1
|
Konuma T, Takai T, Tsuchiya C, Nishida M, Hashiba M, Yamada Y, Shirai H, Motoda Y, Nagadoi A, Chikaishi E, Akagi K, Akashi S, Yamazaki T, Akutsu H, Ikegami T. Analysis of the homodimeric structure of a D-Ala-D-Ala metallopeptidase, VanX, from vancomycin-resistant bacteria. Protein Sci 2024; 33:e5002. [PMID: 38723146 PMCID: PMC11081423 DOI: 10.1002/pro.5002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Bacteria that have acquired resistance to most antibiotics, particularly those causing nosocomial infections, create serious problems. Among these, the emergence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci was a tremendous shock, considering that vancomycin is the last resort for controlling methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop an inhibitor of VanX, a protein involved in vancomycin resistance. Although the crystal structure of VanX has been resolved, its asymmetric unit contains six molecules aligned in a row. We have developed a structural model of VanX as a stable dimer in solution, primarily utilizing nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) residual dipolar coupling. Despite the 46 kDa molecular mass of the dimer, the analyses, which are typically not as straightforward as those of small proteins around 10 kDa, were successfully conducted. We assigned the main chain using an amino acid-selective unlabeling method. Because we found that the zinc ion-coordinating active sites in the dimer structure were situated in the opposite direction to the dimer interface, we generated an active monomer by replacing an amino acid at the dimer interface. The monomer consists of only 202 amino acids and is expected to be used in future studies to screen and improve inhibitors using NMR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Konuma
- Graduate School of Medical Life ScienceYokohama City UniversityYokohamaKanagawaJapan
| | - Tomoyo Takai
- Institute for Protein ResearchOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Chieko Tsuchiya
- Graduate School of Medical Life ScienceYokohama City UniversityYokohamaKanagawaJapan
| | - Masayuki Nishida
- Graduate School of Medical Life ScienceYokohama City UniversityYokohamaKanagawaJapan
| | - Miyu Hashiba
- Graduate School of Medical Life ScienceYokohama City UniversityYokohamaKanagawaJapan
| | - Yudai Yamada
- Graduate School of Medical Life ScienceYokohama City UniversityYokohamaKanagawaJapan
| | - Haruka Shirai
- Graduate School of Medical Life ScienceYokohama City UniversityYokohamaKanagawaJapan
| | - Yoko Motoda
- Graduate School of Medical Life ScienceYokohama City UniversityYokohamaKanagawaJapan
| | - Aritaka Nagadoi
- Graduate School of Medical Life ScienceYokohama City UniversityYokohamaKanagawaJapan
| | | | - Ken‐ichi Akagi
- Institute for Protein ResearchOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Satoko Akashi
- Graduate School of Medical Life ScienceYokohama City UniversityYokohamaKanagawaJapan
| | | | - Hideo Akutsu
- Graduate School of Medical Life ScienceYokohama City UniversityYokohamaKanagawaJapan
- Institute for Protein ResearchOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Takahisa Ikegami
- Graduate School of Medical Life ScienceYokohama City UniversityYokohamaKanagawaJapan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abdou MM, Ötvös F, Dong D, Matziari M. Novel glycosyl prodrug of RXP03 as MMP-11 prodrug: design, synthesis and virtual screening. BMC Chem 2023; 17:167. [PMID: 38007463 PMCID: PMC10675898 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-023-01075-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Like most phosphinic acids, the potent and selective RXP03 inhibitor of different MMPs exhibited moderate absorption and low bioavailability, which impaired its use. In an unprecedented attempt, we present an interesting synthetic approach to a new class of phosphinate prodrug, glycosyl ester of RXP03, to provide a potentially improved blood-brain barrier (BBB) behavior compared to the former lead compound RXP03. To validate this speculation, a predictive study for permeability enhancer of glycosyl ester of RXP03 showed encouraging insights to improve drug delivery across biological barriers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moaz M Abdou
- Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, P.O. 11727, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Ferenc Ötvös
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 6726, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Dewen Dong
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Magdalini Matziari
- Department of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong Liverpool University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Eltaib L, Alzain AA. Discovery of dual-target natural inhibitors of meprins α and β metalloproteases for inflammation regulation: pharmacophore modelling, molecular docking, ADME prediction, and molecular dynamics studies. SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023:1-23. [PMID: 37955603 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2023.2277425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Meprins, zinc-dependent metalloproteinases belonging to the metzincin family, have been associated with various inflammatory diseases due to their abnormal expression and activity. In this study, we utilized pharmacophore modelling to identify crucial features for discovering potential dual inhibitors targeting meprins α and β. We screened four pharmacophoric features against a library of 270,540 natural compounds from the Zinc database, resulting in 84,092 matching compounds. Molecular docking was then performed on these compounds, targeting the active sites of meprins α and β. Docking results revealed six compounds capable of interacting with both isoforms, with binding affinities ranging from -10.0 to -10.5 kcal/mol and -6.9 to -9.9 kcal/mol for meprin α and β, respectively. Among these compounds, ZINC000008790788 and ZINC000095099469 displayed superior docking scores and MM-GBSA binding free energy compared to reference ligands. Furthermore, these two compounds exhibited acceptable predicted pharmacokinetic properties and stable interactions with meprins α and β during molecular dynamics simulations. This study presents a comprehensive approach for identifying potential dual inhibitors of meprin α and β, offering insights into the development of therapeutic interventions for inflammatory diseases associated with meprin dysregulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Eltaib
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia
| | - A A Alzain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Gezira, Wad Madani, Sudan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Georgiadis D, Skoulikas N, Papakyriakou A, Stratikos E. Phosphinic Peptides as Tool Compounds for the Study of Pharmacologically Relevant Zn-Metalloproteases. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2022; 5:1228-1253. [PMID: 36524013 PMCID: PMC9745897 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.2c00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Phosphinic peptides constitute an important class of bioactive compounds that have found a wide range of applications in the field of biology and pharmacology of Zn-metalloproteases, the largest family of proteases in humans. They are designed to mimic the structure of natural substrates during their proteolysis, thus acting as mechanism-based, transition state analogue inhibitors. A combination of electrostatic interactions between the phosphinic acid group and the Zn cation as well as optimal noncovalent enzyme-ligand interactions can result in both high binding affinity for the desired target and selectivity against other proteases. Due to these unique properties, phosphinic peptides have been mainly employed as tool compounds for (a) the purposes of rational drug design by serving as ligands in X-ray crystal structures of target enzymes and allowing the identification of crucial interactions that govern optimal molecular recognition, and (b) the delineation of biological pathways where Zn-metalloproteases are key regulators. For the latter objective, inhibitors of the phosphinopeptidic type have been used either unmodified or after being transformed to probes of various types, thus expanding the arsenal of functional tools available to researchers. The aim of this review is to summarize all recent research achievements in which phosphinic peptides have played a central role as tool compounds in the understanding of the mechanism and biological functions of Zn-metalloproteases in both health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris Georgiadis
- Department
of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian
University of Athens, GR-15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Skoulikas
- Department
of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian
University of Athens, GR-15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios Papakyriakou
- National
Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Agia Paraskevi GR-15341 Athens, Greece
| | - Efstratios Stratikos
- Department
of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian
University of Athens, GR-15784 Athens, Greece
- National
Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Agia Paraskevi GR-15341 Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kokkala P, Voreakos K, Lelis A, Patiniotis K, Skoulikas N, Devel L, Ziotopoulou A, Kaloumenou E, Georgiadis D. Practical Synthesis of Phosphinic Dipeptides by Tandem Esterification of Aminophosphinic and Acrylic Acids under Silylating Conditions. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27041242. [PMID: 35209031 PMCID: PMC8876710 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this report, a synthetic protocol for the preparation of phosphinic dipeptides of type 5 is presented. These compounds serve as valuable building blocks for the development of highly potent phosphinopeptidic inhibitors of medicinally relevant Zn-metalloproteases and aspartyl proteases. The proposed method is based on the tandem esterification of α-aminophosphinic and acrylic acids under silylating conditions in order to subsequently participate in a P-Michael reaction. The scope of the transformation was investigated by using a diverse set of readily available acrylic acids and (R)-α-aminophosphinic acids, and high yields were achieved in all cases. In most examples reported herein, the isolation of biologically relevant (R,S)-diastereoisomers became possible by simple crystallization from the crude products, thus enhancing the operational simplicity of the proposed method. Finally, functional groups corresponding to acidic or basic natural amino acids are also compatible with the reaction conditions. Based on the above, we expect that the practicality of the proposed protocol will facilitate the discovery of pharmacologically useful bioactive phosphinic peptides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paraskevi Kokkala
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, 15784 Athens, Greece; (P.K.); (K.V.); (A.L.); (K.P.); (N.S.); (A.Z.); (E.K.)
| | - Kostas Voreakos
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, 15784 Athens, Greece; (P.K.); (K.V.); (A.L.); (K.P.); (N.S.); (A.Z.); (E.K.)
| | - Angelos Lelis
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, 15784 Athens, Greece; (P.K.); (K.V.); (A.L.); (K.P.); (N.S.); (A.Z.); (E.K.)
| | - Konstantinos Patiniotis
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, 15784 Athens, Greece; (P.K.); (K.V.); (A.L.); (K.P.); (N.S.); (A.Z.); (E.K.)
| | - Nikolaos Skoulikas
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, 15784 Athens, Greece; (P.K.); (K.V.); (A.L.); (K.P.); (N.S.); (A.Z.); (E.K.)
| | - Laurent Devel
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), CEA, INRAE, SIMoS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France;
| | - Angeliki Ziotopoulou
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, 15784 Athens, Greece; (P.K.); (K.V.); (A.L.); (K.P.); (N.S.); (A.Z.); (E.K.)
| | - Eleni Kaloumenou
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, 15784 Athens, Greece; (P.K.); (K.V.); (A.L.); (K.P.); (N.S.); (A.Z.); (E.K.)
| | - Dimitris Georgiadis
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, 15784 Athens, Greece; (P.K.); (K.V.); (A.L.); (K.P.); (N.S.); (A.Z.); (E.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2107274903
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Shevchenko KV, Dmitriev ME, Vinyukov AV, Shevchenko VP, Kalashnikova IP, Nagaev IY, Ragulin VV, Myasoedov NF. Synthesis and Study of Properties of Phosphinic Pseudo-Prolylglycylproline. DOKLADY CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s001250082102004x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
7
|
Kokkala P, Rajeshkumar T, Mpakali A, Stratikos E, Vogiatzis KD, Georgiadis D. A Carbodiimide-Mediated P-C Bond-Forming Reaction: Mild Amidoalkylation of P-Nucleophiles by Boc-Aminals. Org Lett 2021; 23:1726-1730. [PMID: 33617265 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The first example of a carbodiimide-mediated P-C bond-forming reaction is described. The reaction involves activation of β-carboxyethylphosphinic acids and subsequent reaction with Boc-aminals using acid-catalysis. Mechanistic experiments using 31P NMR spectroscopy and DFT calculations support the contribution of unusually reactive cyclic phosphinic/carboxylic mixed anhydrides in a reaction pathway involving ion-pair "swapping". The utility of this protocol is highlighted by the direct synthesis of Boc-protected phosphinic dipeptides, as precursors to potent Zn-aminopeptidase inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paraskevi Kokkala
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, 15784, Athens, Greece
| | - Thayalan Rajeshkumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Anastasia Mpakali
- National Centre for Scientific Research Demokritos, Patriarchou Gregoriou and Neapoleos 27, Agia Paraskevi, 15341 Athens, Greece
| | - Efstratios Stratikos
- National Centre for Scientific Research Demokritos, Patriarchou Gregoriou and Neapoleos 27, Agia Paraskevi, 15341 Athens, Greece.,Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Biochemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, 15784, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos D Vogiatzis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Dimitris Georgiadis
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, 15784, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Golovash SR, Dmitriev ME, Shestov VI, Ragulin VV. Synthesis of Phosphinic Isosteres of Leucyl- and Isoleucylglycines. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s107036322009008x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
9
|
Maben Z, Arya R, Rane D, An WF, Metkar S, Hickey M, Bender S, Ali A, Nguyen TT, Evnouchidou I, Schilling R, Stratikos E, Golden J, Stern LJ. Discovery of Selective Inhibitors of Endoplasmic Reticulum Aminopeptidase 1. J Med Chem 2019; 63:103-121. [PMID: 31841350 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
ERAP1 is an endoplasmic reticulum-resident zinc aminopeptidase that plays an important role in the immune system by trimming peptides for loading onto major histocompatibility complex proteins. Here, we report discovery of the first inhibitors selective for ERAP1 over its paralogues ERAP2 and IRAP. Compound 1 (N-(N-(2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl)carbamimidoyl)-2,5-difluorobenzenesulfonamide) and compound 2 (1-(1-(4-acetylpiperazine-1-carbonyl)cyclohexyl)-3-(p-tolyl)urea) are competitive inhibitors of ERAP1 aminopeptidase activity. Compound 3 (4-methoxy-3-(N-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)sulfamoyl)benzoic acid) allosterically activates ERAP1's hydrolysis of fluorogenic and chromogenic amino acid substrates but competitively inhibits its activity toward a nonamer peptide representative of physiological substrates. Compounds 2 and 3 inhibit antigen presentation in a cellular assay. Compound 3 displays higher potency for an ERAP1 variant associated with increased risk of autoimmune disease. These inhibitors provide mechanistic insights into the determinants of specificity for ERAP1, ERAP2, and IRAP and offer a new therapeutic approach of specifically inhibiting ERAP1 activity in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Digamber Rane
- Kansas University Specialized Chemistry Center , Lawrence , Kansas 66047 , United States
| | - W Frank An
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02142 , United States
| | - Shailesh Metkar
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02142 , United States
| | - Marc Hickey
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02142 , United States
| | - Samantha Bender
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02142 , United States
| | | | | | - Irini Evnouchidou
- National Centre for Scientific Research Demokritos , Agia Paraskevi, Athens 15341 , Greece
| | - Roger Schilling
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02142 , United States
| | - Efstratios Stratikos
- National Centre for Scientific Research Demokritos , Agia Paraskevi, Athens 15341 , Greece
| | - Jennifer Golden
- Kansas University Specialized Chemistry Center , Lawrence , Kansas 66047 , United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Cerofolini L, Fragai M, Luchinat C. Mechanism and Inhibition of Matrix Metalloproteinases. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:2609-2633. [PMID: 29589527 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180326163523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases hydrolyze proteins and glycoproteins forming the extracellular matrix, cytokines and growth factors released in the extracellular space, and membrane-bound receptors on the outer cell membrane. The pathological relevance of MMPs has prompted the structural and functional characterization of these enzymes and the development of synthetic inhibitors as possible drug candidates. Recent studies have provided a better understanding of the substrate preference of the different members of the family, and structural data on the mechanism by which these enzymes hydrolyze the substrates. Here, we report the recent advancements in the understanding of the mechanism of collagenolysis and elastolysis, and we discuss the perspectives of new therapeutic strategies for targeting MMPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linda Cerofolini
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, and Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di Metallo Proteine (CIRMMP), Via L. Sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Marco Fragai
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, and Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di Metallo Proteine (CIRMMP), Via L. Sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.,Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Claudio Luchinat
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, and Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di Metallo Proteine (CIRMMP), Via L. Sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.,Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abdou MM, El-Saeed RA. Potential chemical transformation of phosphinic acid derivatives and their applications in the synthesis of drugs. Bioorg Chem 2019; 90:103039. [PMID: 31220667 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The chemical transformation of phosphinic acid is a well-considered mature area of research on account of the historical significant reactions such as Kabachnik-Fields, Mannich, Arbuzov, Michaelis-Becker, etc. Considerable advances have been made over last years especially in metal-catalyzed, free-radical processes and asymmetric synthesis using catalytic enantioselective. As a result, the aim of this synopsis is to make the reader familiar with advances in the approaches of phosphinic acids toward the synthesis of highly functionalized and valuable buildings blocks. Another purpose of this survey is to provide the current status of the applications of phosphinic acids in the synthesis of drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moaz M Abdou
- Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, Nasr City, P.O. 11727, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, UK.
| | - Rasha A El-Saeed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, ET-35516 Mansoura, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Voreakos K, Devel L, Georgiadis D. Late-Stage Diversification of Phosphinic Dehydroalanine Pseudopeptides Based on a Giese-Type Radical C-Alkylation Strategy. Org Lett 2019; 21:4397-4401. [PMID: 30933530 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A straightforward, late-stage diversification strategy for the installation of side chains on readily accessible unsaturated phosphinopeptidic scaffolds based on a Giese-type addition of alkyl radicals has been investigated. Among different alternatives, the preferred methodology is operationally simple as it can be carried out in an open flask with no need for protection of acidic moieties. Direct application to the synthesis of SPPS-compatible building blocks or to longer peptides is also reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kostas Voreakos
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Panepistimiopolis, Zografou , 15771 Athens , Greece
| | - Laurent Devel
- CEA, Institut des Sciences du Vivant Frédéric Joliot, Service d'Ingénierie Moléculaire des Protéines (SIMOPRO) , Université Paris-Saclay , Gif-sur-Yvette 91190 , France
| | - Dimitris Georgiadis
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Panepistimiopolis, Zografou , 15771 Athens , Greece
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Covaleda G, Gallego P, Vendrell J, Georgiadis D, Lorenzo J, Dive V, Aviles FX, Reverter D, Devel L. Synthesis and Structural/Functional Characterization of Selective M14 Metallocarboxypeptidase Inhibitors Based on Phosphinic Pseudopeptide Scaffold: Implications on the Design of Specific Optical Probes. J Med Chem 2019; 62:1917-1931. [PMID: 30688452 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Metallocarboxypeptidases (MCPs) of the M14 family are Zn2+-dependent exoproteases present in almost every tissue or fluid in mammals. These enzymes perform a large variety of physiological functions and are involved in several pathologies, such as pancreatic diseases, inflammation, fibrinolysis, and cancer. Here, we describe the synthesis and functional/structural characterization of a series of reversible tight-binding phosphinic pseudopeptide inhibitors that show high specificity and potency toward these proteases. Characterization of their inhibitory potential against a large variety of MCPs, combined with high-resolution crystal structures of three selected candidates in complex with human carboxypeptidase A (CPA)1, allowed to decipher the structural determinants governing selectivity for type-A of the M14A MCP family. Further, the phosphinic pseudopeptide framework was exploited to generate an optical probe selectively targeting human CPAs. The phosphinic pseudopeptides presented here constitute the first example of chemical probes useful to selectively report on type-A MCPs activity in complex media.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Covaleda
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina and Departament de Bioquímica i de Biologia Molecular , Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona , Spain
| | - Pablo Gallego
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina and Departament de Bioquímica i de Biologia Molecular , Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona , Spain
| | - Josep Vendrell
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina and Departament de Bioquímica i de Biologia Molecular , Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona , Spain
| | - Dimitris Georgiadis
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry , University of Athens , Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens , Greece
| | - Julia Lorenzo
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina and Departament de Bioquímica i de Biologia Molecular , Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona , Spain
| | - Vincent Dive
- CEA, Institut des Sciences du Vivant Frédéric Joliot, Service d'Ingénierie Moléculaire des Protéines (SIMOPRO) , Université Paris-Saclay , Gif-sur-Yvette 91190 , France
| | - Francesc Xavier Aviles
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina and Departament de Bioquímica i de Biologia Molecular , Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona , Spain
| | - David Reverter
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina and Departament de Bioquímica i de Biologia Molecular , Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona , Spain
| | - Laurent Devel
- CEA, Institut des Sciences du Vivant Frédéric Joliot, Service d'Ingénierie Moléculaire des Protéines (SIMOPRO) , Université Paris-Saclay , Gif-sur-Yvette 91190 , France
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Functional examination of novel kisspeptin phosphinic peptides. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195089. [PMID: 29614094 PMCID: PMC5882139 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Kisspeptins acting on their cognate G protein-coupled receptor, kisspeptin receptor, play important roles in the suppression of cancer cell metastasis and regulation of the reproductive system, and therefore are important for therapeutic intervention. All native functional human kisspeptins (kisspeptin-54, kisspsptin-14 and kisspeptin-13) share the 10 amino acids of kisspeptin-10 at their C-terminus (45–54). However, they are inactivated rapidly by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) through the cleavage of the peptide bond between glycine51 and leucine52, which limits their clinical applications. Development of MMP-resistant analogues of kisspeptins may provide better therapeutic outputs. In the present study, two kisspeptin phosphinic peptides were designed and synthesized, and their ability to induce phosphorylation of ERK1/2 through kisspeptin receptor and their inhibition on MMP-2 and MMP-9 whose activity correlates with cancer metastasis were assessed. The results showed that one analogue, phosphinic kisspeptin R isomer (PKPR), exhibited kisspeptin receptor-agonistic activity and also inhibitory activity on MMP-2, indicating that PKPR may serve as a lead for the further development of kisspeptin analogues for therapeutic purpose.
Collapse
|
15
|
|
16
|
Meprin metalloproteases: Molecular regulation and function in inflammation and fibrosis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2017; 1864:2096-2104. [PMID: 28502593 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2017.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The zinc-endopeptidases meprin α and meprin β are extracellular proteases involved in connective tissue homeostasis, intestinal barrier function and immunological processes. Meprins are unique among other extracellular proteases with regard to cleavage specificity and structure. Meprin α and meprin β have a strong preference for negatively charged amino acids around the scissile bond, reflected by cleavage sites identified in procollagen I, the amyloid precursor protein (APP) and the interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R). In this review we report on recent findings that summarize the complex molecular regulation of meprins, particular folding, activation and shedding. Dysregulation of meprin α and meprin β is often associated with pathological conditions such as neurodegeneration, inflammatory bowel disease and fibrosis. Based on mouse models and patient data we suggest meprins as possible key regulators in the onset and progression of fibrotic disorders, leading to severe diseases such as pulmonary hypertension. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Proteolysis as a Regulatory Event in Pathophysiology edited by Stefan Rose-John.
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are proteolytic enzymes that degrade various components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and play a role in tissue remodeling. Changes in MMPs have been observed in cancer, connective tissue disorders, and vascular disease, and both endogenous tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs) and synthetic MMP inhibitors (MMPIs) have been evaluated as modulators of MMP activity in various biological systems. Zymography is a simple technique that is commonly used to assess MMP activity and the efficacy of MMPIs. Also, reverse zymography is a modified technique to study the activity of endogenous TIMPs. However, problems are often encountered during the zymography procedure, which could interfere with accurate assessment of MMP activity in control specimens, and thus make it difficult to determine the pathological changes in MMPs and their responsiveness to MMPIs. Simplified protocols for preparation of experimental solutions, tissue preparation, regular and reverse zymography procedures, and zymogram analysis are presented. Additional helpful tips to troubleshoot problems in the zymography technique and to enhance the quality of the zymograms should make it more feasible to determine the changes in MMPs and assess the efficacy of MMPIs in modulating MMP activity in various biological systems and pathological conditions.
Collapse
|
18
|
Rouanet-Mehouas C, Czarny B, Beau F, Cassar-Lajeunesse E, Stura EA, Dive V, Devel L. Zinc–Metalloproteinase Inhibitors: Evaluation of the Complex Role Played by the Zinc-Binding Group on Potency and Selectivity. J Med Chem 2016; 60:403-414. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cecile Rouanet-Mehouas
- Service d’Ingénierie
Moléculaire des Protéines (SIMOPRO), IBITECS, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif/Yvette F-91191, France
| | - Bertrand Czarny
- Service d’Ingénierie
Moléculaire des Protéines (SIMOPRO), IBITECS, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif/Yvette F-91191, France
| | - Fabrice Beau
- Service d’Ingénierie
Moléculaire des Protéines (SIMOPRO), IBITECS, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif/Yvette F-91191, France
| | - Evelyne Cassar-Lajeunesse
- Service d’Ingénierie
Moléculaire des Protéines (SIMOPRO), IBITECS, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif/Yvette F-91191, France
| | - Enrico A. Stura
- Service d’Ingénierie
Moléculaire des Protéines (SIMOPRO), IBITECS, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif/Yvette F-91191, France
| | - Vincent Dive
- Service d’Ingénierie
Moléculaire des Protéines (SIMOPRO), IBITECS, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif/Yvette F-91191, France
| | - Laurent Devel
- Service d’Ingénierie
Moléculaire des Protéines (SIMOPRO), IBITECS, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif/Yvette F-91191, France
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lubbe L, Sewell BT, Sturrock ED. The influence of angiotensin converting enzyme mutations on the kinetics and dynamics of N-domain selective inhibition. FEBS J 2016; 283:3941-3961. [PMID: 27636235 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin-1-converting enzyme (ACE) is a zinc metalloprotease that plays a major role in blood pressure regulation via the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. ACE consists of two domains with differences in inhibitor binding affinities despite their 90% active site identity. While the C-domain primarily controls blood pressure, the N-domain is selective for cleavage of the antifibrotic N-acetyl-Ser-Asp-Lys-Pro. Inhibitors, such as 33RE, that selectively bind to the N-domain thus show potential for treating fibrosis without affecting blood pressure. The aim of this study was to elucidate the molecular mechanism of this selectivity. ACE inhibition by 33RE was characterized using a continuous kinetic assay with fluorogenic substrate. The N-domain displayed nanomolar (Ki = 11.21 ± 0.74 nm) and the C-domain micromolar (Ki = 11 278 ± 410 nm) inhibition, thus 1000-fold selectivity. Residues predicted to contribute to selectivity based on the N-domain-33RE co-crystal structure were subsequently mutated to their C-domain counterparts. S2 subsite mutation with resulting loss of a hydrogen bond drastically decreased the affinity (Ki = 2 794 ± 156 nm), yet did not entirely account for selectivity. Additional substitution of all unique S2 ' residues, however, completely abolished selectivity (Ki = 10 009 ± 157 nm). Interestingly, these residues do not directly bind 33RE. All mutants were therefore subjected to molecular dynamics simulations in the presence and absence of 33RE. Trajectory analyses highlighted the importance of these S2 ' residues in formation of a favourable interface between the ACE subdomains and thus a closed, ligand-bound complex. This study provides a molecular basis for the intersubsite synergism governing 33RE's 1000-fold N-selectivity and aids the future design of novel inhibitors for fibrosis treatment. ENZYMES Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE, EC 3.4.15.1).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lizelle Lubbe
- Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Brian T Sewell
- Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa.,Structural Biology Research Unit, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Edward D Sturrock
- Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Viveros-Ceballos JL, Ordóñez M, Sayago FJ, Cativiela C. Stereoselective Synthesis of α-Amino-C-phosphinic Acids and Derivatives. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21091141. [PMID: 27589703 PMCID: PMC6274224 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21091141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Amino-C-phosphinic acids and derivatives are an important group of compounds of synthetic and medicinal interest and particular attention has been dedicated to their stereoselective synthesis in recent years. Among these, phosphinic pseudopeptides have acquired pharmacological importance in influencing physiologic and pathologic processes, primarily acting as inhibitors for proteolytic enzymes where molecular stereochemistry has proven to be critical. This review summarizes the latest developments in the asymmetric synthesis of acyclic and phosphacyclic α-amino-C-phosphinic acids and derivatives, following in the first case an order according to the strategy used, whereas for cyclic compounds the nitrogen embedding in the heterocyclic core is considered. In addition selected examples of pharmacological implications of title compounds are also disclosed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Viveros-Ceballos
- Secretaría Académica, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, 62209 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - Mario Ordóñez
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas-IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, 62209 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - Francisco J Sayago
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, ISQCH, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Carlos Cativiela
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, ISQCH, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Matrix Metalloproteinases in the Interstitial Space. Protein Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1201/9781315374307-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
22
|
Liu Y, Frirdich E, Taylor JA, Chan ACK, Blair KM, Vermeulen J, Ha R, Murphy MEP, Salama NR, Gaynor EC, Tanner ME. A Bacterial Cell Shape-Determining Inhibitor. ACS Chem Biol 2016; 11:981-91. [PMID: 26735022 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.5b01039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori and Campylobacter jejuni are human pathogens and causative agents of gastric ulcers/cancer and gastroenteritis, respectively. Recent studies have uncovered a series of proteases that are responsible for maintaining the helical shape of these organisms. The H. pylori metalloprotease Csd4 and its C. jejuni homologue Pgp1 cleave the amide bond between meso-diaminopimelate and iso-d-glutamic acid in truncated peptidoglycan side chains. Deletion of either csd4 or pgp1 results in bacteria with a straight rod phenotype, a reduced ability to move in viscous media, and reduced pathogenicity. In this work, a phosphinic acid-based pseudodipeptide inhibitor was designed to act as a tetrahedral intermediate analog against the Csd4 enzyme. The phosphinic acid was shown to inhibit the cleavage of the alternate substrate, Ac-l-Ala-iso-d-Glu-meso-Dap, with a Ki value of 1.5 μM. Structural analysis of the Csd4-inhibitor complex shows that the phosphinic acid displaces the zinc-bound water and chelates the metal in a bidentate fashion. The phosphinate oxygens also interact with the key acid/base residue, Glu222, and the oxyanion-stabilizing residue, Arg86. The results are consistent with the "promoted-water pathway" mechanism for carboxypeptidase A catalysis. Studies on cultured bacteria showed that the inhibitor causes significant cell straightening when incubated with H. pylori at millimolar concentrations. A diminished, yet observable, effect on the morphology of C. jejuni was also apparent. Cell straightening was more pronounced with an acapsular C. jejuni mutant strain compared to the wild type, suggesting that the capsule impaired inhibitor accessibility. These studies demonstrate that a highly polar compound is capable of crossing the outer membrane and altering cell shape, presumably by inhibiting cell shape determinant proteases. Peptidoglycan proteases acting as cell shape determinants represent novel targets for the development of antimicrobials against these human pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Liu
- Contribution
from the Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Emilisa Frirdich
- Department
of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Jennifer A. Taylor
- Division
of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
- Department
of Microbiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Anson C. K. Chan
- Department
of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Kris M. Blair
- Division
of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
- Program
in Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Jenny Vermeulen
- Department
of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Reuben Ha
- Department
of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Michael E. P. Murphy
- Department
of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Nina R. Salama
- Division
of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
- Department
of Microbiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- Program
in Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Erin C. Gaynor
- Department
of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Martin E. Tanner
- Contribution
from the Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Dmitriev ME, Ragulin VV. Synthesis of phosphorus isosters of β-amyloid peptides fragments. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363215090121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
24
|
Dmitriev ME, Vinyukov AV, Ragulin VV, Myasoedov NF. Synthesis of pseudo-methionyl-glutamate. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363215090315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
25
|
Kalyva M, Zografos AL, Kapourani E, Giambazolias E, Devel L, Papakyriakou A, Dive V, Lazarou YG, Georgiadis D. Probing the Mechanism of Allylic Substitution of Morita–Baylis–Hillman Acetates (MBHAs) by using the Silyl Phosphonite Paradigm: Scope and Applications of a Versatile Transformation. Chemistry 2015; 21:3278-89. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201405626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kalyva
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, 15771, Athens (Greece), Fax: (+30) 210‐727‐4761
| | - Alexandros L. Zografos
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, 15771, Athens (Greece), Fax: (+30) 210‐727‐4761
- Present address: Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 54124, Thessaloniki (Greece)
| | - Era Kapourani
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, 15771, Athens (Greece), Fax: (+30) 210‐727‐4761
| | - Evaggelos Giambazolias
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, 15771, Athens (Greece), Fax: (+30) 210‐727‐4761
| | - Laurent Devel
- CEA‐Saclay, Service d'Ingénierie Moléculaire des Protéines, Labex LERMIT, CEA‐DSV‐iBiTecS, 91191 Gif/Yvette (France)
| | - Athanasios Papakyriakou
- National Center for Scientific Research, “Demokritos”, Aghia Paraskevi Attikis, GR 15310 (Greece)
| | - Vincent Dive
- CEA‐Saclay, Service d'Ingénierie Moléculaire des Protéines, Labex LERMIT, CEA‐DSV‐iBiTecS, 91191 Gif/Yvette (France)
| | - Yannis G. Lazarou
- National Center for Scientific Research, “Demokritos”, Aghia Paraskevi Attikis, GR 15310 (Greece)
| | - Dimitris Georgiadis
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, 15771, Athens (Greece), Fax: (+30) 210‐727‐4761
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Is there new hope for therapeutic matrix metalloproteinase inhibition? Nat Rev Drug Discov 2014; 13:904-27. [DOI: 10.1038/nrd4390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 524] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
27
|
Harrison C, Acharya KR. ACE for all - a molecular perspective. J Cell Commun Signal 2014; 8:195-210. [PMID: 25027949 PMCID: PMC4165820 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-014-0236-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE, EC 3.4.15.1) is a zinc dependent dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase with an essential role in mammalian blood pressure regulation as part of the renin-angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS). As such, it has long been targeted in the treatment of hypertension through the use of ACE inhibitors. Although ACE has been studied since the 1950s, only recently have the full range of functions of this enzyme begun to truly be appreciated. ACE homologues have been found in a host of other organisms, and are now known to be conserved in insects. Insect ACE homologues typically share over 30 % amino acid sequence identity with human ACE. Given that insects lack a mammalian type circulatory system, they must have crucial roles in other physiological processes. The first ACE crystal structures were reported during the last decade and have enabled these enzymes to be studied from an entirely different perspective. Here we review many of these key developments and the implications that they have had on our understanding of the diverse functions of these enzymes. Specifically, we consider how structural information is being used in the design of a new generation of ACE inhibitors with increased specificity, and how the structures of ACE homologues are related to their functions. The Anopheles gambiae genome is predicted to code for ten ACE homologues, more than any genome studied so far. We have modelled the active sites of some of these as yet uncharacterised enzymes to try and infer more about their potential roles at the molecular level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Harrison
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY UK
| | - K. Ravi Acharya
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY UK
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Masuyer G, Akif M, Czarny B, Beau F, Schwager SLU, Sturrock ED, Isaac RE, Dive V, Acharya KR. Crystal structures of highly specific phosphinic tripeptide enantiomers in complex with the angiotensin-I converting enzyme. FEBS J 2014; 281:943-56. [PMID: 24289879 PMCID: PMC4154125 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Human somatic angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE) is a zinc-dependent dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase and a central component of the renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS). Its involvement in the modulation of physiological actions of peptide hormones has positioned ACE as an important therapeutic target for the treatment of hypertension and cardiovascular disorders. Here, we report the crystal structures of the two catalytic domains of human ACE (N- and C-) in complex with FI, the S enantiomer of the phosphinic ACE/ECE-1 (endothelin converting enzyme) dual inhibitor FII, to a resolution of 1.91 and 1.85 Å, respectively. In addition, we have determined the structure of AnCE (an ACE homologue from Drosophila melanogaster) in complex with both isomers. The inhibitor FI (S configuration) can adapt to the active site of ACE catalytic domains and shows key differences in its binding mechanism mostly through the reorientation of the isoxazole phenyl side group at the P₁' position compared with FII (R configuration). Differences in binding are also observed between FI and FII in complex with AnCE. Thus, the new structures of the ACE-inhibitor complexes presented here provide useful information for further exploration of ACE inhibitor pharmacophores involving phosphinic peptides and illustrate the role of chirality in enhancing drug specificity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohd Akif
- Department of Biology and BiochemistryUniversity of BathUK
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of HyderabadIndia
| | - Bertrand Czarny
- Service d'Ingénierie Moléculaire des ProtéinesCEAiBiTecSGif‐sur‐YvetteFrance
| | - Fabrice Beau
- Service d'Ingénierie Moléculaire des ProtéinesCEAiBiTecSGif‐sur‐YvetteFrance
| | - Sylva L. U. Schwager
- Division of Medical BiochemistryInstitute of Infectious Disease and Molecular MedicineUniversity of Cape TownSouth Africa
| | - Edward D. Sturrock
- Division of Medical BiochemistryInstitute of Infectious Disease and Molecular MedicineUniversity of Cape TownSouth Africa
| | | | - Vincent Dive
- Service d'Ingénierie Moléculaire des ProtéinesCEAiBiTecSGif‐sur‐YvetteFrance
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Rationally designed inhibitor targeting antigen-trimming aminopeptidases enhances antigen presentation and cytotoxic T-cell responses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:19890-5. [PMID: 24248368 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1309781110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular aminopeptidases endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidases 1 and 2 (ERAP1 and ERAP2), and as well as insulin-regulated aminopeptidase (IRAP) process antigenic epitope precursors for loading onto MHC class I molecules and regulate the adaptive immune response. Their activity greatly affects the antigenic peptide repertoire presented to cytotoxic T lymphocytes and as a result can regulate cytotoxic cellular responses contributing to autoimmunity or immune evasion by viruses and cancer cells. Therefore, pharmacological regulation of their activity is a promising avenue for modulating the adaptive immune response with possible applications in controlling autoimmunity, in boosting immune responses to pathogens, and in cancer immunotherapy. In this study we exploited recent structural and biochemical analysis of ERAP1 and ERAP2 to design and develop phosphinic pseudopeptide transition state analogs that can inhibit this family of enzymes with nM affinity. X-ray crystallographic analysis of one such inhibitor in complex with ERAP2 validated our design, revealing a canonical mode of binding in the active site of the enzyme, and highlighted the importance of the S2' pocket for achieving inhibitor potency. Antigen processing and presentation assays in HeLa and murine colon carcinoma (CT26) cells showed that these inhibitors induce increased cell-surface antigen presentation of transfected and endogenous antigens and enhance cytotoxic T-cell responses, indicating that these enzymes primarily destroy epitopes in those systems. This class of inhibitors constitutes a promising tool for controlling the cellular adaptive immune response in humans by modulating the antigen processing and presentation pathway.
Collapse
|
30
|
Gonzalez-Villalobos RA, Shen XZ, Bernstein EA, Janjulia T, Taylor B, Giani JF, Blackwell WLB, Shah KH, Shi PD, Fuchs S, Bernstein KE. Rediscovering ACE: novel insights into the many roles of the angiotensin-converting enzyme. J Mol Med (Berl) 2013; 91:1143-54. [PMID: 23686164 PMCID: PMC3779503 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-013-1051-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is best known for the catalytic conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. However, the use of gene-targeting techniques has led to mouse models highlighting many other biochemical properties and actions of this enzyme. This review discusses recent studies examining the functional significance of ACE tissue-specific expression and the presence in ACE of two independent catalytic sites with distinct substrates and biological effects. It is these features which explain why ACE makes important contributions to many different physiological processes including renal development, blood pressure control, inflammation, and immunity.
Collapse
|
31
|
Liu Y, Garnham CP, Roll-Mecak A, Tanner ME. Phosphinic acid-based inhibitors of tubulin polyglutamylases. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:4408-12. [PMID: 23777780 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.05.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Tubulin is subject to a reversible post-translational modification involving polyglutamylation and deglutamylation of glutamate residues in its C-terminal tail. This process plays key roles in regulating the function of microtubule associated proteins, neuronal development, and metastatic progression. This study describes the synthesis and testing of three phosphinic acid-based inhibitors that have been designed to inhibit both the glutamylating and deglutamylating enzymes. The compounds were tested against the polyglutamylase TTLL7 using tail peptides as substrates (100 μM) and the most potent inhibitor displayed an IC₅₀ value of 150 μM. The incorporation of these compounds into tubulin C-terminal tail peptides may lead to more potent TTLL inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Czarny B, Stura EA, Devel L, Vera L, Cassar-Lajeunesse E, Beau F, Calderone V, Fragai M, Luchinat C, Dive V. Molecular Determinants of a Selective Matrix Metalloprotease-12 Inhibitor: Insights from Crystallography and Thermodynamic Studies. J Med Chem 2013; 56:1149-59. [DOI: 10.1021/jm301574d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand Czarny
- CEA, Service
d’Ingénierie
Moléculaire des Protéines (SIMOPRO), Gif/Yvette 91191
Cedex, France
| | - Enrico A. Stura
- CEA, Service
d’Ingénierie
Moléculaire des Protéines (SIMOPRO), Gif/Yvette 91191
Cedex, France
| | - Laurent Devel
- CEA, Service
d’Ingénierie
Moléculaire des Protéines (SIMOPRO), Gif/Yvette 91191
Cedex, France
| | - Laura Vera
- CEA, Service
d’Ingénierie
Moléculaire des Protéines (SIMOPRO), Gif/Yvette 91191
Cedex, France
| | | | - Fabrice Beau
- CEA, Service
d’Ingénierie
Moléculaire des Protéines (SIMOPRO), Gif/Yvette 91191
Cedex, France
| | - Vito Calderone
- Magnetic
Resonance Center (CERM),
University of Florence, Via L. Sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino,
Italy
| | - Marco Fragai
- Magnetic
Resonance Center (CERM),
University of Florence, Via L. Sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino,
Italy
| | - Claudio Luchinat
- Magnetic
Resonance Center (CERM),
University of Florence, Via L. Sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino,
Italy
| | - Vincent Dive
- CEA, Service
d’Ingénierie
Moléculaire des Protéines (SIMOPRO), Gif/Yvette 91191
Cedex, France
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Bernstein KE, Ong FS, Blackwell WLB, Shah KH, Giani JF, Gonzalez-Villalobos RA, Shen XZ, Fuchs S, Touyz RM. A modern understanding of the traditional and nontraditional biological functions of angiotensin-converting enzyme. Pharmacol Rev 2012; 65:1-46. [PMID: 23257181 DOI: 10.1124/pr.112.006809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is a zinc-dependent peptidase responsible for converting angiotensin I into the vasoconstrictor angiotensin II. However, ACE is a relatively nonspecific peptidase that is capable of cleaving a wide range of substrates. Because of this, ACE and its peptide substrates and products affect many physiologic processes, including blood pressure control, hematopoiesis, reproduction, renal development, renal function, and the immune response. The defining feature of ACE is that it is composed of two homologous and independently catalytic domains, the result of an ancient gene duplication, and ACE-like genes are widely distributed in nature. The two ACE catalytic domains contribute to the wide substrate diversity of ACE and, by extension, the physiologic impact of the enzyme. Several studies suggest that the two catalytic domains have different biologic functions. Recently, the X-ray crystal structure of ACE has elucidated some of the structural differences between the two ACE domains. This is important now that ACE domain-specific inhibitors have been synthesized and characterized. Once widely available, these reagents will undoubtedly be powerful tools for probing the physiologic actions of each ACE domain. In turn, this knowledge should allow clinicians to envision new therapies for diseases not currently treated with ACE inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth E Bernstein
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Davis 2021, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Synthesis and modifications of phosphinic dipeptide analogues. Molecules 2012; 17:13530-68. [PMID: 23154272 PMCID: PMC6268094 DOI: 10.3390/molecules171113530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Revised: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudopeptides containing the phosphinate moiety (-P(O)(OH)CH2-) have been studied extensively, mainly as transition state analogue inhibitors of metalloproteases. The key synthetic aspect of their chemistry is construction of phosphinic dipeptide derivatives bearing appropriate side-chain substituents. Typically, this synthesis involves a multistep preparation of two individual building blocks, which are combined in the final step. As this methodology does not allow simple variation of the side-chain structure, many efforts have been dedicated to the development of alternative approaches. Recent achievements in this field are summarized in this review. Improved methods for the formation of the phosphinic peptide backbone, including stereoselective and multicomponent reactions, are presented. Parallel modifications leading to the structurally diversified substituents are also described. Finally, selected examples of the biomedical applications of the title compounds are given.
Collapse
|
35
|
Singh U, Gangwal RP, Prajapati R, Dhoke GV, Sangamwar AT. 3D QSAR pharmacophore-based virtual screening and molecular docking studies to identify novel matrix metalloproteinase 12 inhibitors. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2012.731506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
36
|
Ghassem M, Arihara K, Babji AS. Isolation, purification and characterisation of angiotensin I-converting enzyme-inhibitory peptides derived from catfish (Clarias batrachus) muscle protein thermolysin hydrolysates. Int J Food Sci Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2012.03122.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masomeh Ghassem
- School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology; Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; 43600; Bangi; Selangor; Malaysia
| | - Keizo Arihara
- Department of Animal Science; Kitasato University; 35-1 Higashi-23-Bancho; Towada-shi; Aomori; 034-8628; Japan
| | - Abdul S. Babji
- School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology; Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; 43600; Bangi; Selangor; Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Evnouchidou I, Birtley J, Seregin S, Papakyriakou A, Zervoudi E, Samiotaki M, Panayotou G, Giastas P, Petrakis O, Georgiadis D, Amalfitano A, Saridakis E, Mavridis IM, Stratikos E. A common single nucleotide polymorphism in endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 2 induces a specificity switch that leads to altered antigen processing. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 189:2383-92. [PMID: 22837489 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1200918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidases 1 and 2 (ERAP1 and ERAP2) cooperate to trim antigenic peptide precursors for loading onto MHC class I molecules and help regulate the adaptive immune response. Common coding single nucleotide polymorphisms in ERAP1 and ERAP2 have been linked with predisposition to human diseases ranging from viral and bacterial infections to autoimmunity and cancer. It has been hypothesized that altered Ag processing by these enzymes is a causal link to disease etiology, but the molecular mechanisms are obscure. We report in this article that the common ERAP2 single nucleotide polymorphism rs2549782 that codes for amino acid variation N392K leads to alterations in both the activity and the specificity of the enzyme. Specifically, the 392N allele excises hydrophobic N-terminal residues from epitope precursors up to 165-fold faster compared with the 392K allele, although both alleles are very similar in excising positively charged N-terminal amino acids. These effects are primarily due to changes in the catalytic turnover rate (k(cat)) and not in the affinity for the substrate. X-ray crystallographic analysis of the ERAP2 392K allele suggests that the polymorphism interferes with the stabilization of the N terminus of the peptide both directly and indirectly through interactions with key residues participating in catalysis. This specificity switch allows the 392N allele of ERAP2 to supplement ERAP1 activity for the removal of hydrophobic N-terminal residues. Our results provide mechanistic insight to the association of this ERAP2 polymorphism with disease and support the idea that polymorphic variation in Ag processing enzymes constitutes a component of immune response variability in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irini Evnouchidou
- National Center for Scientific Research Demokritos, 15310 Athens, Greece
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Mucha A, Kafarski P, Berlicki Ł. Remarkable potential of the α-aminophosphonate/phosphinate structural motif in medicinal chemistry. J Med Chem 2011; 54:5955-80. [PMID: 21780776 DOI: 10.1021/jm200587f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 467] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Artur Mucha
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Dormán G, Cseh S, Hajdú I, Barna L, Kónya D, Kupai K, Kovács L, Ferdinandy P. Matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors: a critical appraisal of design principles and proposed therapeutic utility. Drugs 2010; 70:949-64. [PMID: 20481653 DOI: 10.2165/11318390-000000000-00000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play an important role in tissue remodelling associated with various physiological and pathological processes, such as morphogenesis, angiogenesis, tissue repair, arthritis, chronic heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic inflammation and cancer metastasis. As a result, MMPs are considered to be viable drug targets in the therapy of these diseases. Despite the high therapeutic potential of MMP inhibitors (MMPIs), all clinical trials have failed to date, except for doxycycline for periodontal disease. This can be attributed to (i) poor selectivity of the MMPIs, (ii) poor target validation for the targeted therapy and (iii) poorly defined predictive preclinical animal models for safety and efficacy. Lessons from previous failures, such as recent discoveries of oxidative/nitrosative activation and phosphorylation of MMPs, as well as novel non-matrix related intra- and extracellular targets of MMP, give new hope for MMPI development for both chronic and acute diseases. In this article we critically review the major structural determinants of the selectivity and the milestones of past design efforts of MMPIs where 2-/3-dimensional structure-based methods were intensively applied. We also analyse the in vitro screening and preclinical/clinical pharmacology approaches, with particular emphasis on drawing conclusions on how to overcome efficacy and safety problems through better target validation and design of preclinical studies.
Collapse
|
40
|
Pícha J, Buděšínský M, Fiedler P, Sanda M, Jiráček J. Synthesis of α-carboxyphosphinopeptides derived from norleucine. Amino Acids 2010; 39:1265-80. [PMID: 20349321 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-010-0561-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2010] [Accepted: 03/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we describe in detail the synthesis of a relatively rare class of phosphorus compounds, α-carboxyphosphinopeptides. We prepared several norleucine-derived α-carboxyphosphinic pseudopeptides of the general formula Nle-Ψ[PO(OH)]-Gly. These compounds could have important applications as transition state-mimicking inhibitors for methionine or leucine aminopeptidases or other enzymes. For the preparation of the key α-carboxyphosphinate protected precursors, we investigated, compared and improved two different synthetic methods described in literature: the Arbuzov reaction of a silylated N-protected phosphinic acid with a bromoacetate ester and the nucleophilic addition of a mixed O-methyl S-phenyl N-protected phosphonic acid or a methyl N-protected phosphonochloridate with tert-butyl lithioacetate. We also prepared two N-Fmoc protected synthons, Fmoc-Nle-Ψ[PO(OH)]-Gly-COOH and Fmoc-Nle-Ψ[PO(OAd)]-Gly-COOH, and demonstrated that these precursors are suitable building blocks for the solid-phase synthesis of α-carboxyphosphinopeptides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Pícha
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, v. v. i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo náměstí 2, 166 10, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
The recognition that the successful clinical use of MMP inhibitors will require quantitative correlation of MMP activity with disease type, and to disease progression, has stimulated intensive effort toward the development of sensitive assay methods, improved analytical methods for the determination of the structural profile for MMP-sub-type inhibition, and the development of new methods for the determination - in both quantitative and qualitative terms - of MMP activity. This chapter reviews recent progress toward these objectives, with particular emphasis on the quantitative and qualitative profiling of MMP activity in cells and tissues. Quantitative determination of MMP activity is made from the concentration of the MMP from the tissue, using immobilization of a broad-spectrum MMP inhibitor on a chromatography resin. Active MMP, to the exclusion of MMP zymogens and endogenous TIMP-inhibited MMPs, is retained on the column. Characterization of the MMP sub-type(s) follows from appropriate analysis of the active MMP eluted from the resin. Qualitative determination of MMP involvement in disease can be made using an MMP sub-type-selective inhibitor. The proof of principle, with respect to this qualitative determination of the disease involvement of the gelatinase MMP-2 and MMP-9 sub-types, is provided by the class of thiirane-based MMP mechanism-based inhibitors (SB-3CT as the prototype). Positive outcomes in animal models of disease having MMP-2 and/or -9 dependency follow administration of this MMP inhibitor, whereas this inhibitor is inactive in disease models where other MMPs (such as MMP-14) are involved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jed F Fisher
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Walther Cancer Research Center, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Spowage BM, Bruce CL, Hirst JD. Interpretable correlation descriptors for quantitative structure-activity relationships. J Cheminform 2009; 1:22. [PMID: 20151000 PMCID: PMC2820500 DOI: 10.1186/1758-2946-1-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2009] [Accepted: 12/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The topological maximum cross correlation (TMACC) descriptors are alignment-independent 2D descriptors for the derivation of QSARs. TMACC descriptors are generated using atomic properties determined by molecular topology. Previous validation (J Chem Inf Model 2007, 47: 626-634) of the TMACC descriptor suggests it is competitive with the current state of the art. RESULTS Here, we illustrate the interpretability of the TMACC descriptors, through the analysis of the QSARs of inhibitors of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR). In the case of the ACE inhibitors, the TMACC interpretation shows features specific to C-domain inhibition, which have not been explicitly identified in previous QSAR studies. CONCLUSIONS The TMACC interpretation can provide new insight into the structure-activity relationships studied. Freely available, open source software for generating the TMACC descriptors can be downloaded from http://comp.chem.nottingham.ac.uk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benson M Spowage
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD UK
| | - Craig L Bruce
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD UK
- AstraZeneca, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG UK
| | - Jonathan D Hirst
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD UK
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Matziari M, Dellis D, Dive V, Yiotakis A, Samios J. Conformational and Solvation Studies via Computer Simulation of the Novel Large Scale Diastereoselectively Synthesized Phosphinic MMP Inhibitor RXP03 Diluted in Selected Solvents. J Phys Chem B 2009; 114:421-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp903830v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalini Matziari
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou 15771, Athens, Greece, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou 15771, Athens, Greece, and CEA, Service D’Ingénierie Moléculaire des Protéines (SIMOPRO), Bat 152, CE-Saclay, Gif/Yvette Cedex 91191, France
| | - Dimitris Dellis
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou 15771, Athens, Greece, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou 15771, Athens, Greece, and CEA, Service D’Ingénierie Moléculaire des Protéines (SIMOPRO), Bat 152, CE-Saclay, Gif/Yvette Cedex 91191, France
| | - Vincent Dive
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou 15771, Athens, Greece, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou 15771, Athens, Greece, and CEA, Service D’Ingénierie Moléculaire des Protéines (SIMOPRO), Bat 152, CE-Saclay, Gif/Yvette Cedex 91191, France
| | - Athanasios Yiotakis
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou 15771, Athens, Greece, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou 15771, Athens, Greece, and CEA, Service D’Ingénierie Moléculaire des Protéines (SIMOPRO), Bat 152, CE-Saclay, Gif/Yvette Cedex 91191, France
| | - Jannis Samios
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou 15771, Athens, Greece, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou 15771, Athens, Greece, and CEA, Service D’Ingénierie Moléculaire des Protéines (SIMOPRO), Bat 152, CE-Saclay, Gif/Yvette Cedex 91191, France
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Drag M, Bogyo M, Ellman JA, Salvesen GS. Aminopeptidase fingerprints, an integrated approach for identification of good substrates and optimal inhibitors. J Biol Chem 2009; 285:3310-8. [PMID: 19948737 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.060418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Aminopeptidases process the N-terminal amino acids of target substrates by sequential cleavage of one residue at a time. They are found in all cell compartments of prokaryotes and eukaryotes, being implicated in the major proteolytic events of cell survival, defense, growth, and development. We present a new approach for the fast and reliable evaluation of the substrate specificity of individual aminopeptidases. Using solid phase chemistry with the 7-amino-4-carbamoylmethylcoumarin fluorophore, we have synthesized a library of 61 individual natural and unnatural amino acids substrates, chosen to cover a broad spectrum of the possible interactions in the S1 pocket of this type of protease. As proof of concept, we determined the substrate specificity of human, pig, and rat orthologs of aminopeptidase N (CD13), a highly conserved cell surface protease that inactivates enkephalins and other bioactive peptides. Our data reveal a large and hydrophobic character for the S1 pocket of aminopeptidase N that is conserved with aminopeptidase Ns. Our approach, which can be applied in principle to all aminopeptidases, yields useful information for the design of specific inhibitors, and more importantly, reveals a relationship between the kinetics of substrate hydrolysis and the kinetics of enzyme inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Drag
- Apoptosis and Cell Death Research Program, the Burnham Institute for Medical Research, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Pícha J, Buděšínský M, Hančlová I, Šanda M, Fiedler P, Vaněk V, Jiráček J. Efficient synthesis of phosphonodepsipeptides derived from norleucine. Tetrahedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2009.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
46
|
Bregant S, Huillet C, Devel L, Dabert-Gay AS, Beau F, Thai R, Czarny B, Yiotakis A, Dive V. Detection of matrix metalloproteinase active forms in complex proteomes: evaluation of affinity versus photoaffinity capture. J Proteome Res 2009; 8:2484-94. [PMID: 19271733 DOI: 10.1021/pr801069c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Various attempts to detect matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) active forms from complex proteomes, based on the use of specific photoactivatable affinity probes, have up to now failed. To overcome this failure, an affinity approach has been evaluated as an alternative to the photoaffinity one. For this purpose, two probes were synthesized to interact specifically with the active site of MMPs and allow isolation of MMP/probe complexes on magnetic beads through a biotin linker. Using phosphinic peptide chemistry, we prepared an affinity probe displaying picomolar potency toward several MMPs, and a related photoaffinity probe incorporating a photoactivatable azido group exhibiting subnanomolar affinity toward these targets. By a combination of silver-staining detection and MALDI peptide mass fingerprints, a systematic comparison was made of both strategies in terms of hMMP-12 and hMMP-8 recovery and identification when present in mixtures of different complexity. The results obtained show that the affinity protocol is superior to the photoaffinity strategy in terms of quantity of captured MMPs and number of MMP tryptic fragments detected in MALDI-MS. The specificity and efficiency of the affinity capture protocol developed in this study allowed easy, fast, and unambiguous detection by MALDI-MS of three hMMPs (2, 8, and 12), from a single affinity capture experiment, when added (10-36 ng of MMPs) to a tumor extract (10 microg). Thus, the tools and approaches reported should enable us to progress in the detection of endogenous active forms of MMPs in complex proteomes, an important objective with many diagnostic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Bregant
- CEA, iBiTecS, Service d'Ingénierie Moléculaire des Protéines (SIMOPRO), Bat 152, CE-Saclay Gif/Yvette, F-91191, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Matrix metalloproteinases: fold and function of their catalytic domains. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2009; 1803:20-8. [PMID: 19374923 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2009.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2009] [Revised: 04/07/2009] [Accepted: 04/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are zinc-dependent protein and peptide hydrolases. They have been almost exclusively studied in vertebrates and 23 paralogs are present in humans. They are widely involved in metabolism regulation through both extensive protein degradation and selective peptide-bond hydrolysis. If MMPs are not subjected to exquisite spatial and temporal control, they become destructive, which can lead to pathologies such as arthritis, inflammation, and cancer. The main therapeutic strategy to combat the dysregulation of MMPs is the design of drugs to target their catalytic domains, for which purpose detailed structural knowledge is essential. The catalytic domains of 13 MMPs have been structurally analyzed so far and they belong to the "metzincin" clan of metalloendopeptidases. These compact, spherical, approximately 165-residue molecules are divided by a shallow substrate-binding crevice into an upper and a lower sub-domain. The molecules have an extended zinc-binding motif, HEXXHXXGXXH, which contains three zinc-binding histidines and a glutamate that acts as a general base/acid during catalysis. In addition, a conserved methionine lying within a "Met-turn" provides a hydrophobic base for the zinc-binding site. Further earmarks of MMPs are three alpha-helices and a five-stranded beta-sheet, as well as at least two calcium sites and a second zinc site with structural functions. Most MMPs are secreted as inactive zymogens with an N-terminal approximately 80-residue pro-domain, which folds into a three-helix globular domain and inhibits the catalytic zinc through a cysteine imbedded in a conserved motif, PRCGXPD. Removal of the pro-domain enables access of a catalytic solvent molecule and substrate molecules to the active-site cleft, which harbors a hydrophobic S(1')-pocket as main determinant of specificity. Together with the catalytic zinc ion, this pocket has been targeted since the onset of drug development against MMPs. However, the inability of first- and second-generation inhibitors to distinguish between different MMPs led to failures in clinical trials. More recent approaches have produced highly specific inhibitors to tackle selected MMPs, thus anticipating the development of more successful drugs in the near future. Further strategies should include the detailed structural characterization of the remaining ten MMPs to assist in achieving higher drug selectivity. In this review, we discuss the general architecture of MMP catalytic domains and its implication in function, zymogenic activation, and drug design.
Collapse
|
48
|
Garbacki N, Di Valentin E, Piette J, Cataldo D, Crahay C, Colige A. Matrix metalloproteinase 12 silencing: a therapeutic approach to treat pathological lung tissue remodeling? Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2009; 22:267-78. [PMID: 19327406 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2009.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2009] [Accepted: 03/17/2009] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Among the large matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) family, MMP-12, also referred to as macrophage elastase, plays a significant role in chronic pulmonary pathologies characterized by an intense tissue remodeling such as asthma and COPD. This review will summarize knowledge about MMP-12 structure, functions and mechanisms of activation and regulation, including potential MMP-12 modulation by microRNA. As MMP-12 is involved in many tissue remodeling diseases, efforts have been made to develop specific synthetic inhibitors. However, at this time, very few chemical inhibitors have proved to be efficient and specific to a particular MMP. The relevance of silencing MMP-12 by RNA interference is highlighted. The specificity of this approach using siRNA or shRNA and the strategies to deliver these molecules in the lung are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Garbacki
- GIGA-Research, Laboratory of Connective Tissues Biology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
N,N′-Ethylenediaminobis(benzylphosphonic acids) as a potent class of chelators for metal ions. Inorganica Chim Acta 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2008.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
50
|
Biological Activity of Aminophosphonic Acids and Their Short Peptides. TOPICS IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/7081_2008_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|