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Yui A, Kuroda D, Maruno T, Nakakido M, Nagatoishi S, Uchiyama S, Tsumoto K. Molecular mechanism underlying the increased risk of colorectal cancer metastasis caused by single nucleotide polymorphisms in LI-cadherin gene. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6493. [PMID: 37081068 PMCID: PMC10117238 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32444-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
LI-cadherin is a member of the cadherin superfamily. LI-cadherin mediates Ca2+-dependent cell-cell adhesion through homodimerization. A previous study reported two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the LI-cadherin-coding gene (CDH17). These SNPs correspond to the amino acid changes of Lys115 to Glu and Glu739 to Ala. Patients with colorectal cancer carrying these SNPs are reported to have a higher risk of lymph node metastasis than patients without the SNPs. Although proteins associated with metastasis have been identified, the molecular mechanisms underlying the functions of these proteins remain unclear, making it difficult to develop effective strategies to prevent metastasis. In this study, we employed biochemical assays and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which the amino acid changes caused by the SNPs in the LI-cadherin-coding gene increase the risk of metastasis. Cell aggregation assays showed that the amino acid changes weakened the LI-cadherin-dependent cell-cell adhesion. In vitro assays demonstrated a decrease in homodimerization tendency and MD simulations suggested an alteration in the intramolecular hydrogen bond network by the mutation of Lys115. Taken together, our results indicate that the increased risk of lymph node metastasis is due to weakened cell-cell adhesion caused by the decrease in homodimerization tendency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Yui
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kuroda
- Medical Device Development and Regulation Research Center, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Maruno
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- U-Medico Inc., Osaka, Japan
| | - Makoto Nakakido
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Susumu Uchiyama
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kouhei Tsumoto
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
- Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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2
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RNA-sequencing reveals molecular and regional differences in the esophageal mucosa of achalasia patients. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20616. [PMID: 36450816 PMCID: PMC9712691 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25103-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Achalasia is an esophageal motility disorder characterized by the functional loss of myenteric plexus ganglion cells in the distal esophagus and lower esophageal sphincter. Histological changes have been reported in the esophageal mucosa of achalasia, suggesting its involvement in disease pathogenesis. Despite recent advances in diagnosis, our understanding of achalasia pathogenesis at the molecular level is very limited and gene expression profiling has not been performed. We performed bulk RNA-sequencing on esophageal mucosa from 14 achalasia and 8 healthy subjects. 65 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found in the distal esophageal mucosa of achalasia subjects and 120 DEGs were identified in proximal esophagus. Gene expression analysis identified genes common or exclusive to proximal and distal esophagus, highlighting regional differences in the disease. Enrichment of signaling pathways related to cytokine response and viral defense were observed. Increased infiltration of CD45+ intraepithelial leukocytes were seen in the mucosa of 38 achalasia patients compared to 12 controls. Novel insights into the molecular changes occurring in achalasia were generated in this transcriptomic study. Some gene changes observed in the mucosa of achalasia may be associated with esophagitis. Differences in DEGs between distal and proximal esophagus highlight the importance of better understanding regional differences in achalasia.
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3
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Feng Z, He X, Zhang X, Wu Y, Xing B, Knowles A, Shan Q, Miller S, Hojnacki T, Ma J, Katona BW, Gade TPF, Siegel DL, Schrader J, Metz DC, June CH, Hua X. Potent suppression of neuroendocrine tumors and gastrointestinal cancers by CDH17CAR T cells without toxicity to normal tissues. NATURE CANCER 2022; 3:581-594. [PMID: 35314826 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-022-00344-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal cancers (GICs) and neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are often refractory to therapy after metastasis. Adoptive cell therapy using chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, though remarkably efficacious for treating leukemia, is yet to be developed for solid tumors such as GICs and NETs. Here we isolated a llama-derived nanobody, VHH1, and found that it bound cell surface adhesion protein CDH17 upregulated in GICs and NETs. VHH1-CAR T cells (CDH17CARTs) killed both human and mouse tumor cells in a CDH17-dependent manner. CDH17CARTs eradicated CDH17-expressing NETs and gastric, pancreatic and colorectal cancers in either tumor xenograft or autochthonous mouse models. Notably, CDH17CARTs do not attack normal intestinal epithelial cells, which also express CDH17, to cause toxicity, likely because CDH17 is localized only at the tight junction between normal intestinal epithelial cells. Thus, CDH17 represents a class of previously unappreciated tumor-associated antigens that is 'masked' in healthy tissues from attack by CAR T cells for developing safer cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijie Feng
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Xin He
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Xuyao Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yuan Wu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bowen Xing
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alison Knowles
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Qiaonan Shan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Samuel Miller
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Taylor Hojnacki
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jian Ma
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bryson W Katona
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Terence P F Gade
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Don L Siegel
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jörg Schrader
- Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - David C Metz
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Carl H June
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Xianxin Hua
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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4
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Chankeaw W, Lignier S, Richard C, Ntallaris T, Raliou M, Guo Y, Plassard D, Bevilacqua C, Sandra O, Andersson G, Humblot P, Charpigny G. Analysis of the transcriptome of bovine endometrial cells isolated by laser micro-dissection (1): specific signatures of stromal, glandular and luminal epithelial cells. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:451. [PMID: 34139994 PMCID: PMC8212485 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07712-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A number of studies have examined mRNA expression profiles of bovine endometrium at estrus and around the peri-implantation period of pregnancy. However, to date, these studies have been performed on the whole endometrium which is a complex tissue. Consequently, the knowledge of cell-specific gene expression, when analysis performed with whole endometrium, is still weak and obviously limits the relevance of the results of gene expression studies. Thus, the aim of this study was to characterize specific transcriptome of the three main cell-types of the bovine endometrium at day-15 of the estrus cycle. RESULTS In the RNA-Seq analysis, the number of expressed genes detected over 10 transcripts per million was 6622, 7814 and 8242 for LE, GE and ST respectively. ST expressed exclusively 1236 genes while only 551 transcripts were specific to the GE and 330 specific to LE. For ST, over-represented biological processes included many regulation processes and response to stimulus, cell communication and cell adhesion, extracellular matrix organization as well as developmental process. For GE, cilium organization, cilium movement, protein localization to cilium and microtubule-based process were the only four main biological processes enriched. For LE, over-represented biological processes were enzyme linked receptor protein signaling pathway, cell-substrate adhesion and circulatory system process. CONCLUSION The data show that each endometrial cell-type has a distinct molecular signature and provide a significantly improved overview on the biological process supported by specific cell-types. The most interesting result is that stromal cells express more genes than the two epithelial types and are associated with a greater number of pathways and ontology terms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiruntita Chankeaw
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SLU, PO Box 7054, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Rajamangala University of Technolgy Srivijaya (RUTS), Thungyai, Nakhon si thammarat, 80240, Thailand
| | - Sandra Lignier
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Christophe Richard
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Theodoros Ntallaris
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SLU, PO Box 7054, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mariam Raliou
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Yongzhi Guo
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SLU, PO Box 7054, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Damien Plassard
- GenomEast Platform CERBM GIE, IGBMC, 67404, Illkirch, Cedex, France
| | - Claudia Bevilacqua
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, 78350, Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Olivier Sandra
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Göran Andersson
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Molecular Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SLU, PO Box 7023, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Patrice Humblot
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SLU, PO Box 7054, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gilles Charpigny
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Molecular Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SLU, PO Box 7023, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden.
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5
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Thomson RB, Dynia DW, Burlein S, Thomson BR, Booth CJ, Knauf F, Wang T, Aronson PS. Deletion of Cdh16 Ksp-cadherin leads to a developmental delay in the ability to maximally concentrate urine in mouse. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2021; 320:F1106-F1122. [PMID: 33938239 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00556.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ksp-cadherin (cadherin-16) is an atypical member of the cadherin superfamily of cell adhesion molecules that is ubiquitously expressed on the basolateral membrane of epithelial cells lining the nephron and the collecting system of the mammalian kidney. The principal aim of the present study was to determine if Ksp-cadherin played a critical role in the development and maintenance of the adult mammalian kidney by generating and evaluating a mouse line deficient in Ksp-cadherin. Ksp-null mutant animals were viable and fertile, and kidneys from both neonates and adults showed no evidence of structural abnormalities. Immunolocalization and Western blot analyses of Na+-K+-ATPase and E-cadherin indicated that Ksp-cadherin is not essential for either the genesis or maintenance of the polarized tubular epithelial phenotype. Moreover, E-cadherin expression was not altered to compensate for Ksp-cadherin loss. Plasma electrolytes, total CO2, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine levels were also unaffected by Ksp-cadherin deficiency. However, a subtle but significant developmental delay in the ability to maximally concentrate urine was detected in Ksp-null mice. Expression analysis of the principal proteins involved in the generation of the corticomedullary osmotic gradient and the resultant movement of water identified misexpression of aquaporin-2 in the inner medullary collecting duct as the possible cause for the inability of young adult Ksp-cadherin-deficient animals to maximally concentrate their urine. In conclusion, Ksp-cadherin is not required for normal kidney development, but its absence leads to a developmental delay in maximal urinary concentrating ability.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Ksp-cadherin (cadherin-16) is an atypical member of the cadherin superfamily of cell adhesion molecules that is ubiquitously expressed on the basolateral membrane of epithelial cells lining the nephron and the collecting system. Using knockout mice, we found that Ksp-cadherin is in fact not required for kidney development despite its high and specific expression along the nephron. However, its absence leads to a developmental delay in maximal urinary concentrating ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- R B Thomson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - D W Dynia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - S Burlein
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - B R Thomson
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - C J Booth
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - F Knauf
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - T Wang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - P S Aronson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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6
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Gray ME, Sotomayor M. Crystal structure of the nonclassical cadherin-17 N-terminus and implications for its adhesive binding mechanism. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2021; 77:85-94. [PMID: 33682793 PMCID: PMC7938635 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x21002247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The cadherin superfamily of calcium-dependent cell-adhesion proteins has over 100 members in the human genome. All members of the superfamily feature at least a pair of extracellular cadherin (EC) repeats with calcium-binding sites in the EC linker region. The EC repeats across family members form distinct complexes that mediate cellular adhesion. For instance, classical cadherins (five EC repeats) strand-swap their N-termini and exchange tryptophan residues in EC1, while the clustered protocadherins (six EC repeats) use an extended antiparallel `forearm handshake' involving repeats EC1-EC4. The 7D-cadherins, cadherin-16 (CDH16) and cadherin-17 (CDH17), are the most similar to classical cadherins and have seven EC repeats, two of which are likely to have arisen from gene duplication of EC1-2 from a classical ancestor. However, CDH16 and CDH17 lack the EC1 tryptophan residue used by classical cadherins to mediate adhesion. The structure of human CDH17 EC1-2 presented here reveals features that are not seen in classical cadherins and that are incompatible with the EC1 strand-swap mechanism for adhesion. Analyses of crystal contacts, predicted glycosylation and disease-related mutations are presented along with sequence alignments suggesting that the novel features in the CDH17 EC1-2 structure are well conserved. These results hint at distinct adhesive properties for 7D-cadherins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle E. Gray
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 484 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Marcos Sotomayor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 484 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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7
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Ye J, He J, Li N. Molecular identification and characterization of pig's Cdh16 gene. GENE REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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8
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Shek FH, Luo R, Lam BYH, Sung WK, Lam TW, Luk JM, Leung MS, Chan KT, Wang HK, Chan CM, Poon RT, Lee NP. Serine peptidase inhibitor Kazal type 1 (SPINK1) as novel downstream effector of the cadherin-17/β-catenin axis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2017. [PMID: 28631187 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-017-0332-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of liver cancer worldwide. Previously, we reported that cadherin-17 (CDH17) and its related CDH17/β-catenin axis may be responsible for inducing HCC in a subset of patients exhibiting CDH17 over-expression. Here we aimed at obtaining a better understanding of the CDH17-related HCC biology and to obtain further indications for the design of targeted therapies in CDH17 over-expressing HCC patients. RESULTS We found that SPINK1 acts as a downstream effector of the CDH17/β-catenin axis in HCC. In addition, we found that SPINK1 expression exhibited a positive correlation with CDH17 expression in human HCCs and was over-expressed in up to 70% of the tumors. We identified SPINK1 as a downstream effector of the CDH17/β-catenin axis using a spectrum of in vitro assays, including gene expression modulation and inhibitor assays, bioinformatics analyses and luciferase reporter assays. These in vitro results were validated in primary human HCCs, including the observation that alteration in β-catenin expression (a core component of the CDH17/β-catenin axis) in tumors affects SPINK1 serum levels in HCC patients. Similar to CDH17, SPINK1 expression in HCC cells was found to be associated with specific tumor-related properties via activating the c-Raf/MEK/ERK pathway. CONCLUSIONS Our current data substantiate our knowledge on the role of CDH17 in the biology of HCC and suggest that components of the CDH17/β-catenin axis may serve as therapeutic targets in CDH17 over-expressing HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix H Shek
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Faculty of Medicine Building, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Ruibang Luo
- Department of Computer Science, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Brian Y H Lam
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Wing Kin Sung
- School of Computing, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Computational and Systems Biology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, 138672, Singapore
| | - Tak-Wah Lam
- Department of Computer Science, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - John M Luk
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Faculty of Medicine Building, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Ming Sum Leung
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Faculty of Medicine Building, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Kin Tak Chan
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Faculty of Medicine Building, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Hector K Wang
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Faculty of Medicine Building, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Chung Man Chan
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Faculty of Medicine Building, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Ronnie T Poon
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Faculty of Medicine Building, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Nikki P Lee
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Faculty of Medicine Building, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong. .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
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9
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Weth A, Dippl C, Striedner Y, Tiemann-Boege I, Vereshchaga Y, Golenhofen N, Bartelt-Kirbach B, Baumgartner W. Water transport through the intestinal epithelial barrier under different osmotic conditions is dependent on LI-cadherin trans-interaction. Tissue Barriers 2017; 5:e1285390. [PMID: 28452574 PMCID: PMC5501135 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2017.1285390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the intestine water has to be reabsorbed from the chymus across the intestinal epithelium. The osmolarity within the lumen is subjected to high variations meaning that water transport often has to take place against osmotic gradients. It has been hypothesized that LI-cadherin is important in this process by keeping the intercellular cleft narrow facilitating the buildup of an osmotic gradient allowing water reabsorption. LI-cadherin is exceptional among the cadherin superfamily with respect to its localization along the lateral plasma membrane of epithelial cells being excluded from adherens junction. Furthermore it has 7 but not 5 extracellular cadherin repeats (EC1-EC7) and a small cytosolic domain. In this study we identified the peptide VAALD as an inhibitor of LI-cadherin trans-interaction by modeling the structure of LI-cadherin and comparison with the known adhesive interfaces of E-cadherin. This inhibitory peptide was used to measure LI-cadherin dependency of water transport through a monolayer of epithelial CACO2 cells under various osmotic conditions. If LI-cadherin trans-interaction was inhibited by use of the peptide, water transport from the luminal to the basolateral side was impaired and even reversed in the case of hypertonic conditions whereas no effect could be observed at isotonic conditions. These data are in line with a recently published model predicting LI-cadherin to keep the width of the lateral intercellular cleft small. In this narrow cleft a high osmolarity can be achieved due to ion pumps yielding a standing osmotic gradient allowing water absorption from the gut even if the faeces is highly hypertonic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Weth
- a Institute of Biomedical Mechatronics, Johannes Kepler University of Linz , Linz , Austria
| | - Carsten Dippl
- a Institute of Biomedical Mechatronics, Johannes Kepler University of Linz , Linz , Austria
| | - Yasmin Striedner
- b Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University of Linz , Linz , Austria
| | - Irene Tiemann-Boege
- b Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University of Linz , Linz , Austria
| | - Yana Vereshchaga
- a Institute of Biomedical Mechatronics, Johannes Kepler University of Linz , Linz , Austria
| | - Nikola Golenhofen
- c Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Ulm , Ulm , Germany
| | | | - Werner Baumgartner
- a Institute of Biomedical Mechatronics, Johannes Kepler University of Linz , Linz , Austria
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10
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Baumgartner W. Possible roles of LI-Cadherin in the formation and maintenance of the intestinal epithelial barrier. Tissue Barriers 2014; 1:e23815. [PMID: 24665380 PMCID: PMC3879124 DOI: 10.4161/tisb.23815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Revised: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
LI-cadherin belongs to the so called 7D-cadherins, exceptional members of the cadherin superfamily which are characterized by seven extracellular cadherin repeats and a small cytosolic domain. Under physiological conditions LI-cadherin is expressed in the intestine and colon in human and mouse and in the rat also in hepatocytes. LI-cadherin was shown to act as a functional Ca2+-dependent adhesion molecule, linking neighboring cells and a lot of biophysical and biochemical parameters were determined in the last time. It is also known that dysregulated LI-cadherin expression can be found in a variety of diseases. Although there are several hypothesis and theoretical models concerning the function of LI-cadherin, the physiological role of LI-cadherin is still enigmatic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner Baumgartner
- Department of Cellular Neurobionics; RWTH-Aachen University; Aachen; Germany
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11
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Sotomayor M, Gaudet R, Corey DP. Sorting out a promiscuous superfamily: towards cadherin connectomics. Trends Cell Biol 2014; 24:524-36. [PMID: 24794279 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2014.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Revised: 03/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Members of the cadherin superfamily of proteins are involved in diverse biological processes such as morphogenesis, sound transduction, and neuronal connectivity. Key to cadherin function is their extracellular domain containing cadherin repeats, which can mediate interactions involved in adhesion and cell signaling. Recent cellular, biochemical, and structural studies have revealed that physical interaction among cadherins is more complex than originally thought. Here we review work on new cadherin complexes and discuss how the classification of the mammalian family can be used to search for additional cadherin-interacting partners. We also highlight some of the challenges in cadherin research; namely, the characterization of a cadherin connectome in biochemical and structural terms, as well as the elucidation of molecular mechanisms underlying the functional diversity of nonclassical cadherins in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Sotomayor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43210, USA.
| | - Rachelle Gaudet
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - David P Corey
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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12
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Wang Y, Shek FH, Wong KF, Liu LX, Zhang XQ, Yuan Y, Khin E, Hu MY, Wang JH, Poon RTP, Hong W, Lee NP, Luk JM. Anti-cadherin-17 antibody modulates beta-catenin signaling and tumorigenicity of hepatocellular carcinoma. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72386. [PMID: 24039755 PMCID: PMC3770615 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadherin-17 (CDH17) is an oncofetal molecule associated with poor prognostic outcomes of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), for which the treatment options are very limited. The present study investigates the therapeutic potential of a monoclonal antibody (Lic5) that targets the CDH17 antigen in HCC. In vitro experiments showed Lic5 could markedly reduce CDH17 expression in a dose-dependent manner, suppress β-catenin signaling, and induce cleavages of apoptotic enzymes caspase-8 and -9 in HCC cells. Treatment of animals in subcutaneous HCC xenograft model similarly demonstrated significant tumor growth inhibition (TGI) using Lic5 antibody alone (5 mg/kg, i.p., t.i.w.; ca.60–65% TGI vs. vehicle at day 28), or in combination with conventional chemotherapy regimen (cisplatin 1 mg/kg; ca. 85–90% TGI). Strikingly, lung metastasis was markedly suppressed by Lic5 treatments. Immunohistochemical and western blot analyses of xenograft explants revealed inactivation of the Wnt pathway and suppression of Wnt signaling components in HCC tissues. Collectively, anti-CDH17 antibody promises as an effective biologic agent for treating malignant HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Wang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated 6th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
- Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Felix H. Shek
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Kwong F. Wong
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ling Xiao Liu
- Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Qian Zhang
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yi Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ester Khin
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mei-yu Hu
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated 6th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Hua Wang
- Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ronnie T. P. Poon
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Wanjin Hong
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nikki P. Lee
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
- * E-mail: (NPL); (JML)
| | - John M. Luk
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail: (NPL); (JML)
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13
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Cadherin-17 interacts with α2β1 integrin to regulate cell proliferation and adhesion in colorectal cancer cells causing liver metastasis. Oncogene 2013; 33:1658-69. [PMID: 23604127 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Revised: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Liver metastasis is the major cause of death associated to colorectal cancer. Cadherin-17 (CDH17) is a non-classical, seven domain, cadherin lacking the conserved cytoplasmic domain of classical cadherins. CDH17 was overexpressed in highly metastatic human KM12SM and present in many other colorectal cancer cells. Using tissue microarrays, we observed a significant association between high expression of CDH17 with liver metastasis and poor survival of the patients. On the basis of these findings, we decided to study cellular functions and signaling mechanisms mediated by CDH17 in cancer cells. In this report, loss-of-function experiments demonstrated that CDH17 caused a significant increase in KM12SM cell adhesion and proliferation. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated an interaction between CDH17 and α2β1 integrin with a direct effect on β1 integrin activation and talin recruitment. The formation of this complex, together with other proteins, was confirmed by mass spectrometry analysis. CDH17 modulated integrin activation and signaling to induce specific focal adhesion kinase and Ras activation, which led to the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and Jun N-terminal kinase and the increase in cyclin D1 and proliferation. In vivo experiments showed that CDH17 silencing in KM12 cells suppressed tumor growth and liver metastasis after subcutaneous or intrasplenic inoculation in nude mice. Collectively, our data reveal a new function for CDH17, which is to regulate α2β1 integrin signaling in cell adhesion and proliferation in colon cancer cells for liver metastasis.
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14
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Involvement of liver-intestine cadherin in cancer progression. Med Mol Morphol 2013; 46:1-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00795-012-0003-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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15
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LI-cadherin cis-dimerizes in the plasma membrane Ca(2+) independently and forms highly dynamic trans-contacts. Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 69:3851-62. [PMID: 22842778 PMCID: PMC3478510 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-1053-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2012] [Revised: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
LI-cadherin belongs to the family of 7D-cadherins that is characterized by a low sequence similarity to classical cadherins, seven extracellular cadherin repeats (ECs), and a short cytoplasmic domain. Nevertheless, LI-cadherins mediates Ca2+-dependent cell–cell adhesion and induces an epitheloid cellular phenotype in non-polarized CHO cells. Whereas several studies suggest that classical cadherins cis-dimerize in a Ca2+-dependent manner and interact in trans by strand-swapping tryptophan 2 of EC1, little is known about the molecular interactions of LI-cadherin, which lacks tryptophan 2. We thus expressed fluorescent LI-cadherin fusion proteins in HEK293 and CHO cells, analyzed their cell–cell adhesive properties and studied their cellular distribution, cis-interaction, and lateral diffusion in the presence and absence of Ca2+. LI-cadherin highly concentrates in cell contact areas but rapidly leaves those sites upon Ca2+ depletion and redistributes evenly on the cell surface, indicating that it is only kept in the contact areas by trans-interactions. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer analysis of LI-cadherin-CFP and -YFP revealed that LI-cadherin forms cis-dimers that resist Ca2+ depletion. As determined by fluorescence redistribution after photobleaching, LI-cadherin freely diffuses in the plasma membrane as a cis-dimer (D = 0.42 ± 0.03 μm2/s). When trapped by trans-binding in cell contact areas, its diffusion coefficient decreases only threefold to D = 0.12 ± 0.01 μm2/s, revealing that, in contrast to classical and desmosomal cadherins, trans-contacts formed by LI-cadherin are highly dynamic.
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16
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Abstract
Adherens junctions are the most common junction type found in animal epithelia. Their core components are classical cadherins and catenins, which form membrane-spanning complexes that mediate intercellular binding on the extracellular side and associate with the actin cytoskeleton on the intracellular side. Junctional cadherin-catenin complexes are key elements involved in driving animal morphogenesis. Despite their ubiquity and importance, comparative studies of classical cadherins, catenins and their related molecules suggest that the cadherin/catenin-based adherens junctions have undergone structural and compositional transitions during the diversification of animal lineages. This chapter describes the molecular diversities related to the cadherin-catenin complex, based on accumulated molecular and genomic information. Understanding when and how the junctional cadherin-catenin complex originated, and its subsequent diversification in animals, promotes a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms of animal morphological diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oda Hiroki
- JT Biohistory Research Hall, 1-1 Murasaki-cho, 569-1125, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan,
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17
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Lee NP, Poon RTP, Shek FH, Ng IOL, Luk JM. Role of cadherin-17 in oncogenesis and potential therapeutic implications in hepatocellular carcinoma. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2010; 1806:138-45. [PMID: 20580775 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2010.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2010] [Revised: 05/03/2010] [Accepted: 05/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cadherin is an important cell adhesion molecule that plays paramount roles in organ development and the maintenance of tissue integrity. Dysregulation of cadherin expression is often associated with disease pathology including tissue dysplasia, tumor formation, and metastasis. Cadherin-17 (CDH17), belonging to a subclass of 7D-cadherin superfamily, is present in fetal liver and gastrointestinal tract during embryogenesis, but the gene becomes silenced in healthy adult liver and stomach tissues. It functions as a peptide transporter and a cell adhesion molecule to maintain tissue integrity in epithelia. However, recent findings from our group and others have reported aberrant expression of CDH17 in major gastrointestinal malignancies including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), stomach and colorectal cancers, and its clinical association with tumor metastasis and advanced tumor stages. Furthermore, alternative splice isoforms and genetic polymorphisms of CDH17 gene have been identified in HCC and linked to an increased risk of HCC. CDH17 is an attractive target for HCC therapy. Targeting CDH17 in HCC can inhibit tumor growth and inactivate Wnt signaling pathway in concomitance with activation of tumor suppressor genes. Further investigation on CDH17-mediated oncogenic signaling and cognate molecular mechanisms would shed light on new targeting therapy on HCC and potentially other gastrointestinal malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikki P Lee
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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18
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Liu LX, Lee NP, Chan VW, Xue W, Zender L, Zhang C, Mao M, Dai H, Wang XL, Xu MZ, Lee TK, Ng IO, Chen Y, Kung HF, Lowe SW, Poon RTP, Wang JH, Luk JM. Targeting cadherin-17 inactivates Wnt signaling and inhibits tumor growth in liver carcinoma. Hepatology 2009; 50:1453-63. [PMID: 19676131 PMCID: PMC3328302 DOI: 10.1002/hep.23143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a lethal malignancy for which there are no effective therapies. To develop rational therapeutic approaches for treating this disease, we are performing proof-of-principle studies targeting molecules crucial for the development of HCC. Here, we show that cadherin-17 (CDH17) adhesion molecule is up-regulated in human liver cancers and can transform premalignant liver progenitor cells to produce liver carcinomas in mice. RNA interference-mediated knockdown of CDH17 inhibited proliferation of both primary and highly metastatic HCC cell lines in vitro and in vivo. The antitumor mechanisms underlying CDH17 inhibition involve inactivation of Wnt signaling, because growth inhibition and cell death were accompanied by relocalization of beta-catenin to the cytoplasm and a concomitant reduction in cyclin D1 and an increase in retinoblastoma. CONCLUSION Our results identify CDH17 as a novel oncogene in HCC and suggest that CDH17 is a biomarker and attractive therapeutic target for this aggressive malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Xiao Liu
- Department of Surgery and Center for Cancer Research, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
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19
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Hulpiau P, van Roy F. Molecular evolution of the cadherin superfamily. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2008; 41:349-69. [PMID: 18848899 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2008.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2008] [Revised: 09/19/2008] [Accepted: 09/24/2008] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
This review deals with the large and pleiotropic superfamily of cadherins and its molecular evolution. We compiled literature data and an in-depth phylogenetic analysis of more than 350 members of this superfamily from about 30 species, covering several but not all representative branches within metazoan evolution. We analyzed the sequence homology between either ectodomains or cytoplasmic domains, and we reviewed protein structural data and genomic architecture. Cadherins and cadherin-related molecules are defined by having an ectodomain in which at least two consecutive calcium-binding cadherin repeats are present. There are usually 5 or 6 domains, but in some cases as many as 34. Additional protein modules in the ectodomains point at adaptive evolution. Despite the occurrence of several conserved motifs in subsets of cytoplasmic domains, these domains are even more diverse than ectodomains and most likely have evolved separately from the ectodomains. By fine tuning molecular classifications, we reduced the number of solitary superfamily members. We propose a cadherin major branch, subdivided in two families and 8 subfamilies, and a cadherin-related major branch, subdivided in four families and 11 subfamilies. Accordingly, we propose a more appropriate nomenclature. Although still fragmentary, our insight into the molecular evolution of these remarkable proteins is steadily growing. Consequently, we can start to propose testable hypotheses for structure-function relationships with impact on our models of molecular evolution. An emerging concept is that the ever evolving diversity of cadherin structures is serving dual and important functions: specific cell adhesion and intricate cell signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paco Hulpiau
- Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
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20
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Thedieck C, Kalbacher H, Kratzer U, Lammers R, Stevanovic S, Klein G. αB-Crystallin is a Cytoplasmic Interaction Partner of the Kidney-Specific Cadherin-16. J Mol Biol 2008; 378:145-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2008.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2007] [Revised: 01/11/2008] [Accepted: 02/04/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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21
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Baumgartner W, Wendeler MW, Weth A, Koob R, Drenckhahn D, Gessner R. Heterotypic trans-interaction of LI- and E-cadherin and their localization in plasmalemmal microdomains. J Mol Biol 2008; 378:44-54. [PMID: 18342884 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2008.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2007] [Revised: 02/07/2008] [Accepted: 02/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cadherins are calcium-dependent adhesion molecules important for tissue morphogenesis and integrity. LI-cadherin and E-cadherin are the two prominent cadherins in intestinal epithelial cells. Whereas LI-cadherin belongs to the subfamily of 7D (seven-domain)-cadherins defined by their seven extracellular cadherin repeats and short intracellular domain, E-cadherin is the prototype of classical cadherins with five extracellular domains and a highly conserved cytoplasmic part that interacts with catenins and thereby modulates the organization of the cytoskeleton. Here, we report a specific heterotypic trans-interaction of LI- with E-cadherin, two cadherins of distinct subfamilies. Using atomic force microscopy and laser tweezer experiments, the trans-interaction of LI- and E-cadherin was characterized on the single-molecule level and on the cellular level, respectively. This heterotypic interaction showed similar binding strength (20-52 pN at 200-4000 nm/s) and lifetime (0.8 s) as the respective homotypic interactions of LI- and E-cadherin. VE-cadherin, another classical cadherin, did not bind to LI-cadherin. In enterocytes, LI-cadherin and E-cadherin are located in different membrane regions. LI-cadherin is distributed along the basolateral membrane, whereas the majority of E-cadherin is concentrated in adherens junctions. This difference in membrane distribution was also reflected in Chinese hamster ovary cells stably expressing either LI- or E-cadherin. We found that LI-cadherin is localized almost exclusively in cholesterol-rich fractions, whereas E-cadherin is excluded from these membrane fractions. Given their different membrane localization in enterocytes, the heterotypic trans-interaction of LI- and E-cadherin might play a role during development of the intestinal epithelium when the cells do not yet have elaborate membrane specializations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner Baumgartner
- Department of Cellular Neurobionics, Institute of Zoology, RWTH-Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany.
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22
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Wendeler MW, Drenckhahn D, Gessner R, Baumgartner W. Intestinal LI-cadherin acts as a Ca2+-dependent adhesion switch. J Mol Biol 2007; 370:220-30. [PMID: 17512947 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2007.04.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2006] [Revised: 04/13/2007] [Accepted: 04/19/2007] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cadherins are Ca(2+)-dependent transmembrane glycoproteins that mediate cell-cell adhesion and are important for the structural integrity of epithelia. LI-cadherin and the classical E-cadherin are the predominant two cadherins in the intestinal epithelium. LI-cadherin consists of seven extracellular cadherin repeats and a short cytoplasmic part that does not interact with catenins. In contrast, E-cadherin is composed of five cadherin repeats and a large cytoplasmic domain that is linked via catenins to the actin cytoskeleton. Whereas E-cadherin is concentrated in adherens junctions, LI-cadherin is evenly distributed along the lateral contact area of intestinal epithelial cells. To investigate if the particular structural properties of LI-cadherin result in a divergent homotypic adhesion mechanism, we analyzed the binding parameters of LI-cadherin on the single molecule and the cellular level using atomic force microscopy, affinity chromatography and laser tweezer experiments. Homotypic trans-interaction of LI-cadherin exhibits low affinity binding with a short lifetime of only 1.4 s. Interestingly, LI-cadherin binding responds to small changes in extracellular Ca(2+) below the physiological plasma concentration with a high degree of cooperativity. Thus, LI-cadherin might serve as a Ca(2+)-regulated switch for the adhesive system on basolateral membranes of the intestinal epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus W Wendeler
- Biomedical Research Center, Virchow Hospital of Charité Medical School Berlin, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
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