1
|
van den Beukel MD, van Wesemael TJ, Hoogslag ATW, Borggreven NV, Huizinga TW, van der Helm-van Mil AH, Toes RE, van der Woude D, Trouw LA. Antibodies against advanced glycation end-products and malondialdehyde-acetaldehyde adducts identify a new specific subgroup of hitherto patients with seronegative arthritis with a distinct clinical phenotype and an HLA class II association. RMD Open 2023; 9:e003480. [PMID: 38053459 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2023-003480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In rheumatoid arthritis (RA) around two-thirds of patients are autoantibody positive for rheumatoid factor, anti-citrullinated protein antibodies and/or anti-carbamylated protein antibodies. The remaining seronegative subgroup of patients is clinically heterogeneous and thus far, biomarkers predicting the disease course are lacking. Therefore, we analysed the value of other autoantibodies in RA directed against malondialdehyde-acetaldehyde adducts (MAA) and advanced glycation end-products (AGE). METHODS In sera of 648 patients with RA and 538 patients without RA from the Leiden Early Arthritis Clinic, anti-MAA and anti-AGE IgG antibody levels were measured using ELISA. Associations between genetic risk factors, acute phase reactants, radiological joint damage, remission and anti-PTM positivity were investigated using regression, correlation and survival analyses. RESULTS Anti-AGE and anti-MAA were most prevalent in RA (44.6% and 46.1% respectively) but were also present in non-RA arthritis patients (32.9% and 30.3% respectively). Anti-AGE and anti-MAA antibodies were associated with HLA-DRB1*03 within seronegative RA (OR=1.98, p=0.003, and OR=2.37, p<0.001, respectively) and, for anti-AGE also in non-RA arthritis patients (OR=2.34, p<0.001). Presence of anti-MAA antibodies was associated significantly with markers of inflammation, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C reactive protein, in all groups independent of anti-AGE. Interestingly, the presence of anti-AGE and anti-MAA antibodies was associated with radiological progression in patients with seronegative RA, but not evidently with sustained drug-free remission. CONCLUSIONS Anti-AGE and anti-MAA were present in around 45% of RA patients and 30% of non-RA arthritis patients, and although not specific for RA, their presence associated with HLA, inflammation and, for RA, with clinical outcomes especially in patients with seronegative RA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Tom Wj Huizinga
- Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Annette Hm van der Helm-van Mil
- Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Rheumatology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - René Em Toes
- Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Leendert A Trouw
- Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
van den Beukel MD, Stoelinga AEC, van der Meer AJ, van der Meulen S, Zhang L, Tushuizen ME, van Hoek B, Trouw LA. Antibodies against multiple post-translationally modified proteins aid in diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis and associate with complete biochemical response to treatment. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1195747. [PMID: 37564051 PMCID: PMC10411548 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1195747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background (Auto)immune mediated and cholestatic liver disease (AILD) includes autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). Especially AIH is characterized by the presence of autoantibodies and elevated serum immunoglobulins. In rheumatoid arthritis, autoantibodies against post-translational modifications (PTMs) such as citrullination (Cit) and carbamylation (CarP) are used as diagnostic and prognostic markers, respectively. We studied the presence of six anti-PTM antibodies in patients with the three AILDs and non-AILD. Methods Antibodies against six PTMs (malondialdehyde-acetaldehyde adducts (MAA), advanced glycation end-products (AGE), CarP, acetylation (AL), Cit, and nitration (NT)) were tested in sera of patients with AILD (n = 106), non-AILD (n = 101) and compared with healthy controls (HC) (n = 100). Levels and positivity were correlated with clinical and biochemical features in a well-defined cohort of untreated AIH patients. Results Anti-PTM antibodies were more often detectable in sera from AILD patients compared with HCs (anti-MAA: 67.9% vs. 2.0%, anti-AGE: 36.8% vs. 4.0%, anti-CarP: 47.2% vs. 5.0% and anti-AL: 18.9% vs. 5.0%). In untreated AIH, time to complete biochemical response (CBR) was associated with anti-MAA, anti-AGE, anti-CarP and anti-AL antibodies. Significantly more patients with at least three anti-PTM antibodies attained CBR at 12 months of treatment (13 vs. 3 p = 0.01). Conclusion Anti-PTM antibodies are frequently present in AILD. The presence of anti-MAA, anti-AGE and anti-CarP antibodies correlates with the presence of AIH within this cohort. In AIH, harboring at least three anti-PTM antibody responses is positively associated with CBR. Determination of anti-PTM antibodies in liver disease may have diagnostic and prognostic value.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna E. C. Stoelinga
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Adriaan J. van der Meer
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Stef van der Meulen
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Maarten E. Tushuizen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Bart van Hoek
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Leendert A. Trouw
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tsekovska R, Sredovska-Bozhinov A, Niwa T, Ivanov I, Mironova R. Maillard reaction and immunogenicity of protein therapeutics. World J Immunol 2016; 6:19-38. [DOI: 10.5411/wji.v6.i1.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The recombinant DNA technology enabled the production of a variety of human therapeutic proteins. Accumulated clinical experience, however, indicates that the formation of antibodies against such proteins is a general phenomenon rather than an exception. The immunogenicity of therapeutic proteins results in inefficient therapy and in the development of undesired, sometimes life-threatening, side reactions. The human proteins, designed for clinical application, usually have the same amino acid sequence as their native prototypes and it is not yet fully clear what the reasons for their immunogenicity are. In previous studies we have demonstrated for the first time that interferon-β (IFN-β) pharmaceuticals, used for treatment of patients with multiple sclerosis, do contain advanced glycation end products (AGEs) that contribute to IFN-β immunogenicity. AGEs are the final products of a chemical reaction known as the Maillard reaction or glycation, which implication in protein drugs’ immunogenicity has been overlooked so far. Therefore, the aim of the present article is to provide a comprehensive overview on the Maillard reaction with emphasis on experimental data and theoretical consideration telling us why the Maillard reaction warrants special attention in the context of the well-documented protein drugs’ immunogenicity.
Collapse
|
4
|
Yamanaka M, Shirakawa JI, Ohno RI, Shinagawa M, Hatano K, Sugawa H, Arakawa S, Furusawa C, Nagai M, Nagai R. Soft-shelled turtle eggs inhibit the formation of AGEs in the serum and skin of diabetic rats. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2016; 58:130-4. [PMID: 27013779 PMCID: PMC4788400 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.15-131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although soft-shelled turtle eggs (STE) have been used as a folk medicine for revitalization and the prevention of lifestyle-related diseases, the scientific evidence to support the use of STE in this manner is scarce. To clarify the physiological evidence, STE was administered to diabetic rats and the inhibitory effects on the formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), which are known to increase with the progression of lifestyle-related diseases, were examined. STE and citric acid were administered to diabetic rats for 3 months, and serum Nε-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML) contents were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Although the administration of STE did not affect the body weight, glycoalbumin or ketone body levels, it significantly reduced the serum level of CML. The accumulation of AGEs, which was measured by fluorescence intensity in the auricle skin and the lower gums, was also reduced by the administration of STE to a similar extent to that observed with citric acid. This report provides the first evidence that the oral administration of STE reduces the formation of AGEs, suggesting that one of the health effects of STE may be the inhibition of AGEs formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mikihiro Yamanaka
- Laboratory of Food and Regulation Biology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokai University, Kawayou, Minamiaso, Aso-gun, Kumamoto 869-1404, Japan; Healthcare Business Development Department I, Medical and Healthcare Business Development Unit, Business Solution Company, SHARP Corporation, 2613-1 Ichinomoto-cho, Tenri, Nara 632-8567, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Shirakawa
- Laboratory of Food and Regulation Biology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokai University, Kawayou, Minamiaso, Aso-gun, Kumamoto 869-1404, Japan
| | - Rei-Ichi Ohno
- Laboratory of Food and Regulation Biology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokai University, Kawayou, Minamiaso, Aso-gun, Kumamoto 869-1404, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Shinagawa
- Laboratory of Food and Regulation Biology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokai University, Kawayou, Minamiaso, Aso-gun, Kumamoto 869-1404, Japan
| | - Kota Hatano
- Laboratory of Food and Regulation Biology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokai University, Kawayou, Minamiaso, Aso-gun, Kumamoto 869-1404, Japan
| | - Hikari Sugawa
- Laboratory of Food and Regulation Biology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokai University, Kawayou, Minamiaso, Aso-gun, Kumamoto 869-1404, Japan
| | - Shoutaro Arakawa
- Laboratory of Food and Regulation Biology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokai University, Kawayou, Minamiaso, Aso-gun, Kumamoto 869-1404, Japan; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Chisato Furusawa
- Laboratory of Food and Regulation Biology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokai University, Kawayou, Minamiaso, Aso-gun, Kumamoto 869-1404, Japan
| | - Mime Nagai
- Laboratory of Food and Regulation Biology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokai University, Kawayou, Minamiaso, Aso-gun, Kumamoto 869-1404, Japan
| | - Ryoji Nagai
- Laboratory of Food and Regulation Biology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokai University, Kawayou, Minamiaso, Aso-gun, Kumamoto 869-1404, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
The production of cross-reactive autoantibodies that bind to bovine serum albumin in mice administered reducing sugars by subcutaneous injection. Cent Eur J Immunol 2015; 40:25-9. [PMID: 26155180 PMCID: PMC4472536 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2015.50829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In a previous study, we identified the formation of cross-reactive autoantibodies that bound to bovine serum albumin (BSA) in a D-galactose-induced aging mouse model. AIM OF THE STUDY In this study, we investigated the effect of other reducing sugars (namely, glucose and fructose) on the formation of autoantibodies. The effects of concentration and route of administration on the formation of autoantibodies were examined in detail. MATERIAL AND METHODS Three concentrations (100, 500, and 1,000 mg/kg) of reducing sugars were tested. The effects of different routes of administration (subcutaneous, oral, and intraperitoneal) on the formation of autoantibodies were also analysed. The immunoreactivities of serum samples from mice treated with reducing sugars were analysed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using BSA or mouse serum albumin antigens (MSA). RESULTS Repeated subcutaneous administration of all reducing sugars lead to autoantibody formation in a concentration-dependent manner. However, these autoantibodies did not cross-react with MSA, and simultaneous treatment of aminoguanidine with reducing sugars did not show any inhibitory effects on the formation of autoantibodies. No autoantibodies were detected after oral or intraperitoneal administration of reducing sugars. Immunohistochemistry data showed that the target antigen(s) of the autoantibodies were present only in the skin tissue of mice treated with reducing sugars. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that administration of reducing sugars by subcutaneous injection leads to the formation of autoantibodies that cross-react with BSA; the formation and target antigen(s) of the autoantibodies may originate from within the skin tissue treated with the reducing sugars.
Collapse
|