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Dawson K, Seeman P, Sebald E, King L, Edwards M, Williams III J, Mundlos S, Krakow D. GDF5 is a second locus for multiple-synostosis syndrome. Am J Hum Genet 2006; 78:708-12. [PMID: 16532400 PMCID: PMC1424701 DOI: 10.1086/503204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2005] [Accepted: 01/20/2006] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple-synostosis syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by progressive symphalangism, carpal/tarsal fusions, deafness, and mild facial dysmorphism. Heterozygosity for functional null mutations in the NOGGIN gene has been shown to be responsible for the disorder. However, in a cohort of six probands with multiple-synostosis syndrome, only one was found to be heterozygous for a NOGGIN mutation (W205X). Linkage studies involving the four-generation family of one of the mutation-negative patients excluded the NOGGIN locus, providing genetic evidence of locus heterogeneity. In this family, polymorphic markers flanking the GDF5 locus were found to cosegregate with the disease, and sequence analysis demonstrated that affected individuals in the family were heterozygous for a novel missense mutation that predicts an R438L substitution in the GDF5 protein. Unlike mutations that lead to haploinsufficiency for GDF5 and produce brachydactyly C, the protein encoded by the multiple-synostosis-syndrome allele was secreted as a mature GDF5 dimer. These data establish locus heterogeneity in multiple-synostosis syndrome and demonstrate that the disorder can result from mutations in either the NOGGIN or the GDF5 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Dawson
- Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, CA; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics and Institute of Medical Genetics, Charite Universtatsmedizin, Berlin; Medical Genetics Institute, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, and David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California–Los Angeles, Los Angeles; and Hunter Genetics, Hunter Area Health Service, University of Newcastle, Waratah, Australia
| | - Petra Seeman
- Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, CA; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics and Institute of Medical Genetics, Charite Universtatsmedizin, Berlin; Medical Genetics Institute, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, and David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California–Los Angeles, Los Angeles; and Hunter Genetics, Hunter Area Health Service, University of Newcastle, Waratah, Australia
| | - Eiman Sebald
- Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, CA; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics and Institute of Medical Genetics, Charite Universtatsmedizin, Berlin; Medical Genetics Institute, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, and David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California–Los Angeles, Los Angeles; and Hunter Genetics, Hunter Area Health Service, University of Newcastle, Waratah, Australia
| | - Lily King
- Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, CA; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics and Institute of Medical Genetics, Charite Universtatsmedizin, Berlin; Medical Genetics Institute, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, and David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California–Los Angeles, Los Angeles; and Hunter Genetics, Hunter Area Health Service, University of Newcastle, Waratah, Australia
| | - Matthew Edwards
- Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, CA; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics and Institute of Medical Genetics, Charite Universtatsmedizin, Berlin; Medical Genetics Institute, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, and David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California–Los Angeles, Los Angeles; and Hunter Genetics, Hunter Area Health Service, University of Newcastle, Waratah, Australia
| | - John Williams III
- Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, CA; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics and Institute of Medical Genetics, Charite Universtatsmedizin, Berlin; Medical Genetics Institute, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, and David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California–Los Angeles, Los Angeles; and Hunter Genetics, Hunter Area Health Service, University of Newcastle, Waratah, Australia
| | - Stephan Mundlos
- Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, CA; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics and Institute of Medical Genetics, Charite Universtatsmedizin, Berlin; Medical Genetics Institute, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, and David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California–Los Angeles, Los Angeles; and Hunter Genetics, Hunter Area Health Service, University of Newcastle, Waratah, Australia
| | - Deborah Krakow
- Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, CA; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics and Institute of Medical Genetics, Charite Universtatsmedizin, Berlin; Medical Genetics Institute, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, and David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California–Los Angeles, Los Angeles; and Hunter Genetics, Hunter Area Health Service, University of Newcastle, Waratah, Australia
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