundity: increased time to first litter, longer pregnancy intervals, fewer pups per litter and fewer pregnancies. Significant morbidity in near term dams was also observed. In summary, exposure to a common QAC disinfectant mixture significantly impaired reproductive health in mice. This study illustrates the importance of assessing mixture toxicity of commonly used products whose components have only been evaluated individually.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa E Melin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, VA-MD Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, VA Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
| | - Haritha Potineni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, VA-MD Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, VA Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
| | - Patricia Hunt
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, United States
| | - Jodi Griswold
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, United States
| | - Bill Siems
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, United States
| | - Stephen R Werre
- Laboratory for Study Design and Statistical Analysis, VA-MD Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, VA Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
| | - Terry C Hrubec
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, VA-MD Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, VA Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States; E. Via College of Osteopathic Medicine Virginia Campus, Blacksburg, VA 24060, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang Y, Ding M, Zhou L, Tan H, Li J, Xiao H, Li J, Snow J. Synthesis and antibacterial characterization of gemini surfactant monomers and copolymers. Polym Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2py00558a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
13
|
Kuperkar K, Modi J, Patel K. Surface-Active Properties and Antimicrobial Study of Conventional Cationic and Synthesized Symmetrical Gemini Surfactants. J SURFACTANTS DETERG 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11743-011-1269-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
14
|
In vitro antifungal activities of bis(alkylpyridinium)alkane compounds against pathogenic yeasts and molds. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2010; 54:3233-40. [PMID: 20530227 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00231-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ten bis(alkylpyridinium)alkane compounds were tested for antifungal activity against 19 species (26 isolates) of yeasts and molds. We then determined the MICs and minimum fungicidal concentrations (MFCs) of four of the most active compounds (compounds 1, 4, 5, and 8) against 80 Candida and 20 cryptococcal isolates, in comparison with the MICs of amphotericin B, fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole, and caspofungin, using Clinical Laboratory and Standards Institutes broth microdulition M27-A3 (yeasts) or M38-A2 (filamentous fungi) susceptibility protocols. The compounds were more potent against Candida and Cryptococcus spp. (MIC range, 0.74 to 27.9 microg/ml) than molds (0.74 to 59.7 microg/ml). MICs against Exophiala were 0.37 to 5.9 microg/ml and as low as 1.48 microg/ml for Scedosporium but >or=25 microg/ml for zygomycetes, Aspergillus, and Fusarium spp. Compounds 1, 4, 5, and 8 exhibited good fungicidal activity against Candida and Cryptococcus, except for Candida parapsilosis (MICs of >44 mug/ml). Geometric mean (GM) MICs were similar to those of amphotericin B and lower than or comparable to fluconazole GM MICs but 10- to 100-fold greater than those for the other azoles. GM MICs against Candida glabrata were <1 microg/ml, significantly lower than fluconazole GM MICs (P<0.001) and similar to those of itraconazole, posaconazole, and voriconazole (GM MIC range of 0.4 to 1.23 microg/ml). The GM MIC of compound 4 against Candida guilliermondii was lower than that of fluconazole (1.69 microg/ml versus 7.48 microg/ml; P=0.012). MICs against Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii were similar to those of fluconazole. The GM MIC of compound 4 was significantly higher for C. neoformans (3.83 mug/ml versus 1.81 microg/ml for C. gattii; P=0.015). This study has identified clinically relevant in vitro antifungal activities of novel bisalkypyridinium alkane compounds.
Collapse
|
15
|
Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of a series of optically active quaternary ammonium salts derived from phenylalanine. OPEN CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.2478/s11532-009-0126-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractWe synthesized nine quaternary ammonium compounds (QUATs) starting from phenylalanine, N-alkyl-N,N-dimethyl-(1-hydroxy-3-phenylpropyl)-2-ammonium bromides, which were prepared as optically pure substances. Five compounds were prepared as S-enantiomers and four compounds as R-enantiomers. These compounds were evaluated by their activities against bacteria and fungi. Three microbial strains were used in the study: the gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli, the gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and the fungi Candida albicans. The activities were expressed as minimum bactericidal or fungicidal concentrations (MBC). The most active compounds were (2S)-N-tetradecyl-N,N-dimethyl-(1-hydroxy-3-phenylpropyl)-2-ammonium bromide and (2R)-N-tetradecyl-N,N-dimethyl-(1-hydroxy-3-phenylpropyl)-2-ammonium bromide, with MBC values exceeding those of commercial benzalkoniumbromide (BAB) used as standard. The relationships between structure and biological activity of the tested QUATs were quantified by the bilinear model (QSAR) and are discussed.
Collapse
|
16
|
Murugan E, Gopinath P, Shanmugayya V, Mathivanan N. Antibacterial activity of novel insoluble bead-shaped polymer-supported multiquaternary ammonium salts. J Appl Polym Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/app.32284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
17
|
|
18
|
Tan H, Xiao H. Synthesis and antimicrobial characterization of novel l-lysine gemini surfactants pended with reactive groups. Tetrahedron Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.01.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
19
|
Synthesis and characterization of antimicrobial cationic surfactants: Aminopyridinium salts. J SURFACTANTS DETERG 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s11743-006-5010-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
20
|
Kourai H, Yabuhara T, Shirai A, Maeda T, Nagamune H. Syntheses and antimicrobial activities of a series of new bis-quaternary ammonium compounds. Eur J Med Chem 2006; 41:437-44. [PMID: 16517025 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2005.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2005] [Revised: 10/20/2005] [Accepted: 10/26/2005] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A series of new bis-quaternary ammonium compounds (bis-QACs), 4,4'-(2,9-dioxadecane) bis(1-alkylpyridinium bromide)s, 3,3'-(2,9-dioxadecane)bis(1-alkylpyridinium bromide)s and 3,3'-(2,7-dioxaoctane)bis(1-decylpyridinium bromide) was synthesized. The compounds were evaluated by their activities against bacteria, molds and yeasts; the activities were expressed as the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and/or the minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC). Compound 4,4'-(2,9-dioxadecane) bis(1-decylpyridinium bromide) had MIC values which exceeded those of benzalkoniumchloride and thiabendazole. It was in vitro active against a broad spectrum of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, against yeasts and some molds, it had high solubility and thermal decomposition temperature. The relationships between structure and biological activity of the tested bis-QACs are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Kourai
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Tokushima, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Buchwald P. General Linearized Biexponential Model for QSAR Data Showing Bilinear-Type Distribution. J Pharm Sci 2005; 94:2355-79. [PMID: 16200570 DOI: 10.1002/jps.20438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A major impediment of many QSAR-type analyses is that the data show a maximum or minimum and can no longer be adequately described by linear functions that provide unrivaled simplicity and usually give good description over more restricted ranges. Here, a general linearized biexponential (LinBiExp) model is proposed that can adequately describe data showing bilinear-type distribution as a function of not just often-employed lipophilicity descriptors (e.g., log P) but as a function of any descriptor (e.g., molecular volume). Contrary to Hansch-type parabolic models, LinBiExp allows the natural extension of linear models and fitting of asymmetrical data. It is also more general and intuitive than Kubinyi's model as it has a more natural functional form. It was obtained by a differential equation-based approach starting from very general assumptions that cover both static equilibria and first-order kinetic processes and that involve abstract processes through which the concentration of the compound of interest in an assumed "effect" compartment is connected to its "external" concentration. Physicochemical aspects placing LinBiExp within the framework of linear free energy relationship (LFER) approaches are presented together with illustrative applications in various fields such as toxicity, antimicrobial activity, anticholinergic activity, and glucocorticoid receptor binding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Buchwald
- IVAX Research, Inc., 4400 Biscayne Blvd., Miami, Florida 33137, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ohkura K, Sukeno A, Yamamoto K, Nagamune H, Maeda T, Kourai H. Analysis of structural features of bis-quaternary ammonium antimicrobial agents 4,4′-(α,ω-Polymethylenedithio)bis (1-alkylpyridinium iodide)s using computational simulation. Bioorg Med Chem 2003; 11:5035-43. [PMID: 14604666 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2003.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The bis-quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) consisted of two identical alkylpyridinium rings and a bridge structure linking the rings to each other. The QACs have a methylene bridge except for 4DCABP-P,12 which has a phenyl ring as a bridge. These bis-QACs are as follows; amide type: N,N'-tetramethylenebis(1-dodecyl-4-carbamoylpyridinium iodide) (4BCAP-4,12), N,N'-hexamethylenebis(1-decyl-4-carbamoylpyridinium iodide) (4BCAP-6,10), anti-amide type: 4,4'-(1,4-tetramethylenedicarbonyldiamine)bis(1-decylpyridinium iodide) (4DCABP-4,10), 4,4'-(1,4-tetramethylenedicarbonyldiamine)bis (1-dodecylpyridinium iodide) (4DCABP-4,12), 4,4'-(1,4-phenyldicarbonyldiamine)bis(1-dodecylpyridinium iodide) (4DCABP-P,12), ester type: 4,4'-(1,6-hexamethylenedioxydicarbonyl)bis(1-dodecylpyridinium iodide) (4DOCBP-6,12), thioether type: 4,4'-(1,6-hexamethylenedithio)bis(1-octylpyridinium iodide) (4DTBP-6,8). From the investigation of the relationship between the median lethal dose (LD(50)) and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of these compounds, 4DTBP-6,8 as a disinfectant, seems to be very safe for human cells. The global minimum of 4DTBP-6,8 were searched and 1125 conformers obtained. The solvation free energy (dGW) of nine samples, which were extracted from these 1125 conformers, was calculated and two minimum points of dGW were observed. In the conformer-energy analysis of four types of model bridge-molecule, the thioether type bridge indicated a gradual energy increment, while the other three (amide, anti-amide, ester) types indicated an energy jump point in their profiles. Then we considered that the delicate balance between hydrophobicity and structural feature in the bridge-region of 4DTBP-6,8 molecule seemed to be related to its safety antibacterial activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuto Ohkura
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, University of Tokushima, 2-1Minamijosanjima-cho, 770-8506, Tokushima, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Massi L, Guittard F, Levy R, Duccini Y, Géribaldi S. Preparation and antimicrobial behaviour of gemini fluorosurfactants. Eur J Med Chem 2003; 38:519-23. [PMID: 12767602 DOI: 10.1016/s0223-5234(03)00059-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of perfluorinated chains in the molecular structure of quaternary ammonium gemini surfactants have led to particularly active antimicrobial agents evaluated in this work. Connectors and spacers were studied in relation with antimicrobial activity in order to determine which molecular parameters are "critical" for biological activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lionel Massi
- Chimie des matériaux organiques et métalliques (CMOM), Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, faculté des sciences, parc valrose, 28 avenue de valrose, 06108 Nice cedex 2, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Massi L, Guittard F, Géribaldi S, Levy R, Duccini Y. Antimicrobial properties of highly fluorinated bis-ammonium salts. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2003; 21:20-6. [PMID: 12507834 DOI: 10.1016/s0924-8579(02)00271-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Four series of new highly fluorinated bisammoniums (Quaterfluo Tx, Quaterfluo Bx, Quaterfluo Cx, Quaterfluo Dx) were tested to evaluate their anti-bacterial and anti-fungal properties. Four microbial strains were used to perform the study: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. The antimicrobial efficacy was measured by bacterial and fungal growth inhibition expressed as minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values. The Quaterfluo Tx series had very good antimicrobial activity, particularly against Gram-negative bacteria. A speed of kill test carried out with Quaterfluo T3 showed bactericidal activity. The introduction of perfluorinated chains into the quaternary ammonium surfactant structure leads to particularly active antimicrobial agents which not only have bacteriostatic properties but which could be also powerful bactericides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Massi
- Laboratory of Chimie des Matériaux Organiques et Métalliques (CMOM), Faculté des sciences, Université de Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, Parc Valrose, 28 avenue de Valrose, F-06108 Nice Cedex-2, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
|