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Yu L, Xia J, Jiang R, Wang J, Yuan X, Dong X, Chen Z, Zhao Z, Wu B, Zhan L, Zhang R, Tang K, Li J, Xu X. Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of the CCT Gene Family in Rapeseed ( Brassica napus L.). Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5301. [PMID: 38791340 PMCID: PMC11121423 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The CCT gene family is present in plants and is involved in biological processes such as flowering, circadian rhythm regulation, plant growth and development, and stress resistance. We identified 87, 62, 46, and 40 CCTs at the whole-genome level in B. napus, B. rapa, B. oleracea, and A. thaliana, respectively. The CCTs can be classified into five groups based on evolutionary relationships, and each of these groups can be further subdivided into three subfamilies (COL, CMF, and PRR) based on function. Our analysis of chromosome localization, gene structure, collinearity, cis-acting elements, and expression patterns in B. napus revealed that the distribution of the 87 BnaCCTs on the chromosomes of B. napus was uneven. Analysis of gene structure and conserved motifs revealed that, with the exception of a few genes that may have lost structural domains, the majority of genes within the same group exhibited similar structures and conserved domains. The gene collinearity analysis identified 72 orthologous genes, indicating gene duplication and expansion during the evolution of BnaCCTs. Analysis of cis-acting elements identified several elements related to abiotic and biotic stress, plant hormone response, and plant growth and development in the promoter regions of BnaCCTs. Expression pattern and protein interaction network analysis showed that BnaCCTs are differentially expressed in various tissues and under stress conditions. The PRR subfamily genes have the highest number of interacting proteins, indicating their significant role in the growth, development, and response to abiotic stress of B. napus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyiqi Yu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; (L.Y.); (J.X.); (R.J.); (J.W.); (X.Y.); (X.D.); (Z.C.); (Z.Z.); (B.W.); (L.Z.); (R.Z.); (K.T.); (J.L.)
| | - Jichun Xia
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; (L.Y.); (J.X.); (R.J.); (J.W.); (X.Y.); (X.D.); (Z.C.); (Z.Z.); (B.W.); (L.Z.); (R.Z.); (K.T.); (J.L.)
| | - Rujiao Jiang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; (L.Y.); (J.X.); (R.J.); (J.W.); (X.Y.); (X.D.); (Z.C.); (Z.Z.); (B.W.); (L.Z.); (R.Z.); (K.T.); (J.L.)
| | - Jiajia Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; (L.Y.); (J.X.); (R.J.); (J.W.); (X.Y.); (X.D.); (Z.C.); (Z.Z.); (B.W.); (L.Z.); (R.Z.); (K.T.); (J.L.)
| | - Xiaolong Yuan
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; (L.Y.); (J.X.); (R.J.); (J.W.); (X.Y.); (X.D.); (Z.C.); (Z.Z.); (B.W.); (L.Z.); (R.Z.); (K.T.); (J.L.)
| | - Xinchao Dong
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; (L.Y.); (J.X.); (R.J.); (J.W.); (X.Y.); (X.D.); (Z.C.); (Z.Z.); (B.W.); (L.Z.); (R.Z.); (K.T.); (J.L.)
| | - Zhenjie Chen
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; (L.Y.); (J.X.); (R.J.); (J.W.); (X.Y.); (X.D.); (Z.C.); (Z.Z.); (B.W.); (L.Z.); (R.Z.); (K.T.); (J.L.)
| | - Zizheng Zhao
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; (L.Y.); (J.X.); (R.J.); (J.W.); (X.Y.); (X.D.); (Z.C.); (Z.Z.); (B.W.); (L.Z.); (R.Z.); (K.T.); (J.L.)
| | - Boen Wu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; (L.Y.); (J.X.); (R.J.); (J.W.); (X.Y.); (X.D.); (Z.C.); (Z.Z.); (B.W.); (L.Z.); (R.Z.); (K.T.); (J.L.)
| | - Lanlan Zhan
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; (L.Y.); (J.X.); (R.J.); (J.W.); (X.Y.); (X.D.); (Z.C.); (Z.Z.); (B.W.); (L.Z.); (R.Z.); (K.T.); (J.L.)
| | - Ranfeng Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; (L.Y.); (J.X.); (R.J.); (J.W.); (X.Y.); (X.D.); (Z.C.); (Z.Z.); (B.W.); (L.Z.); (R.Z.); (K.T.); (J.L.)
| | - Kang Tang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; (L.Y.); (J.X.); (R.J.); (J.W.); (X.Y.); (X.D.); (Z.C.); (Z.Z.); (B.W.); (L.Z.); (R.Z.); (K.T.); (J.L.)
| | - Jiana Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; (L.Y.); (J.X.); (R.J.); (J.W.); (X.Y.); (X.D.); (Z.C.); (Z.Z.); (B.W.); (L.Z.); (R.Z.); (K.T.); (J.L.)
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xinfu Xu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; (L.Y.); (J.X.); (R.J.); (J.W.); (X.Y.); (X.D.); (Z.C.); (Z.Z.); (B.W.); (L.Z.); (R.Z.); (K.T.); (J.L.)
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
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Huang S, Hou L, Fu W, Liu Z, Li C, Li X, Feng H. An Insertion Mutation in Bra032169 Encoding a Histone Methyltransferase Is Responsible for Early Bolting in Chinese Cabbage ( Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:547. [PMID: 32477385 PMCID: PMC7235287 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Bolting is an important agronomic character of the Chinese cabbage, but premature bolting can greatly reduce its commercial value, yield, and quality. Here, early-bolting mutant 1 (ebm1) was obtained from a Chinese cabbage doubled haploid (DH) line "FT," by using an isolated microspore culture and ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutagenesis. The ebm1 was found to bolt extremely earlier than the wild type "FT." Genetic analysis indicated that the phenotype of the ebm1 was controlled by a single recessive nuclear gene. Using a mapping population of 1,502 recessive homozygous F2 individuals with the ebm1 phenotype, the ebm1 gene was mapped to between the markers SSRhl-53 and SSRhl-61 on chromosome A04 by using SSR markers, and its physical distance was 73.4 kb. Seven genes were predicted in the target region and then cloned and sequenced; the only difference in the sequences of the ebm1 and "FT" genes was with Bra032169. Unlike that in "FT," the Bra032169 in ebm1 had a novel 53 bp insertion that caused the termination of amino acid coding. The mutation was not consistent with EMS mutagenesis, and thus, may have been caused by spontaneous mutations during the microspore culture. Based on the gene annotation information, Bra032169 was found to encode the histone methyltransferase CURLY LEAF (CLF) in Arabidopsis thaliana. CLF regulates the expression of flowering-related genes. Further genotyping revealed that the early-bolting phenotype was fully co-segregated with the insertion mutation, suggesting that Bra032169 was the most likely candidate gene for ebm1. No significant differences were noted in the Bra032169 expression levels between the ebm1 and "FT." However, the expression levels of the flowering-related genes FLC, FT, AG, and SEP3 were significantly higher in the ebm1 than in the "FT." Thus, the mutation of Bra032169 is responsible for the early-bolting trait in Chinese cabbage. These results provide foundation information to help understand the molecular mechanisms of bolting in the Chinese cabbage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Hui Feng
- Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
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Li M, Liu Y, Tao Y, Xu C, Li X, Zhang X, Han Y, Yang X, Sun J, Li W, Li D, Zhao X, Zhao L. Identification of genetic loci and candidate genes related to soybean flowering through genome wide association study. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:987. [PMID: 31842754 PMCID: PMC6916438 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-6324-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a photoperiod-sensitive and self-pollinated species, the growth periods traits play important roles in the adaptability and yield of soybean. To examine the genetic architecture of soybean growth periods, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) using a panel of 278 soybean accessions and 34,710 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with minor allele frequencies (MAF) higher than 0.04 detected by the specific-locus amplified fragment sequencing (SLAF-seq) with a 6.14-fold average sequencing depth. GWAS was conducted by a compressed mixed linear model (CMLM) involving in both relative kinship and population structure. RESULTS GWAS revealed that 37 significant SNP peaks associated with soybean flowering time or other growth periods related traits including full bloom, beginning pod, full pod, beginning seed, and full seed in two or more environments at -log10(P) > 3.75 or -log10(P) > 4.44 were distributed on 14 chromosomes, including chromosome 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 17, 18, 19. Fourteen SNPs were novel loci and 23 SNPs were located within known QTLs or 75 kb near the known SNPs. Five candidate genes (Glyma.05G101800, Glyma.11G140100, Glyma.11G142900, Glyma.19G099700, Glyma.19G100900) in a 90 kb genomic region of each side of four significant SNPs (Gm5_27111367, Gm11_10629613, Gm11_10950924, Gm19_34768458) based on the average LD decay were homologs of Arabidopsis flowering time genes of AT5G48385.1, AT3G46510.1, AT5G59780.3, AT1G28050.1, and AT3G26790.1. These genes encoding FRI (FRIGIDA), PUB13 (plant U-box 13), MYB59, CONSTANS, and FUS3 proteins respectively might play important roles in controlling soybean growth periods. CONCLUSIONS This study identified putative SNP markers associated with soybean growth period traits, which could be used for the marker-assisted selection of soybean growth period traits. Furthermore, the possible candidate genes involved in the control of soybean flowering time were predicted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minmin Li
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Ministry of Education, China (Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics & Breeding for Soybean in Northeast China), Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Ministry of Education, China (Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics & Breeding for Soybean in Northeast China), Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yahan Tao
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Ministry of Education, China (Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics & Breeding for Soybean in Northeast China), Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Chongjing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Ministry of Education, China (Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics & Breeding for Soybean in Northeast China), Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Ministry of Education, China (Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics & Breeding for Soybean in Northeast China), Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Ministry of Education, China (Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics & Breeding for Soybean in Northeast China), Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yingpeng Han
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Ministry of Education, China (Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics & Breeding for Soybean in Northeast China), Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Ministry of Education, China (Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics & Breeding for Soybean in Northeast China), Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Jingzhe Sun
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Ministry of Education, China (Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics & Breeding for Soybean in Northeast China), Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Wenbin Li
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Ministry of Education, China (Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics & Breeding for Soybean in Northeast China), Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Dongmei Li
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Ministry of Education, China (Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics & Breeding for Soybean in Northeast China), Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xue Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Ministry of Education, China (Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics & Breeding for Soybean in Northeast China), Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Ministry of Education, China (Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics & Breeding for Soybean in Northeast China), Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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Huang S, Liu Z, Yao R, Li D, Feng H. Comparative transcriptome analysis of the petal degeneration mutant pdm in Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis) using RNA-Seq. Mol Genet Genomics 2015; 290:1833-47. [PMID: 25860116 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-015-1041-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Flowering, which plays a crucial role in the growth and development of flowering plants, is a crucial point from vegetative growth to reproductive growth. The goal of this study was to examine the differences between the transcriptomes of the Chinese cabbage mutant pdm and the corresponding wild-type line 'FT'. We performed transcriptome analysis on mRNA isolated from flower buds of pdm and 'FT' using Illumina RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) data. A total of 117 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected. Among the DEGs, we identified a number of genes involved in floral development and flowering, including an F-box protein gene, EARLY FLOWERING 4 (ELF4), and transcription factors BIGPETAL (BPE) and MYB21 (v-myb avian myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog); differential expression of these genes could potentially explain the difference in the flowers between pdm and 'FT'. In addition, the expression patterns of 20 DEGs, including 12 floral development and flowering-related genes and eight randomly selected genes, were validated by qRT-PCR, and the results were highly concordant with the RNA-Seq results. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses were performed to better understand the functions of these DEGs. We also identified a large number of single nucleotide polymorphism and insertion/deletion markers, which will be a rich resource for future marker development and breeding research in Chinese cabbage. Also, our analysis revealed numerous novel transcripts and alternative splicing events. The transcriptome analysis provides valuable information for furthering our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that regulate the flowering process, and establishes a solid foundation for future genetic and functional genomic studies in Chinese cabbage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Huang
- Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Runpeng Yao
- Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Danyang Li
- Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Feng
- Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China.
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