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Impact of Immune Parameters and Immune Dysfunctions on the Prognosis of Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13153856. [PMID: 34359757 PMCID: PMC8345723 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), immune alterations—affecting both the innate and adaptive immunity—are very common. As a clinical consequence, patients with CLL frequently present with autoimmune phenomena, increased risk of infections and second malignancies. The aim of this review article is to present available data on CLL-associated alterations of immune parameters that correlate with known prognostic markers and with clinical outcome. Also, data on the impact of immune-related clinical manifestations on the prognosis of patients with CLL will be discussed. Abstract Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is characterized by a wide spectrum of immune alterations, affecting both the innate and adaptive immunity. These immune dysfunctions strongly impact the immune surveillance, facilitate tumor progression and eventually affect the disease course. Quantitative and functional alterations involving conventional T cells, γδ T cells, regulatory T cells, NK and NKT cells, and myeloid cells, together with hypogammaglobulinemia, aberrations in the complement pathways and altered cytokine signature have been reported in patients with CLL. Some of these immune parameters have been shown to associate with other CLL-related characteristics with a known prognostic relevance or to correlate with disease prognosis. Also, in CLL, the complex immune response dysfunctions eventually translate in clinical manifestations, including autoimmune phenomena, increased risk of infections and second malignancies. These clinical issues are overall the most common complications that affect the course and management of CLL, and they also may impact overall disease prognosis.
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2
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Saberi Hosnijeh F, van der Straten L, Kater AP, van Oers MHJ, Posthuma WFM, Chamuleau MED, Bellido M, Doorduijn JK, van Gelder M, Hoogendoorn M, de Boer F, Te Raa GD, Kerst JM, Marijt EWA, Raymakers RAP, Koene HR, Schaafsma MR, Dobber JA, Tonino SH, Kersting SS, Langerak AW, Levin MD. Proteomic markers with prognostic impact on outcome of chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients under chemo-immunotherapy: results from the HOVON 109 study. Exp Hematol 2020; 89:55-60.e6. [PMID: 32781097 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2020.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Despite recent identification of several prognostic markers, there is still a need for new prognostic parameters able to predict clinical outcome in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients. Here, we aimed to validate the prognostic ability of known (proteomic) markers measured pretreatment and to search for new proteomic markers that might be related to treatment response in CLL. To this end, baseline serum samples of 51 CLL patients treated with chemo-immunotherapy were analyzed for 360 proteomic markers, using Olink technology. Median event-free survival (EFS) was 23 months (range: 1.25-60.9). Patients with high levels of sCD23 (>11.27, p = 0.026), sCD27 (>11.03, p = 0.04), SPINT1 (>1.6, p = 0.001), and LY9 (>8.22, p = 0.0003) had a shorter EFS than those with marker levels below the median. The effect of sCD23 on EFS differed between immunoglobulin heavy chain variable gene-mutated and unmutated patients, with the shortest EFS for unmutated CLL patients with sCD23 levels above the median. Taken together, our results validate the prognostic impact of sCD23 and highlight SPINT1 and LY9 as possible promising markers for treatment response in CLL patients.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Biomarkers, Tumor/blood
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Chlorambucil
- Disease-Free Survival
- Female
- Gene Expression
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/blood
- Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/genetics
- Immunotherapy/methods
- Lenalidomide
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/mortality
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/therapy
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Mutation
- Prognosis
- Proteinase Inhibitory Proteins, Secretory/blood
- Proteinase Inhibitory Proteins, Secretory/genetics
- Proteomics/methods
- Receptors, IgE/blood
- Receptors, IgE/genetics
- Rituximab
- Signaling Lymphocytic Activation Molecule Family/blood
- Signaling Lymphocytic Activation Molecule Family/genetics
- Treatment Outcome
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 7/blood
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 7/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Saberi Hosnijeh
- Department of Immunology, Laboratory Medical Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Lina van der Straten
- Department of Immunology, Laboratory Medical Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Arnon P Kater
- Department of Hematology and Lymphoma and Myeloma Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marinus H J van Oers
- Department of Hematology and Lymphoma and Myeloma Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ward F M Posthuma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, The Netherlands; Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Mar Bellido
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeanette K Doorduijn
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michel van Gelder
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Mels Hoogendoorn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Center, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
| | - Fransien de Boer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ikazia Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - G Doreen Te Raa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gelderland Valley Hospital, Ede, The Netherlands
| | - J Martijn Kerst
- Department of Medical Oncology, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erik W A Marijt
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Harry R Koene
- Department of Internal Medicine, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn R Schaafsma
- Department of Hematology, Medical Spectrum Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Johan A Dobber
- Laboratory Special Hematology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sanne H Tonino
- Department of Hematology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Anton W Langerak
- Department of Immunology, Laboratory Medical Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark-David Levin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, The Netherlands
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3
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Alizadeh M, Safarzadeh A, Hoseini SA, Piryaei R, Mansoori B, Hajiasgharzadeh K, Baghbanzadeh A, Baradaran B. The potentials of immune checkpoints for the treatment of blood malignancies. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2020; 153:103031. [PMID: 32622320 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2020.103031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoints are the regulators of the immune system, which include stimulatory and inhibitory receptors. They play substantial roles in the maintenance of immune system homeostasis and the prevention of autoimmunity and cancer. In the current review, immune checkpoints roles are surveyed in the initiation, progression, and treatment of blood malignancies. The significant roles of immune checkpoints are discussed as clinical markers in the diagnosis and prognosis of a plethora of blood malignancies and also as potential targets for the treatment of these malignancies. It could be concluded that the regulation of immune checkpoints in various blood cancers can be employed as a novel strategy to obtain effective results in leukemia treatment and introduce immune checkpoint inhibitors as sufficient weapons against blood cancers in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Alizadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Safarzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Hoseini
- Department of Genetic, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Piryaei
- Student Research Committee, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Behzad Mansoori
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Amir Baghbanzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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4
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Wakim J, Arman E, Becker-Herman S, Kramer MP, Bakos E, Shachar I, Elson A. The PTPROt tyrosine phosphatase functions as an obligate haploinsufficient tumor suppressor in vivo in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Oncogene 2017; 36:3686-3694. [PMID: 28166196 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The tyrosine phosphatase PTPROt is a suggested tumor suppressor (TS) in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and its expression is reduced in this disease. In order to examine how reduced PTPROt expression affects CLL in vivo we induced CLL in PTPROt-targeted mice. Unexpectedly, loss of both Ptprot alleles delayed disease detection and progression and lengthened survival relative to mice carrying two intact alleles, indicating that PTPROt fulfills a novel tumor-promoting role in CLL. Tumor cells from mice lacking PTPROt exhibited reduced B-cell receptor (BCR)-induced signaling, as well as increased apoptosis and autophagy. Inhibition of BCR/Src signaling in CLL cells induced their apoptosis, indicating that these findings are linked causally. These results suggest a cell-autonomous mechanism for the weakened CLL phenotype of PTPROt-deficient mice and uncover non-redundant roles for PTPROt in support of BCR signaling and survival of CLL cells. In contrast, loss of only one Ptprot allele induced earlier detection and progression of CLL and reduced survival, consistent with a tumor-suppressing role for PTPROt. Tumor cells from mice lacking one or both Ptprot allele exhibited increased interleukin-10 (IL-10) expression and signaling, factors known to support CLL; cells lacking one Ptprot alleles exhibited normal BCR signaling and cell death rates. We conclude that loss of one Ptprot allele promotes CLL, most likely by activating IL-10 signaling. Loss of both Ptprot alleles also reduces BCR signaling and increases cell death rates, offsetting the IL-10 effects and reducing the severity of the disease. PTPROt thus functions as an obligate haploinsufficient TS in CLL, where its expression levels determine its role as a promoter or inhibitor of the tumorigenic process in mice. Partial loss of PTPROt generates the strongest disease phenotype, suggesting that its intermediate expression levels in CLL are selected for.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wakim
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - E Arman
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - S Becker-Herman
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - M P Kramer
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - E Bakos
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - I Shachar
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - A Elson
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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5
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Cytokine release in patients with CLL treated with obinutuzumab and possible relationship with infusion-related reactions. Blood 2015; 126:2646-9. [PMID: 26447188 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-09-670802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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6
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Burchill MA, Tamburini BA, Kedl RM. T cells compete by cleaving cell surface CD27 and blocking access to CD70-bearing APCs. Eur J Immunol 2015; 45:3140-9. [PMID: 26179759 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201545749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
T cells compete against each other for access to molecules on APCs in addition to peptide/MHC complexes. However, the identity of cell surface molecules that influence T-cell competition, other than peptide/MHC, have yet to be defined. Here, we identify CD70, a TNF ligand expressed on activated APCs, as an important mediator of T-cell competition for APCs. Upon engagement of CD27 by CD70, CD27 is proteolytically cleaved from the surface of the interacting CD8(+) T cell and captured by CD70 expressing dendritic cells. The capture of CD27 effectively masks CD70 on APCs, disallowing the interaction with CD27 on other competing T cells. Collectively, our data indicate that T cells compete against each other for access to the TNF-ligand CD70, an interaction that affects the duration and potency of T cell/DC interactions, thus influencing the repertoire of responding CD8(+) T cells to self or foreign antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Burchill
- School of Medicine, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Beth A Tamburini
- School of Medicine, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ross M Kedl
- School of Medicine, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
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7
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Kaaks R, Sookthai D, Łuczyńska A, Oakes CC, Becker S, Johnson T, Johansson A, Melin B, Sjöberg K, Trichopoulos D, Trichopoulou A, Lagiou P, Mattiello A, Tumino R, Masala G, Agnoli C, Boeing H, Aleksandrova K, Brennan P, Franceschi S, Roulland S, Casabonne D, de Sanjose S, Sánchez MJ, Huerta JM, Ardanaz E, Sala N, Overvad K, Tjønneland A, Halkjær J, Weiderpass E, Bueno-de-Mesquita HBA, Vermeulen R, Peeters PH, Vineis P, Kelly RS, Khaw KT, Travis RC, Key TJ, Riboli E, Nieters A. Lag times between lymphoproliferative disorder and clinical diagnosis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a prospective analysis using plasma soluble CD23. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2015; 24:538-45. [PMID: 25542829 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-14-1107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a chronic disease that often progresses slowly from a precursor stage, monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis (MBL), and that can remain undiagnosed for a long time. METHODS Within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer cohort, we measured prediagnostic plasma sCD23 for 179 individuals who eventually were diagnosed with CLL and an equal number of matched control subjects who remained free of cancer. RESULTS In a very large proportion of CLL patients' plasma sCD23 was clearly elevated 7 or more years before diagnosis. Considering sCD23 as a disease predictor, the area under the ROC curve (AUROC) was 0.95 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.90-1.00] for CLL diagnosed within 0.1 to 2.7 years after blood measurement, 0.90 (95% CI, 0.86-0.95) for diagnosis within 2.8 to 7.3 years, and 0.76 (95% CI, 0.65-0.86) for CLL diagnosed between 7.4 and 12.5 years. Even at a 7.4-year and longer time interval, elevated plasma sCD23 could predict a later clinical diagnosis of CLL with 100% specificity at >45% sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide unique documentation for the very long latency times during which measurable B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder exists before the clinical manifestation of CLL. IMPACT Our findings have relevance for the interpretation of prospective epidemiologic studies on the causes of CLL in terms of reverse causation bias. The lag times indicate a time frame within which an early detection of CLL would be theoretically possible. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 24(3); 538-45. ©2014 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf Kaaks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Disorn Sookthai
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna Łuczyńska
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christopher C Oakes
- Division of Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Susen Becker
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases (LIFE), University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Theron Johnson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Annsofie Johansson
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Beatrice Melin
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Klas Sjöberg
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Malmö, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Dimitrios Trichopoulos
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece. Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts. Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Antonia Trichopoulou
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece. Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Pagona Lagiou
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts. Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece. Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology, and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Goudi, Athens, Greece
| | - Amalia Mattiello
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II, University, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosario Tumino
- Cancer Registry and Histopathology Unit, "Civic-M.P.Arezzo" Hospital, ASP Ragusa, Italy
| | - Giovanna Masala
- Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute-ISPO, Florence, Italy
| | - Claudia Agnoli
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori Via Venezian, Milano, Italy
| | - Heiner Boeing
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE) Potsdam-Rehbrüucke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Krasimira Aleksandrova
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE) Potsdam-Rehbrüucke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Paul Brennan
- Section of Genetics, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Silvia Franceschi
- Infections and Cancer Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Sandrine Roulland
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Delphine Casabonne
- Unit of Infections and Cancer (UNIC), IDIBELL, Institut Català d' Oncologia, L' Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia de Sanjose
- Unit of Infections and Cancer (UNIC), IDIBELL, Institut Català d' Oncologia, L' Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - María-José Sánchez
- Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain. Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Granada.ibs), Granada, Spain
| | - José María Huerta
- Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain. Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council, Murcia, Spain
| | - Eva Ardanaz
- Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain. Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Nuria Sala
- Translational Research Laboratory and Unit of Nutrition, Environment, and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kim Overvad
- Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Jytte Halkjær
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway. Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway. Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. Samfundet Folkhälsan, Helsinki, Finland
| | - H B As Bueno-de-Mesquita
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands. Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands. School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Petra H Peeters
- School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom. Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Paolo Vineis
- School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom. Human Genetic Foundation (HuGeF), Turin, Italy. MRC-HPA Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel S Kelly
- MRC-HPA Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth C Travis
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy J Key
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Elio Riboli
- School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra Nieters
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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8
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Silence K, Dreier T, Moshir M, Ulrichts P, Gabriels SME, Saunders M, Wajant H, Brouckaert P, Huyghe L, Van Hauwermeiren T, Thibault A, De Haard HJ. ARGX-110, a highly potent antibody targeting CD70, eliminates tumors via both enhanced ADCC and immune checkpoint blockade. MAbs 2013; 6:523-32. [PMID: 24492296 DOI: 10.4161/mabs.27398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of CD70 has been documented in a variety of solid and hematological tumors, where it is thought to play a role in tumor proliferation and evasion of immune surveillance. Here, we describe ARGX-110, a defucosylated IgG1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) that selectively targets and neutralizes CD70, the ligand of CD27. ARGX-110 was generated by immunization of outbred llamas. The antibody was germlined to 95% human identity, and its anti-tumor efficacy was tested in several in vitro assays. ARGX-110 binds CD70 with picomolar affinity. In depletion studies, ARGX-110 lyses tumor cells with greater efficacy than its fucosylated version. In addition, ARGX-110 demonstrates strong complement-dependent cytotoxicity and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis activity. ARGX-110 inhibits signaling of CD27, which results in blocking of the activation and proliferation of Tregs. In a Raji xenograft model, administration of the fucosylated version of ARGX-110 resulted in a prolonged survival at doses of 0.1 mg/kg and above. The pharmacokinetics of ARGX-110 was tested in cynomolgus monkeys; the calculated half-life is 12 days. In conclusion, ARGX-110 is a potent blocking mAb with a dual mode of action against both CD70-bearing tumor cells and CD70-dependent Tregs. This antibody is now in a Phase 1 study in patients with advanced malignancies expressing CD70 (NCT01813539).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Harald Wajant
- Division of Molecular Internal Medicine; Department of Internal Medicine II; University Hospital Würzburg; Würzburg, Germany
| | - Peter Brouckaert
- VIB Department for Molecular Biomedical Research; Ghent University; Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Leander Huyghe
- VIB Department for Molecular Biomedical Research; Ghent University; Zwijnaarde, Belgium
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Endogenous IL-8 acts as a CD16 co-activator for natural killer-mediated anti-CD20 B cell depletion in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Leuk Res 2012; 37:440-6. [PMID: 23259986 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2012.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Revised: 10/23/2012] [Accepted: 11/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Rituximab (RTX, anti-CD20 antibody) combined with chemotherapy is currently standard treatment for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Serum level of IL-8 is a prognostic factor for CLL that correlates with disease stage. We investigated whether endogenous IL-8 affects RTX or Obinutuzumab (GA101) B-leukemic depletion mediated by natural killers (NK). Using whole peripheral blood lymphocytes from untreated CLL patients, RTX, but most significantly GA101, were effective in B-cell depletion and NK activation. IL-8 inhibition completely inhibited B-cell depletion by RTX and reduced GA101-induced B-cell depletion. Altogether results underline IL-8 as an endogenous NK co-activator and confirm GA101 therapeutic potential for CLL treatment.
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10
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Lech-Maranda E, Mlynarski W, Grzybowska-Izydorczyk O, Borowiec M, Pastorczak A, Cebula-Obrzut B, Klimkiewicz-Wojciechowska G, Wcislo M, Majewski M, Kotkowska A, Robak T, Warzocha K. Polymorphisms of TNF and IL-10 genes and clinical outcome of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2012; 52:287-96. [PMID: 23225254 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic variations in tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were reported to influence susceptibility to and outcome of patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Therefore, we investigated whether single nucleotide polymorphisms in TNF and IL-10 may play a role in the clinical course of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). TNF-308G>A, IL-10-3575T>A, and IL-10-1082A>G seem to be functionally relevant, were genotyped in 292 previously untreated patients with CLL. The control group consisted of 192 randomly selected blood donors. The patients carrying TNF-308GG and IL-10-1082AA genotypes presented a higher 3-year treatment-free survival (56.6 vs. 40.6%, P = 0.05) as well as a 10-year overall survival (OS) rates (92.3 vs. 57.6%, P = 0.005) than those with other TNF-308 and IL-10-1082 genotype combinations. Multivariate analysis demonstrated the Rai stage (P = 0.0002), IGHV mutation status (P = 0.01), TNF-308G>A (P = 0.03), and TNF/IL-10 polymorphism-based risk groups (P = 0.05) to be independent factors predicting OS. When the mutated IGHV patients were analyzed, the homozygotes TNF-308GG and IL-10-1082AA presented a higher 10-year OS rate than those carrying other TNF-308 and IL-10-1082 genotypes (100 vs. 67.7%, P = 0.01). In the unmutated IGHV patients, only the TNF-308G>A polymorphism influenced OS. The genetic variations in TNF and IL-10 genes work as independent predictors of survival and may play a role in the clinical course of CLL. It suggests inherited ability of the host to shift the balance between the Th1 and Th2 response, which in turn might contribute to the pathogenesis and prognosis of B-cell malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Lech-Maranda
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland.
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Karmali R, Paganessi LA, Frank RR, Jagan S, Larson ML, Venugopal P, Gregory SA, Christopherson KW. Aggressive disease defined by cytogenetics is associated with cytokine dysregulation in CLL/SLL patients. J Leukoc Biol 2012; 93:161-70. [PMID: 23136257 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0612301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Early treatment of CLL/SLL does not impact survival-reflecting limitations in detecting progression early and identifying asymptomatic patients likely to benefit from early treatment. Improved understanding of CLL/SLL biology would identify better prognostic/predictive markers. This study attempts to address these issues by determining the relationship between cytokine aberrations and poor clinical outcomes in CLL/SLL in the context of a genetic-based prognostic model. Fifty-nine serum cytokines/chemokines were measured in 28 untreated CLL/SLL patients. Patients were stratified as GR or int/PR using cytogenetics. Comparison of CLL/SLL with 28 HCs revealed increased expression of Th2 cytokines (IL-10, IL-5, sIL-2Rα; P≤0.01) and decreased levels of Th1 cytokines (IL-17, IL-23, IFN-γ; P≤0.003). In a multivariate analysis of GR versus int/PR groups, differential expression of sIL-2Rα maintained significance with increased expression in int/PR CLL/SLL. With median follow-up of 54.3 months after diagnosis, four patients incurred disease progression, with an IL-17/sIL-2Rα model predicting need for treatment in all cases. In summary, specific cytokine signatures are associated with genetically defined aggressive disease and predict need for therapy. This suggests utility in detecting disease progression early, identifying those likely to incur a survival advantage with early treatment, and directing future therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem Karmali
- Division of Hematology/Oncology/Cell Therapy, Rush University Medical Center, 1725 W. Harrison St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Kyiak I, Fartushok NV, Onyshchuk I, Fedevych I, Bashta HV. Profile of proinflammatory cytokines in type 1 diabetes mellitus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.15407/fz58.05.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Abstract
Individual cytokines and groups of cytokines that might represent networks in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) were analyzed and their prognostic values determined. Serum levels of 23 cytokines were measured in 84 patients and 49 age-matched controls; 17 levels were significantly elevated in patients. Unsupervised hierarchical bicluster analysis identified 3 clusters (CLs) of highly correlated but differentially expressed cytokines: CL1 (CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11, CCL3, CCL4, CCL19, IL-5, IL-12, and IFNγ), CL2 (TNFα, IL-6, IL-8, and GM-CSF), and CL3 (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-15, IL-17, and IFNα). Combination scores integrating expression of CL1/CL2 or CL1/CL3 strongly correlated (P < .005) with time-to-first-treatment and overall survival (OS), respectively. Patients with the worst course had high CL1 and low CL2 or CL3 levels. Multivariate analysis revealed that CL1/CL2 combination score and immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region mutation status were independent prognostic indicators for time-to-first-treatment, whereas CL1/CL3 combination score and immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region mutation status were independent markers for OS. Thus, we identified groups of cytokines differentially expressed in CLL that are independent prognostic indicators of aggressive disease and OS. These findings indicate the value of multicytokine analyses for prognosis and suggest therapeutic strategies in CLL aimed at reducing CL1 and increasing CL2/CL3 cytokines.
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Chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells induce anti-apoptotic effects of bone marrow stroma. Ann Hematol 2011; 90:1381-90. [DOI: 10.1007/s00277-011-1218-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2011] [Accepted: 03/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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The role of chemokines in B cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: pathophysiological aspects and clinical impact. Ann Hematol 2009; 89:437-46. [PMID: 20020127 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-009-0876-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2008] [Accepted: 11/26/2009] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Chemokines are centrally involved in leukocyte migration, homing and haematopoiesis. Besides these physiological aspects, their role in pathological processes especially with respect to solid tumour and haematological neoplasias is well established. In this context, the focus was set here on disclosing their contribution in B cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (B-CLL), which is regarded as the most characteristic low-grade lymphoma. Up to now, it has been demonstrated that several chemokines are involved in migration of B-CLL cells to lymph nodes, secondary lymphoid organs and bone marrow. Moreover, some chemokines are known to have an anti-apoptotic effect and thus contribute to the survival of B-CLL cells. By interfering with both of these aspects, new therapeutic targets for this yet incurable disease may be developed. Furthermore, a correlation can be drawn between the concentration of some chemokines in patients' serum, the expression of their respective receptors on B-CLL cells and well-established predictive clinical parameters. Consequently, further systematic investigation of the chemokine network may lead to the identification of new diagnostic and prognostic markers. This review focuses on the impact of chemokines and their receptors on B-CLL pathophysiology and points out potential implications for both treatment and diagnosis.
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Van Bockstaele F, Verhasselt B, Philippé J. Prognostic markers in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: A comprehensive review. Blood Rev 2009; 23:25-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2008.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Ennas MG, Moore PS, Zucca M, Angelucci E, Cabras MG, Melis M, Gabbas A, Serpe R, Madeddu C, Scarpa A, Cocco P. Interleukin-1B (IL1B) and interleukin-6 (IL6) gene polymorphisms are associated with risk of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Hematol Oncol 2008; 26:98-103. [PMID: 18271063 DOI: 10.1002/hon.843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Common polymorphisms in genes encoding for cytokines implicated in the inflammatory response and Th1/Th2 balance might play a role in the development and prognosis of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). To test the hypothesis, we investigated 13 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in nine of such genes in a population-based case-control study, conducted in the Italian region of Sardinia in 1999-2003. Forty incident CLL cases and 113 population controls were available for study. The following SNPs were selected: IL1A-889C > T, IL1RN 9589A > T, IL1B-31C > T, IL1B-511C > T, IL2-384T > G, IL6-174G > C, IL6-597G > A, IL10-1082A > G, IL10-3575T > A, TNF-308G > A, LTA- 91A > C, LTA 252A > G and CARD15 nt1007. After adjusting by age and gender, individuals homozygous for the IL1B-511T allele run a lower risk of CLL (OR = 0.1, 95% CI 0.0, 0.8, p = 0.032), while risk showed a 4.5-fold increase associated with the genotype homozygous for the IL6-174C allele (OR = 4.5; 95% CI 1.1, 19.3, p = 0.041). Individuals homozygous for the IL6-174C allele and carrying the homozygous IL1B-511C allele showed an 11-fold increase in CLL risk (OR = 11.4, 95% CI 1.9, 69.4, p = 0.008). None of the other interleukin SNPs evaluated showed any association with CLL risk. Large multicentre pooled studies are warranted, achieving the statistical power required to confirm whether IL6 and IL1B gene polymorphisms might play a role in CLL development and prognosis, as well as the null associations herein reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria G Ennas
- Department of Cytomorphology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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Butler T, Gribben JG. Biologic prognostic markers and their application in clinical trials and management of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 2:101-12. [DOI: 10.1517/17530059.2.1.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Current Awareness in Hematological Oncology. Hematol Oncol 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/hon.830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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