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Monteiro LC, Viana RB, Avanza MFB, Ermita PAN, Costa CM, Alves SR, Santos PVDM, da Silva MO, Balbino DADB, de Mattos FS, Teixeira RBC, Ribeiro Filho JD. Effects of Hypotonic and Isotonic Enteral Electrolyte Solutions Administered in Continuous Flow in Weaned Foals. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:280. [PMID: 32596264 PMCID: PMC7256653 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of fluid therapy with maintenance enteral electrolytic solutions administered by nasogastric route in continuous flow have not previously been studied in weaned foals. This study primary goal was to compare the effects of two maintenance enteral electrolytic solutions administered by nasogastric route in continuous flow on the hydro electrolytic balance in weaned foals. This paper was a controlled trial in a cross-over design (6 × 2) performed in six foals with a mean age of 7.3 ± 1.4 months; each animal received two treatments, IsoES and HypoES, with an interval of 7 days between treatments. After 12 h of fasting, the animals were treated with enteral electrolyte solutions administered via nasogastric route in continuous flow in a volume of 15 mL/kg/h for 12 h. The evaluations were performed at T-12h (the beginning of the fasting), T0h (end of fasting and beginning of fluid therapy), T4h (4 h of fluid therapy), T8h (8 h of fluid therapy), T12h (end of fluid therapy), and T24h (12 h after the end of fluid therapy). Twelve hours of fasting resulted in a reduction (P < 0.05) in body weight, abdominal circumference, whereas serum sodium, SID and enophthalmos increased. Twelve hours of fluid therapy normalized these parameters and promoted increased urinary volume and decreased urinary density without causing electrolyte imbalances. Both enteral electrolytic solutions were effective in reestablishing clinical and laboratorial variables without causing electrolyte imbalances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Chaves Monteiro
- Laborary of Research in Veterinary Internal Medicine, Veterinary Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Rinaldo Batista Viana
- Institute of Animal Health and Production, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Belém, Brazil
| | - Marcel Ferreira Bastos Avanza
- Laborary of Research in Veterinary Internal Medicine, Veterinary Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Pedro Ancelmo Nunes Ermita
- Instituto de Estudo dos Trópicos Úmidos, Universidade Federal do Sul e Sudeste do Pará, Xinguara, Brazil
| | - Caio Monteiro Costa
- Laborary of Research in Veterinary Internal Medicine, Veterinary Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Samuel Rodrigues Alves
- Laborary of Research in Veterinary Internal Medicine, Veterinary Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | | | - Micheline Ozana da Silva
- Laborary of Research in Veterinary Internal Medicine, Veterinary Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Daniel Atila de Barros Balbino
- Laborary of Research in Veterinary Internal Medicine, Veterinary Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Felipe Sperandio de Mattos
- Laborary of Research in Veterinary Internal Medicine, Veterinary Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | | | - José Dantas Ribeiro Filho
- Laborary of Research in Veterinary Internal Medicine, Veterinary Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
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Manatsathit S, Dupont HL, Farthing M, Kositchaiwat C, Leelakusolvong S, Ramakrishna BS, Sabra A, Speelman P, Surangsrirat S. Guideline for the management of acute diarrhea in adults. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2002; 17 Suppl:S54-71. [PMID: 12000594 DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1746.17.s1.11.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sathaporn Manatsathit
- Division of Gastroenterology, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Abstract
Cholera continues to be an important public health problem among many poorer communities in Africa, Asia and South America, despite the bacteriology and epidemiology of the disease having been described over a century ago. Molecular techniques have enabled current researchers to gain new insights into pathogenicity, into the relationships between environmental and clinical strains, and into new strategies for vaccine development. The description of non-culturable 'dormant' strains in the environment and the effect of environmental factors on toxin gene regulation provide valuable clues to the ecology of the disease. Disease management continues to be based on urgent and appropriate rehydration, and recent community studies emphasize the need for effective local health services to provide this if case fatality rates are to remain low. While antimicrobial agents may play a role in case management and prophylaxis, the increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance must be addressed. New vaccine candidates, based on a molecular understanding of pathogenicity, provide scope for improved strategies for disease prevention, though the appropriate public health context for their use has not been determined. This review summarizes activities in these fields of cholera research and considers the continuing global problem of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Shears
- Centre for Tropical Medical Microbiology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK.
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Dua T, Bahl R, Bhan MK. Lessons learnt from Diarrheal Diseases Control Program and implications for the future. Indian J Pediatr 1999; 66:55-61. [PMID: 10798037 DOI: 10.1007/bf02752353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The national Diarrheal Disease Control Program was launched with the aim of improving the knowledge and practice of appropriate case management among caretakers of young children as well as health care providers. The National Family Health Survey (1992-3) revealed that 42.7% of mothers knew about ORS packets and 25.9% had ever used them. ORS use rates in children who suffered from diarrhea during the previous two weeks varied from 8.3% in Rajasthan to 50.1% in West Bengal. These findings represent substantial accomplishment, and also are a reminder that we still have to reach more than half of the households. Further analysis of the NFHS data showed that exposure to electronic mass media had a significant impact on mothers' awareness about ORS packets (56% in exposed, 32% in unexposed) and ORT use rates (38% in exposed, 25% in unexposed). In this review, future strategies for increasing the impact of the program are discussed. These include involvement of licensed and unlicensed medical practitioners, greater use of the electronic mass media, ORS standardization, greater focus on poorly performing states and resolving residual issues in the case management of diarrhea in malnourished children and infants under 6 months of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Dua
- ICMR Advanced Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi
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