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Zou YX, Xiang TN, Xu LR, Zhang H, Ma YH, Zhang L, Zhou CX, Wu X, Huang QL, Lei B, Mu JW, Qin XY, Jiang X, Zheng YJ. Dehydrozaluzanin C- derivative protects septic mice by alleviating over-activated inflammatory response and promoting the phagocytosis of macrophages. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 132:111889. [PMID: 38531202 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Host-directed therapy (HDT) is a new adjuvant strategy that interfere with host cell factors that are required by a pathogen for replication or persistence. In this study, we assessed the effect of dehydrozaluzanin C-derivative (DHZD), a modified compound from dehydrozaluzanin C (DHZC), as a potential HDT agent for severe infection. LPS-induced septic mouse model and Carbapenem resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) infection mouse model was used for testing in vivo. RAW264.7 cells, mouse primary macrophages, and DCs were used for in vitro experiments. Dexamethasone (DXM) was used as a positive control agent. DHZD ameliorated tissue damage (lung, kidney, and liver) and excessive inflammatory response induced by LPS or CRKP infection in mice. Also, DHZD improved the hypothermic symptoms of acute peritonitis induced by CRKP, inhibited heat-killed CRKP (HK-CRKP)-induced inflammatory response in macrophages, and upregulated the proportions of phagocytic cell types in lungs. In vitro data suggested that DHZD decreases LPS-stimulated expression of IL-6, TNF-α and MCP-1 via PI3K/Akt/p70S6K signaling pathway in macrophages. Interestingly, the combined treatment group of DXM and DHZD had a higher survival rate and lower level of IL-6 than those of the DXM-treated group; the combination of DHZD and DXM played a synergistic role in decreasing IL-6 secretion in sera. Moreover, the phagocytic receptor CD36 was increased by DHZD in macrophages, which was accompanied by increased bacterial phagocytosis in a clathrin- and actin-dependent manner. This data suggests that DHZD may be a potential drug candidate for treating bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Xiang Zou
- The Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Tian-Nan Xiang
- The Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Department of Chinese Medicine, Hubei College of Chinese Medicine, Jingzhou, Hubei, 434020, China
| | - Li-Rong Xu
- The Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- The Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yu-He Ma
- The Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- The Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Chun-Xian Zhou
- The Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiao Wu
- The Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qi-Lin Huang
- The Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Biao Lei
- The Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jing-Wen Mu
- The Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiang-Yang Qin
- Department of Chemistry, school of pharmacy, Fourth Military University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China.
| | - Xin Jiang
- The Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Yue-Juan Zheng
- The Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Health Identification and Assessment, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Ban H, Sato S, Yoshikawa S, Yamada K, Nakamura Y, Ichinomiya M, Sato N, Blanc-Mathieu R, Endo H, Kuwata A, Ogata H. Genome analysis of Parmales, the sister group of diatoms, reveals the evolutionary specialization of diatoms from phago-mixotrophs to photoautotrophs. Commun Biol 2023; 6:697. [PMID: 37420035 PMCID: PMC10328945 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05002-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The order Parmales (class Bolidophyceae) is a minor group of pico-sized eukaryotic marine phytoplankton that contains species with cells surrounded by silica plates. Previous studies revealed that Parmales is a member of ochrophytes and sister to diatoms (phylum Bacillariophyta), the most successful phytoplankton group in the modern ocean. Therefore, parmalean genomes can serve as a reference to elucidate both the evolutionary events that differentiated these two lineages and the genomic basis for the ecological success of diatoms vs. the more cryptic lifestyle of parmaleans. Here, we compare the genomes of eight parmaleans and five diatoms to explore their physiological and evolutionary differences. Parmaleans are predicted to be phago-mixotrophs. By contrast, diatoms have lost genes related to phagocytosis, indicating the ecological specialization from phago-mixotrophy to photoautotrophy in their early evolution. Furthermore, diatoms show significant enrichment in gene sets involved in nutrient uptake and metabolism, including iron and silica, in comparison with parmaleans. Overall, our results suggest a strong evolutionary link between the loss of phago-mixotrophy and specialization to a silicified photoautotrophic life stage early in diatom evolution after diverging from the Parmales lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Ban
- Bioinformatics Center, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Shinya Sato
- Department of Marine Science and Technology, Fukui Prefectural University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Obama City, Fukui, 917-0003, Japan
| | - Shinya Yoshikawa
- Department of Marine Science and Technology, Fukui Prefectural University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Obama City, Fukui, 917-0003, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Yamada
- Department of Marine Science and Technology, Fukui Prefectural University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Obama City, Fukui, 917-0003, Japan
| | - Yoji Nakamura
- Bioinformatics and Biosciences Division, Fisheries Stock Assessment Center, Fisheries Resources Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-12-4 Fuku-ura, Kanazawa, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-8648, Japan
| | - Mutsuo Ichinomiya
- Prefectural University of Kumamoto, 3-1-100 Tsukide, Kumamoto, 862-8502, Japan
| | - Naoki Sato
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
| | - Romain Blanc-Mathieu
- Bioinformatics Center, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire & Végétale, CEA, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, INRA, IRIG, Grenoble, France
| | - Hisashi Endo
- Bioinformatics Center, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Akira Kuwata
- Shiogama field station, Fisheries Resources Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 3-27-5 Shinhama-cho, Shiogama, Miyagi, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Ogata
- Bioinformatics Center, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan.
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Martínez-Riaño A, Delgado P, Tercero R, Barrero S, Mendoza P, Oeste CL, Abia D, Rodríguez-Bovolenta E, Turner M, Alarcón B. Recreation of an antigen-driven germinal center in vitro by providing B cells with phagocytic antigen. Commun Biol 2023; 6:437. [PMID: 37081131 PMCID: PMC10119099 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04807-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Successful vaccines rely on activating a functional humoral immune response through the generation of class-switched high affinity immunoglobulins (Igs). The germinal center (GC) reaction is crucial for this process, in which B cells are selected in their search for antigen and T cell help. A major hurdle to understand the mechanisms of B cell:T cell cooperation has been the lack of an antigen-specific in vitro GC system. Here we report the generation of antigen-specific, high-affinity, class-switched Igs in simple 2-cell type cultures of naive B and T cells. B cell antigen uptake by phagocytosis is key to generate these Igs. We have used the method to interrogate if T cells confer directional help to cognate B cells that present antigen and to bystander B cells. We find that bystander B cells do not generate class-switched antibodies due to a defective formation of T-B conjugates and an early conversion into memory B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Martínez-Riaño
- Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Delgado
- Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rut Tercero
- Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Barrero
- Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Mendoza
- Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Clara L Oeste
- Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Abia
- Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Martin Turner
- The Brabaham Institute, Babraham Hall House, Babraham, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Balbino Alarcón
- Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
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Smith LC, Crow RS, Franchi N, Schrankel CS. The echinoid complement system inferred from genome sequence searches. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 140:104584. [PMID: 36343741 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The vertebrate complement cascade is an essential host protection system that functions at the intersection of adaptive and innate immunity. However, it was originally assumed that complement was present only in vertebrates because it was activated by antibodies and functioned with adaptive immunity. Subsequently, the identification of the key component, SpC3, in sea urchins plus a wide range of other invertebrates significantly expanded the concepts of how complement functions. Because there are few reports on the echinoid complement system, an alternative approach to identify complement components in echinoderms is to search the deduced proteins encoded in the genomes. This approach identified known and putative members of the lectin and alternative activation pathways, but members of the terminal pathway are absent. Several types of complement receptors are encoded in the genomes. Complement regulatory proteins composed of complement control protein (CCP) modules are identified that may control the activation pathways and the convertases. Other regulatory proteins without CCP modules are also identified, however regulators of the terminal pathway are absent. The expansion of genes encoding proteins with Macpf domains is noteworthy because this domain is a signature of perforin and proteins in the terminal pathway. The results suggest that the major functions of the echinoid complement system are detection of foreign targets by the proteins that initiate the activation pathways resulting in opsonization by SpC3b fragments to augment phagocytosis and destruction of the foreign targets by the immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Courtney Smith
- Department of Biological Sciences, George Washington University, Washington DC, USA.
| | - Ryley S Crow
- Department of Biological Sciences, George Washington University, Washington DC, USA
| | - Nicola Franchi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Catherine S Schrankel
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, La Jolla, CA, USA
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5
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Dib K, El Banna A, Radulescu C, Lopez Campos G, Sheehan G, Kavanagh K. Histamine Produced by Gram-Negative Bacteria Impairs Neutrophil's Antimicrobial Response by Engaging the Histamine 2 Receptor. J Innate Immun 2022; 15:153-173. [PMID: 35858582 PMCID: PMC10643892 DOI: 10.1159/000525536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We found that histamine (10-9 M) did not have any effect on the in vitro capture of Escherichia coli by neutrophils but accelerated its intracellular killing. In contrast, histamine (10-6 M) delayed the capture of Escherichia coli by neutrophils and reduced the amounts of pHrodo zymosan particles inside acidic mature phagosomes. Histamine acted through the H4R and the H2R, which are coupled to the Src family tyrosine kinases or the cAMP/protein kinase A pathway, respectively. The protein kinase A inhibitor H-89 abrogated the delay in bacterial capture induced by histamine (10-6 M) and the Src family tyrosine kinase inhibitor PP2 blocked histamine (10-9 M) induced acceleration of bacterial intracellular killing and tyrosine phosphorylation of proteins. To investigate the role of histamine in pathogenicity, we designed an Acinetobacter baumannii strain deficient in histamine production (hdc::TOPO). Galleria mellonella larvae inoculated with the wild-type Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC 17978 strain (1.1 × 105 CFU) died rapidly (100% death within 40 h) but not when inoculated with the Acinetobacter baumannii hdc::TOPO mutant (10% mortality). The concentration of histamine rose in the larval haemolymph upon inoculation of the wild type but not the Acinetobacter baumannii hdc::TOPO mutant, such concentration of histamine blocks the ability of hemocytes from Galleria mellonella to capture Candida albicans in vitro. Thus, bacteria-producing histamine, by maintaining high levels of histamine, may impair neutrophil phagocytosis by hijacking the H2R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Dib
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Amal El Banna
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Clara Radulescu
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Guillermo Lopez Campos
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Gerard Sheehan
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Kevin Kavanagh
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
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6
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Singh N, Benoit MR, Zhou J, Das B, Davila-Velderrain J, Kellis M, Tsai LH, Hu X, Yan R. BACE-1 inhibition facilitates the transition from homeostatic microglia to DAM-1. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabo1286. [PMID: 35714196 PMCID: PMC9205595 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo1286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACE-1 is required for generating β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we report that microglial BACE-1 regulates the transition of homeostatic to stage 1 disease-associated microglia (DAM-1) signature. BACE-1 deficiency elevated levels of transcription factors including Jun, Jund, Btg2, Erg1, Junb, Fos, and Fosb in the transition signature, which transition from more homeostatic to highly phagocytic DAM-1. Consistently, similar transition-state microglia in human AD brains correlated with lowered levels of BACE-1 expression. Targeted deletion of Bace-1 in adult 5xFAD mice microglia elevated these phagocytic microglia, correlated with significant reduction in amyloid plaques without synaptic toxicity. Silencing or pharmacologically inhibiting BACE-1 in cultured microglia-derived cells shows higher phagocytic function in microglia. Mechanistic exploration suggests that abolished cleavage of IL-1R2 and Toll-like receptors via BACE-1 inhibition contributes to the enhanced signaling via the PI3K and p38 MAPK kinase pathway. Together, targeted inhibition of BACE-1 in microglia may offer AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Singh
- Department of Neuroscience, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030-3401, USA
| | - Marc R. Benoit
- Department of Neuroscience, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030-3401, USA
| | - John Zhou
- Department of Neuroscience, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030-3401, USA
| | - Brati Das
- Department of Neuroscience, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030-3401, USA
| | - Jose Davila-Velderrain
- Human Technopole, Viale Rita Levi-Montalcini 1, 20157, Milan, Italy
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Manolis Kellis
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Li-Huei Tsai
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Xiangyou Hu
- Department of Neuroscience, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030-3401, USA
| | - Riqiang Yan
- Department of Neuroscience, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030-3401, USA
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Qi W, Gao Q, Tian J, Wu B, Lin M, Qi S, Yan Q, Huang L. Immune responses and inorganic ion transport regulations of Epinephelus coioides in response to L321_RS13075 gene of Pseudomonas plecoglossicida. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 120:599-609. [PMID: 34968707 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas plecoglossicida is a well-known pathogen of viscera granulomas disease in fish, which has led to severe economic losses. In our previous study, L321_RS13075 was predicted to be a key virulence gene of P. plecoglossicida during the host-pathogen interaction with Epinephelus coioides. To investigate the role of L321_RS13075 in the regulation of virulence in P. plecoglossicida, a L321_RS13075 knock-down strain was constructed. And a significant reduction in the ability of colonization, intracellular survival, motility, biofilm formation, and adhesion was detected in the L321_RS13075 knock-down strain. Compared with the wild-type strain, the silence of L321_RS13075 in P. plecoglossicida resulted in a significant change in the transcriptome of infected Epinephelus coioides (E. coioides). Results of COG and GO analysis on E. coioides showed that genes related to immune responses and inorganic ion transport were significantly affected by L321_RS13075 of P. plecoglossicida. Meanwhile, the interactions of the genes related to immune responses and inorganic ion transport were predicted, and the important hub genes were identified. Taken together, the results indicated that L321_RS13075 was a virulent gene of P. plecoglossicida, which significantly affected the immune responses and inorganic ion transport in E. coioides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilu Qi
- Fisheries College, Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China
| | - Qiancheng Gao
- Fisheries College, Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China
| | - Jing Tian
- Fisheries College, Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China
| | - Bi Wu
- Fisheries College, Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China
| | - Miaozhen Lin
- Fisheries College, Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China
| | - Shanni Qi
- Fisheries College, Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China
| | - Qingpi Yan
- Fisheries College, Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China.
| | - Lixing Huang
- Fisheries College, Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China; Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Special Aquatic Formula Feed, Fujian Tianma Science and Technology Group Co., Ltd., PR China.
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8
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Uddin MB, Sajib EH, Hoque SF, Hassan MM, Ahmed SSU. Macrophages in respiratory system. RECENT ADVANCEMENTS IN MICROBIAL DIVERSITY 2022:299-333. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822368-0.00014-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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9
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Zhao J, Song W, Tang Z, Chen X. Macromolecular Effects in Medicinal Chemistry ※. ACTA CHIMICA SINICA 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/a21120602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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10
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Fan L, Wang W, Wang Z, Zhao M. Gold nanoparticles enhance antibody effect through direct cancer cell cytotoxicity by differential regulation of phagocytosis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6371. [PMID: 34737259 PMCID: PMC8569206 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26694-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ramucirumab is the first FDA-approved monotherapy for advanced gastric cancer. In this study, Ramucirumab (Ab) is attached to gold nanoparticles to enhance uptake efficiency. Gold nanoparticles can induce direct cytotoxic effects to cancer cells in the presence of Ab, while individual Ab or gold nanoparticles don't have such an effective anticancer effect even at extremely high concentrations. Proteomic and transcriptomic analyses reveal this direct cytotoxicity is derived predominantly from Ab-mediated phagocytosis. High affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc receptor I shows differential up-regulation in gastric cancer cells treated by these nanodrugs compared with Ab, especially for Ab with gold nanorods. Simplified and powerful designs of smart nanoparticles are highly desired for clinical application. The enhancement of Ab accumulation with a simple composition, combined with direct cytotoxic effects specific to cancer cells brought improved therapeutic effects in vivo compared with Ab, which can promote further clinical application of gold nanomaterials in the diagnosis and therapeutics of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyang Fan
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Weizhi Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zihua Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Minzhi Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, 100190, China.
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11
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Glycans in autophagy, endocytosis and lysosomal functions. Glycoconj J 2021; 38:625-647. [PMID: 34390447 PMCID: PMC8497297 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-021-10007-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glycans have been shown to function as versatile molecular signals in cells. This prompted us to look at their roles in endocytosis, endolysosomal system and autophagy. We start by introducing the cell biological aspects of these pathways, the concept of the sugar code, and provide an overview on the role of glycans in the targeting of lysosomal proteins and in lysosomal functions. Moreover, we review evidence on the regulation of endocytosis and autophagy by glycans. Finally, we discuss the emerging concept that cytosolic exposure of luminal glycans, and their detection by endogenous lectins, provides a mechanism for the surveillance of the integrity of the endolysosomal compartments, and serves their eventual repair or disposal.
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12
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Cavalcante MF, Adorne MD, Turato WM, Kemmerer M, Uchiyama MK, Asbahr ACC, Alves ADCS, Farsky SHP, Drewes C, Spatti MC, Kazuma SM, Boss M, Guterres SS, Araki K, Brüne B, Namgaladze D, Pohlmann AR, Abdalla DSP. scFv-Anti-LDL(-)-Metal-Complex Multi-Wall Functionalized-Nanocapsules as a Promising Tool for the Prevention of Atherosclerosis Progression. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:652137. [PMID: 33959626 PMCID: PMC8095373 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.652137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis can be originated from the accumulation of modified cholesterol-rich lipoproteins in the arterial wall. The electronegative LDL, LDL(-), plays an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis once this cholesterol-rich lipoprotein can be internalized by macrophages, contributing to the formation of foam cells, and provoking an immune-inflammatory response. Herein, we engineered a nanoformulation containing highly pure surface-functionalized nanocapsules using a single-chain fragment variable (scFv) reactive to LDL(-) as a ligand and assessed whether it can affect the LDL(-) uptake by primary macrophages and the progression of atherosclerotic lesions in Ldlr -/- mice. The engineered and optimized scFv-anti-LDL(-)-MCMN-Zn nanoformulation is internalized by human and murine macrophages in vitro by different endocytosis mechanisms. Moreover, macrophages exhibited lower LDL(-) uptake and reduced mRNA and protein levels of IL1B and MCP1 induced by LDL(-) when treated with this new nanoformulation. In a mouse model of atherosclerosis employing Ldlr -/- mice, intravenous administration of scFv-anti-LDL(-)-MCMN-Zn nanoformulation inhibited atherosclerosis progression without affecting vascular permeability or inducing leukocytes-endothelium interactions. Together, these findings suggest that a scFv-anti-LDL(-)-MCMN-Zn nanoformulation holds promise to be used in future preventive and therapeutic strategies for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Frota Cavalcante
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Márcia Duarte Adorne
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Walter Miguel Turato
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marina Kemmerer
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Mayara Klimuk Uchiyama
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Cavazzin Asbahr
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Aline de Cristo Soares Alves
- Department of Production and Control of Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Sandra Helena Poliselli Farsky
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carine Drewes
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marina Cecília Spatti
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Soraya Megumi Kazuma
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcel Boss
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Silvia Stanisçuaski Guterres
- Department of Production and Control of Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Koiti Araki
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bernhard Brüne
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Dmitry Namgaladze
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Adriana Raffin Pohlmann
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Dulcineia Saes Parra Abdalla
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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13
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Abstract
New work shows that the glycocalyx meshwork on the surface of macrophages prevents phagocytic receptors from binding their ligands by two means - electrostatic charge and steric hindrance. Components of this barrier are present on pathogenic and malignant targets that elude phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Maschalidi
- Unit for Cell Clearance in Health and Disease, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kodi S Ravichandran
- Unit for Cell Clearance in Health and Disease, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; The Center for Cell Clearance, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
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14
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Le Guernic A, Geffard A, Rioult D, Bigot-Clivot A, Leprêtre M, Palos Ladeiro M. Cellular and molecular complementary immune stress markers for the model species Dreissena polymorpha. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 107:452-462. [PMID: 33197585 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to combine cellular and molecular analyses for better detail the effects of various stresses on a sentinel species of freshwater invertebrate. For this purpose, the hemocytes of the zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha, were exposed to different stresses at two different intensities, high or low: chemical (cadmium and ionomycin), physical (ultraviolet B), or biological ones (Cryptosporidium parvum and Toxoplasma gondii). After exposure, flow cytometry and droplet digital PCR analyses were performed on the same pools of hemocytes. Several responses related to necrosis, apoptosis, phagocytosis, production of nitric oxide and expression level of several genes related to the antioxidant, detoxification and immune systems were evaluated. Results showed that hemocyte integrity was compromised by both chemical and physical stress, and cellular markers of phagocytosis reacted to ionomycin and protozoa. While cadmium induced oxidative stress and necrosis, ionomycin tends to modulate the immune response of hemocytes. Although both biological stresses led to a similar immune response, C. parvum oocysts induced more effects than T. gondii, notably through the expression of effector caspases gene and an increase in hemocyte necrosis. This suggests different management of the two protozoa by the cell. This work provides new knowledge of biomarkers in the zebra mussel, at both cellular and molecular levels, and contributes to elucidate the mechanisms of action of different kinds of stress in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Le Guernic
- Reims Champagne-Ardenne University (URCA), Campus Moulin de La Housse, UMR-I02 SEBIO, 51687, Reims, France.
| | - Alain Geffard
- Reims Champagne-Ardenne University (URCA), Campus Moulin de La Housse, UMR-I02 SEBIO, 51687, Reims, France
| | - Damien Rioult
- Reims Champagne-Ardenne University (URCA), Campus Moulin de La Housse, UMR-I02 SEBIO, 51687, Reims, France; Plateau Technique Mobile en Cytométrie Environnementale MOBICYTE, URCA/INERIS, URCA, 51687, Reims, France
| | - Aurélie Bigot-Clivot
- Reims Champagne-Ardenne University (URCA), Campus Moulin de La Housse, UMR-I02 SEBIO, 51687, Reims, France
| | - Maxime Leprêtre
- Reims Champagne-Ardenne University (URCA), Campus Moulin de La Housse, UMR-I02 SEBIO, 51687, Reims, France
| | - Mélissa Palos Ladeiro
- Reims Champagne-Ardenne University (URCA), Campus Moulin de La Housse, UMR-I02 SEBIO, 51687, Reims, France
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15
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van der Poel M, Hoepel W, Hamann J, Huitinga I, Dunnen JD. IgG Immune Complexes Break Immune Tolerance of Human Microglia. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:2511-2518. [PMID: 32967931 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Microglia are phagocytic cells involved in homeostasis of the brain and are key players in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). A hallmark of MS diagnosis is the presence of IgG Abs, which appear as oligoclonal bands in the cerebrospinal fluid. In this study, we demonstrate that myelin obtained post mortem from 8 out of 11 MS brain donors is bound by IgG Abs. Importantly, we show that IgG immune complexes strongly potentiate activation of primary human microglia by breaking their tolerance for microbial stimuli, such as LPS and Poly I:C, resulting in increased production of key proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF and IL-1β. We identified FcγRI and FcγRIIa as the two main responsible IgG receptors for the breaking of immune tolerance of microglia. Combined, these data indicate that IgG immune complexes potentiate inflammation by human microglia, which may play an important role in MS-associated inflammation and the formation of demyelinating lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlijn van der Poel
- Neuroimmunology Research Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, 1105 BA Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Willianne Hoepel
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, University Medical Centers, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and
| | - Jörg Hamann
- Neuroimmunology Research Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, 1105 BA Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, University Medical Centers, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Inge Huitinga
- Neuroimmunology Research Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, 1105 BA Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1090 GE Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen den Dunnen
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, University Medical Centers, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; .,Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and
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16
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RIAM-VASP Module Relays Integrin Complement Receptors in Outside-In Signaling Driving Particle Engulfment. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051166. [PMID: 32397169 PMCID: PMC7291270 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The phagocytic integrins and complement receptors αMβ2/CR3 and αXβ2/CR4 are classically associated with the phagocytosis of iC3b-opsonized particles. The activation of this receptor is dependent on signals derived from other receptors (inside-out signaling) with the crucial involvement of the Rap1-RIAM-Talin-1 pathway. Here, we analyze the implication of RIAM and its binding partner VASP in the signaling events occurring downstream of β2 integrins (outside-in) during complement-mediated phagocytosis. To this end, we used HL-60 promyelocytic cell lines deficient in RIAM or VASP or overexpressing EGFP-tagged VASP to determine VASP dynamics at phagocytic cups. Our results indicate that RIAM-deficient HL-60 cells presented impaired particle internalization and altered integrin downstream signaling during complement-dependent phagocytosis. Similarly, VASP deficiency completely blocked phagocytosis, while VASP overexpression increased the random movement of phagocytic particles at the cell surface, with reduced internalization. Moreover, the recruitment of VASP to particle contact sites, amount of pSer157-VASP and formation of actin-rich phagocytic cups were dependent on RIAM expression. Our results suggested that RIAM worked as a relay for integrin complement receptors in outside-in signaling, coordinating integrin activation and cytoskeletal rearrangements via its interaction with VASP.
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17
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Abstract
Phagocytosis is a pivotal immunological process, and its discovery by Elia Metchnikoff in 1882 was a step toward the establishment of the innate immune system as a separate branch of immunology. Elia Metchnikoff received the Nobel Prize in physiology and medicine for this discovery in 1908. Since its discovery almost 140 years before, phagocytosis remains the hot topic of research in immunology. The phagocytosis research has seen a great advancement since its first discovery. Functionally, phagocytosis is a simple immunological process required to engulf and remove pathogens, dead cells and tumor cells to maintain the immune homeostasis. However, mechanistically, it is a very complex process involving different mechanisms, induced and regulated by several pattern recognition receptors, soluble pattern recognition molecules, scavenger receptors (SRs) and opsonins. These mechanisms involve the formation of phagosomes, their maturation into phagolysosomes causing pathogen destruction or antigen synthesis to present them to major histocompatibility complex molecules for activating an adaptive immune response. Any defect in this mechanism may predispose the host to certain infections and inflammatory diseases (autoinflammatory and autoimmune diseases) along with immunodeficiency. The article is designed to discuss its mechanistic complexity at each level, varying from phagocytosis induction to phagolysosome resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- Faculty of Medicine, Children's Health Queensland Clinical Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, Mater Research, University of Queensland, ST Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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18
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Wang L, Zhang X, Wu G, Qi Y, Zhang J, Yang J, Wang H, Xu W. Streptococcus pneumoniae aminopeptidase N contributes to bacterial virulence and elicits a strong innate immune response through MAPK and PI3K/AKT signaling. J Microbiol 2020; 58:330-339. [PMID: 32103444 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-020-9538-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a Gram-positive pathogen with high morbidity and mortality globally but some of its pathogenesis remains unknown. Previous research has provided evidence that aminopeptidase N (PepN) is most likely a virulence factor of S. pneumoniae. However, its role in S. pneumoniae virulence and its interaction with the host remains to be confirmed. We generated a pepN gene deficient mutant strain and found that its virulence for mice was significantly attenuated as were in vitro adhesion and invasion of host cells. The PepN protein could induce a strong innate immune response in vivo and in vitro and induced secretion of IL-6 and TNF-α by primary peritoneal macrophages via the rapid phosphorylation of MAPK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways and this was confirmed using specific pathway inhibitors. In conclusion, PepN is a novel virulence factor that is essential for the virulence of S. pneumoniae and induces host innate immunity via MAPK and PI3K/AKT signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Guangying Wu
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Yuhong Qi
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Jinghui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Jing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Hong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Wenchun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China.
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19
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Barger SR, Gauthier NC, Krendel M. Squeezing in a Meal: Myosin Functions in Phagocytosis. Trends Cell Biol 2019; 30:157-167. [PMID: 31836280 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2019.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Phagocytosis is a receptor-mediated, actin-dependent process of internalization of large extracellular particles, such as pathogens or apoptotic cells. Engulfment of phagocytic targets requires the activity of myosins, actin-dependent molecular motors, which perform a variety of functions at distinct steps during phagocytosis. By applying force to actin filaments, the plasma membrane, and intracellular proteins and organelles, myosins can generate contractility, directly regulate actin assembly to ensure proper phagocytic internalization, and translocate phagosomes or other cargo to appropriate cellular locations. Recent studies using engineered microenvironments and phagocytic targets have demonstrated how altering the actomyosin cytoskeleton affects phagocytic behavior. Here, we discuss how studies using genetic and biochemical manipulation of myosins, force measurement techniques, and live-cell imaging have advanced our understanding of how specific myosins function at individual steps of phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R Barger
- Cell and Developmental Biology Department, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | | | - Mira Krendel
- Cell and Developmental Biology Department, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
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20
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Naik U, Nguyen QPH, Harrison RE. Binding and uptake of single and dual-opsonized targets by macrophages. J Cell Biochem 2019; 121:183-199. [PMID: 31172552 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Our current understanding of phagocytosis is largely derived from studies of individual receptor-ligand interactions and their downstream signaling pathways. Because phagocytes are exposed to a variety of ligands on heterogeneous target particles in vivo, it is important to observe the engagement of multiple receptors simultaneously and the triggered involvement of downstream signaling pathways. Potential crosstalk between the two well-characterized opsonic receptors, FcγR and CR3, was briefly explored in the early 1970s, where macrophages were challenged with dual-opsonized targets. However, subsequent studies on receptor crosstalk were primarily restricted to using single opsonins on different targets, typically at saturating opsonin conditions. Beyond validating these initial explorations on receptor crosstalk, we identify the early signaling mechanisms that underlie the binding and phagocytosis during the simultaneous activation of both opsonic receptors, through the presence of a dual-opsonized target (immunoglobulin G [IgG] and C3bi), compared with single receptor activation. For this purpose, we used signaling protein inhibitor studies as well as live cell brightfield and fluorescent imaging to fully understand the role of tyrosine kinases, F-actin dynamics and internalization kinetics for FcγR and CR3. Importantly, opsonic receptors were studied together and in isolation, in the context of sparsely opsonized targets. We observed enhanced particle binding and a synergistic effect on particle internalization during the simultaneous activation of FcγR and CR3 engaged with sparsely opsonized targets. Inhibition of early signaling and cytoskeletal molecules revealed a differential involvement of Src kinase for FcγR- vs CR3- and dual receptor-mediated phagocytosis. Src activity recruits Syk kinase and we observed intermediate levels of Syk phosphorylation in dual-opsonized particles compared with those opsonized with IgG or C3bi alone. These results likely explain the intermediate levels of F-actin that is recruited to sites of dual-opsonized particle uptake and the notoriously delayed internalization of C3bi-opsonized targets by macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urja Naik
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Quynh Phuong Hai Nguyen
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rene E Harrison
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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21
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Bar E, Barak B. Microglia roles in synaptic plasticity and myelination in homeostatic conditions and neurodevelopmental disorders. Glia 2019; 67:2125-2141. [DOI: 10.1002/glia.23637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ela Bar
- The School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, and The Sagol School of NeuroscienceTel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel
- The School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry & Biophysics, Faculty of Life SciencesTel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Boaz Barak
- The School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, and The Sagol School of NeuroscienceTel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel
- The Sagol School of NeuroscienceTel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel
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22
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Nagre N, Cong X, Pearson AC, Zhao X. Alveolar Macrophage Phagocytosis and Bacteria Clearance in Mice. J Vis Exp 2019. [PMID: 30882784 DOI: 10.3791/59088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alveolar macrophages (AMs) guard the alveolar space of the lung. Phagocytosis by AMs plays a critical role in the defense against invading pathogens, the removal of dead cells or foreign particles, and in the resolution of inflammatory responses and tissue remodeling, processes that are mediated by various surface receptors of the AMs. Here, we report methods for the analysis of the phagocytic function of AMs using in vitro and in vivo assays and experimental strategies to differentiate between the pattern recognition receptor-, complement receptor-, and Fc gamma receptor-mediated phagocytosis. Finally, we discuss a method to establish and characterize a P. aeruginosa pneumonia model in mice to assess bacterial clearance in vivo. These assays represent the most common methods to evaluate AM functions and can also be used to study macrophage function and bacterial clearance in other organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagaraja Nagre
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School;
| | - Xiaofei Cong
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School
| | - Andrew C Pearson
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School
| | - Xiaoli Zhao
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School;
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23
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Trovato MC, Andronico D, Sciacchitano S, Ruggeri RM, Picerno I, Di Pietro A, Visalli G. Nanostructures: between natural environment and medical practice. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2018; 33:295-307. [PMID: 30205650 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2017-0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) are small structures under 100 nm in dimension. Interrelationships among the morphological parameters and toxicity of NPs have been the focus of several investigations that assessed potential health risk in environmentally-exposed subjects and the realistic uses of NPs in medical practice. In the current review, we provide a summary of the cellular mechanisms of membrane-mediated transport, including old and novel molecules that transport nanostructures across cellular membranes. The effects of geochemical exposure to natural NPs are evaluated through epidemiological data and cancerous pathways activated by Fe2+ NPs. Specifically, we discuss screening for papillary thyroid carcinomas in the inhabitants of the Sicilian volcanic area surrounding Mount Etna to compare the incidence of thyroid carcinoma in this population. Lastly, considering the increased production of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), we examine the toxicity and potential use of these engineered NPs in drug delivery of an extensive amount of therapeutic and imaging molecules (theranosis) that can be conjugated to CNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Concetta Trovato
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Policlinico Universitario, Consolare Valeria 1, Messina, Italy
| | - Daniele Andronico
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Osservatorio Etneo, Sezione di Catania, Piazza Roma 2, Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Sciacchitano
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Policlinico Umberto I, Viale Regina Elena n. 324, Rome, Italy
- Laboratorio di Ricerca Biomedica, Fondazione Università Niccolò Cusano per la Ricerca Medico Scientifica, Via Don Carlo Gnocchi 3, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosaria Maddalena Ruggeri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Policlinico Universitario, Consolare Valeria 1, Messina, Italy
| | - Isa Picerno
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Policlinico Universitario, Consolare Valeria 1, Messina, Italy
| | - Angela Di Pietro
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Policlinico Universitario, Consolare Valeria 1, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Visalli
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Policlinico Universitario, Consolare Valeria 1, Messina, Italy
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24
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Lu CH, Lin CH, Li KJ, Shen CY, Wu CH, Kuo YM, Lin TS, Yu CL, Hsieh SC. Intermediate Molecular Mass Hyaluronan and CD44 Receptor Interactions Enhance Neutrophil Phagocytosis and IL-8 Production via p38- and ERK1/2-MAPK Signalling Pathways. Inflammation 2018; 40:1782-1793. [PMID: 28730511 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-017-0622-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
CD44 is a common leukocyte adhesion molecule expressed on the surface of various cells. Hyaluronan (HA), the natural ligand of CD44, is a simple repeated disaccharide with variable molecular mass that is widely distributed on cell surfaces and the connective tissue matrix. The binding of small molecular mass HA (SMM-HA, MW < 80 kDa) to CD44 on immune-related cells elicits cell proliferation, differentiation, and cytokine production. However, the effects and molecular basis of intermediate molecular mass HA (IMM-HA, MW ≈ 500 kDa)-CD44 interactions on polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) functions have not been elucidated. We hypothesised that IMM-HA would potentiate immune functions as well as SMM-HA. In the present study, we demonstrated IMM-HA and CD44 interactions enhanced normal PMN phagocytosis and IL-8 production compared to those with LPS or anti-CD45 treatment via F-actin cytoskeleton polymerization and subsequent ERK1/2- and p38-MAPK phosphorylation. Antibody-based inhibition of CD44 did not affect PMN function; however, F-actin aggregation was induced without MAPK phosphorylation. Enhanced PMN function via IMM-HA was determined to be CD44-dependent since this effect was abolished in DMSO-induced CD44(-) PMN-like cells obtained from HL-60 cells. In conclusion, we demonstrated that IMM-HA and CD44 interactions on PMNs potently elicit F-actin cytoskeleton polymerization and p38- and ERK1/2-MAPK phosphorylation to enhance PMN function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hsun Lu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, No. 7 Chung-San South Road, Taipei, 10002, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital-Yunlin Branch, No. 95 Xuefu Rd, Huwei Township, Yunlin County, 632, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Huei Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, No. 7, Chung-San South Road, Taipei, 10002, Taiwan
| | - Ko-Jen Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, No. 7, Chung-San South Road, Taipei, 10002, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Yu Shen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, No. 7 Chung-San South Road, Taipei, 10002, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, No. 7, Chung-San South Road, Taipei, 10002, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Han Wu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, No. 7 Chung-San South Road, Taipei, 10002, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, No. 7, Chung-San South Road, Taipei, 10002, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Min Kuo
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, No. 7 Chung-San South Road, Taipei, 10002, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, No. 7, Chung-San South Road, Taipei, 10002, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Syuan Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital-Yunlin Branch, No. 95 Xuefu Rd, Huwei Township, Yunlin County, 632, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Li Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, No. 7, Chung-San South Road, Taipei, 10002, Taiwan.,Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, No. 7 Chung-San South Road, Taipei, 10002, Taiwan
| | - Song-Chou Hsieh
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, No. 7, Chung-San South Road, Taipei, 10002, Taiwan.
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25
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Xin C, Quan H, Kim JM, Hur YH, Shin JY, Bae HB, Choi JI. Ginsenoside Rb1 increases macrophage phagocytosis through p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase/Akt pathway. J Ginseng Res 2018; 43:394-401. [PMID: 31308811 PMCID: PMC6606816 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ginsenoside Rb1, a triterpene saponin, is derived from the Panax ginseng root and has potent antiinflammatory activity. In this study, we determined if Rb1 can increase macrophage phagocytosis and elucidated the underlying mechanisms. Methods To measure macrophage phagocytosis, mouse peritoneal macrophages or RAW 264.7 cells were cultured with fluorescein isothiocyanate–conjugated Escherichia coli, and the phagocytic index was determined by flow cytometry. Western blot analyses were performed. Results Ginsenoside Rb1 increased macrophage phagocytosis and phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), but inhibition of p38 MAPK activity with SB203580 decreased the phagocytic ability of macrophages. Rb1 also increased Akt phosphorylation, which was suppressed by LY294002, a phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitor. Rb1-induced Akt phosphorylation was inhibited by SB203580, (5Z)-7-oxozeaenol, and small-interfering RNA (siRNA)–mediated knockdown of p38α MAPK in macrophages. However, Rb1-induced p38 MAPK phosphorylation was not blocked by LY294002 or siRNA-mediated knockdown of Akt. The inhibition of Akt activation with siRNA or LY294002 also inhibited the Rb1-induced increase in phagocytosis. Rb1 increased macrophage phagocytosis of IgG-opsonized beads but not unopsonized beads. The phosphorylation of p21 activated kinase 1/2 and actin polymerization induced by IgG-opsonized beads and Rb1 were inhibited by SB203580 and LY294002. Intraperitoneal injection of Rb1 increased phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and Akt and the phagocytosis of bacteria in bronchoalveolar cells. Conclusion These results suggest that ginsenoside Rb1 enhances the phagocytic capacity of macrophages for bacteria via activation of the p38/Akt pathway. Rb1 may be a useful pharmacological adjuvant for the treatment of bacterial infections in clinically relevant conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Xin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hui Quan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Joung-Min Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hoe Hur
- Division of Hepatico-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Yun Shin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Beom Bae
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Il Choi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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26
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Nagre N, Cong X, Terrazas C, Pepper I, Schreiber JM, Fu H, Sill JM, Christman JW, Satoskar AR, Zhao X. Inhibition of Macrophage Complement Receptor CRIg by TRIM72 Polarizes Innate Immunity of the Lung. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2018; 58:756-766. [PMID: 29268030 PMCID: PMC6002657 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2017-0236oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The complement system plays a critical role in immune responses against pathogens. However, its identity and regulation in the lung are not fully understood. This study aimed to explore the role of tripartite motif protein (TRIM) 72 in regulating complement receptor (CR) of the Ig superfamily (CRIg) in alveolar macrophage (AM) and innate immunity of the lung. Imaging, absorbance quantification, and flow cytometry were used to evaluate in vitro and in vivo AM phagocytosis with normal, or altered, TRIM72 expression. Pulldown, coimmunoprecipitation, and gradient binding assays were applied to examine TRIM72 and CRIg interaction. A pneumonia model was established by intratracheal injection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Mortality, lung bacterial burden, and cytokine levels in BAL fluid and lung tissues were examined. Our data show that TRIM72 inhibited CR-mediated phagocytosis, and release of TRIM72 inhibition led to increased AM phagocytosis. Biochemical assays identified CRIg as a binding partner of TRIM72, and TRIM72 inhibited formation of the CRIg-phagosome. Genetic ablation of TRIM72 led to improved pathogen clearance, reduced cytokine storm, and improved survival in murine models of severe pneumonia, specificity of which was confirmed by adoptive transfer of wild-type or TRIM72KO AMs to AM-depleted TRIM72KO mice. TRIM72 overexpression promoted bacteria-induced NF-κB activation in murine alveolar macrophage cells. Our data revealed a quiescent, noninflammatory bacterial clearance mechanism in the lung via AM CRIg, which is suppressed by TRIM72. In vivo data suggest that targeted suppression of TRIM72 in AM may be an effective measure to treat fatal pulmonary bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagaraja Nagre
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia
| | - Xiaofei Cong
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia
| | - César Terrazas
- Departments of Pathology and Microbiology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Ian Pepper
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia
| | - John M. Schreiber
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia
| | - Hongyun Fu
- Division of Community Health and Research, Pediatrics Department, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia
| | - Joshua M. Sill
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Internal Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia; and
| | - John W. Christman
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Abhay R. Satoskar
- Departments of Pathology and Microbiology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Xiaoli Zhao
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia
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27
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Yang L, Gu W, Cheung KH, Yan L, Tong BCK, Jiang Y, Yang J. InsP 3R-SEC5 interaction on phagosomes modulates innate immunity to Candida albicans by promoting cytosolic Ca 2+ elevation and TBK1 activity. BMC Biol 2018; 16:46. [PMID: 29703257 PMCID: PMC5921305 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-018-0507-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Candida albicans (C. albicans) invasion triggers antifungal innate immunity, and the elevation of cytoplasmic Ca2+ levels via the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (InsP3R) plays a critical role in this process. However, the molecular pathways linking the InsP3R-mediated increase in Ca2+ and immune responses remain elusive. RESULTS In the present study, we find that during C. albicans phagocytosis in macrophages, exocyst complex component 2 (SEC5) promotes InsP3R channel activity by binding to its C-terminal α-helix (H1), increasing cytosolic Ca2+ concentrations ([Ca2+]c). Immunofluorescence reveals enriched InsP3R-SEC5 complex formation on phagosomes, while disruption of the InsP3R-SEC5 interaction by recombinant H1 peptides attenuates the InsP3R-mediated Ca2+ elevation, leading to impaired phagocytosis. Furthermore, we show that C. albicans infection promotes the recruitment of Tank-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) by the InsP3R-SEC5 interacting complex, leading to the activation of TBK1. Subsequently, activated TBK1 phosphorylates interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF-3) and mediates type I interferon responses, suggesting that the InsP3R-SEC5 interaction may regulate antifungal innate immune responses not only by elevating cytoplasmic Ca2+ but also by activating the TBK1-IRF-3 pathway. CONCLUSIONS Our data have revealed an important role of the InsP3R-SEC5 interaction in innate immune responses against C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai, 200433, China.,Jinan Military General Hospital, 25 Shifan Road, Jinan, 250031, China
| | - Wenwen Gu
- NHFPC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, 2140 Xie Tu Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - King-Ho Cheung
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lan Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | | | - Yuanying Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai, 200433, China. .,School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Jun Yang
- NHFPC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, 2140 Xie Tu Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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28
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Coelho NM, McCulloch CA. Mechanical signaling through the discoidin domain receptor 1 plays a central role in tissue fibrosis. Cell Adh Migr 2018; 12:348-362. [PMID: 29513135 PMCID: PMC6363045 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2018.1448353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The preservation of tissue and organ architecture and function depends on tightly regulated interactions of cells with the extracellular matrix (ECM). These interactions are maintained in a dynamic equilibrium that balances intracellular, myosin-generated tension with extracellular resistance conferred by the mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix. Disturbances of this equilibrium can lead to the development of fibrotic lesions that are associated with a wide repertoire of high prevalence diseases including obstructive cardiovascular diseases, muscular dystrophy and cancer. Mechanotransduction is the process by which mechanical cues are converted into biochemical signals. At the core of mechanotransduction are sensory systems, which are frequently located at sites of cell-ECM and cell-cell contacts. As integrins (cell-ECM junctions) and cadherins (cell-cell contacts) have been extensively studied, we focus here on the properties of the discoidin domain receptor 1 (DDR1), a tyrosine kinase that mediates cell adhesion to collagen. DDR1 expression is positively associated with fibrotic lesions of heart, kidney, liver, lung and perivascular tissues. As the most common end-point of all fibrotic disorders is dysregulated collagen remodeling, we consider here the mechanical signaling functions of DDR1 in processing of fibrillar collagen that lead to tissue fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno M. Coelho
- Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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29
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Novel targets in Alzheimer's disease: A special focus on microglia. Pharmacol Res 2018; 130:402-413. [PMID: 29391235 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Several years after the intriguing novelty in the β-amyloid (Aβ) cascade hypothesis, where the Aβ oligomers emerged as the most detrimental species in the neuropathogenic process of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in place of fibrillar plaques, more recently innate immune system have come on stage as the other prominent factor. Neuroinflammation apparently contributes to AD eziopathogenesis, in large part through overactivation of microglia cells. Genetic and experimental studies strongly support the contribution of the immune system to increasing the risk of AD and participating in its progression. Besides the central immune response mediated by resident microglial cells, peripheral immune challenges may have profound negative effects on brain physiology as well, such as those originating from the gut microbiota. Despite the initial immune response to defend the organism, perpetuation seemingly turns into a chronic detrimental phenomenon that contributes to neuronal dysfunction and exacerbation of the disease. Several new immune-druggable targets are now under investigation, but much still remains to be defined about their precise role and whether and how their physiological activity changes in the injurious context of AD. From a therapeutic perspective, we can undoubtedly consider that AD is no longer solely an Aβ pathology, but rather a multifaceted disorder calling for multi-target therapies. New therapies fighting AD must still counteract Aβ but must also restore appropriate immune defences by tempering maladaptive factors and enabling beneficial responses.
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30
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Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton-a collection of actin filaments with their accessory and regulatory proteins-is the primary force-generating machinery in the cell. It can produce pushing (protrusive) forces through coordinated polymerization of multiple actin filaments or pulling (contractile) forces through sliding actin filaments along bipolar filaments of myosin II. Both force types are particularly important for whole-cell migration, but they also define and change the cell shape and mechanical properties of the cell surface, drive the intracellular motility and morphogenesis of membrane organelles, and allow cells to form adhesions with each other and with the extracellular matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana Svitkina
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, 221 Leidy Labs, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
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31
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Jubrail J, Kurian N, Niedergang F. Macrophage phagocytosis cracking the defect code in COPD. Biomed J 2017; 40:305-312. [PMID: 29433833 PMCID: PMC6138611 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In the normal non-diseased lung, various macrophage populations maintain homeostasis and sterility by ingesting and clearing inhaled particulates, pathogens and apoptotic cells from the local environment. This process of phagocytosis leads to the degradation of the internalized material, coordinated induction of gene expression, antigen presentation and cytokine production, implicating phagocytosis as a central regulator of innate immunity. Phagocytosis is extremely efficient and any perturbation of this function is deleterious. In inflammatory lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), despite their increased numbers, macrophages demonstrate significantly reduced phagocytic capacity of bacteria and apoptotic cells. This defect could play a role in dysbiosis of the lung microbiome contributing to disease pathophysiology. In this review, we will discuss lung macrophages, describe phagocytosis and its related downstream processes and the reported phagocytosis defects in COPD. Finally, we will briefly examine current strategies that focus on restoring the phagocytic capabilities of lung macrophages that may have utility in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamil Jubrail
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France; CNRS, UMR 8104, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Nisha Kurian
- AstraZeneca, Precision Medicine & Genomics, RIA Companion Diagnostics Unit, Sweden
| | - Florence Niedergang
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France; CNRS, UMR 8104, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
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32
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Lam JGT, Vadia S, Pathak-Sharma S, McLaughlin E, Zhang X, Swanson J, Seveau S. Host cell perforation by listeriolysin O (LLO) activates a Ca 2+-dependent cPKC/Rac1/Arp2/3 signaling pathway that promotes Listeria monocytogenes internalization independently of membrane resealing. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 29:270-284. [PMID: 29187576 PMCID: PMC5996962 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e17-09-0561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Host cell invasion is an indispensable step for a successful infection by intracellular pathogens. Recent studies identified pathogen-induced host cell plasma membrane perforation as a novel mechanism used by diverse pathogens (Trypanosoma cruzi, Listeria monocytogenes, and adenovirus) to promote their internalization into target cells. It was concluded that T. cruzi and adenovirus damage the host cell plasma membrane to hijack the endocytic-dependent membrane resealing machinery, thereby invading the host cell. We studied L. monocytogenes and its secreted pore-forming toxin listeriolysin O (LLO) to identify key signaling events activated upon plasma membrane perforation that lead to bacterial internalization. Using various approaches, including fluorescence resonance energy transfer imaging, we found that the influx of extracellular Ca2+ subsequent to LLO-mediated plasma membrane perforation is required for the activation of a conventional protein kinase C (cPKC). cPKC is positioned upstream of Rac1 and the Arp2/3 complex, which activation leads to F-actin--dependent bacterial internalization. Inhibition of this pathway did not prevent membrane resealing, revealing that perforation-dependent L. monocytogenes endocytosis is distinct from the resealing machinery. These studies identified the LLO-dependent endocytic pathway of L. monocytogenes and support a novel model for pathogen uptake promoted by plasma membrane injury that is independent of membrane resealing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan G T Lam
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210.,Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Stephen Vadia
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Sarika Pathak-Sharma
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Eric McLaughlin
- Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Joel Swanson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5624
| | - Stephanie Seveau
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210 .,Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
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33
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Human Peritoneal Mesothelial Cells Display Phagocytic and Antigen-Presenting Functions to Contribute to Intraperitoneal Immunity. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2017; 26:833-8. [PMID: 27120688 DOI: 10.1097/igc.0000000000000697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesothelial cells lining the peritoneal cavity are strategically positioned to respond to and counter intraperitoneal infections, cancer cells, and other challenges. We have investigated human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs) for phagocytic activity, expression of surface Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) class II and accessory molecules involved in antigen presentation, and the ability to present recall antigens to T cells. Phagocytosis of dextran, latex beads, and Escherichia coli was observed by flow cytometry, and internalization was visualized using confocal and electron microscopy. Flow cytometry and/or cellular enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed constitutive expression of ICAM-1, LFA-3, and B7-1, but not B7-2 or MHC class II. Interferon-gamma induced MHC II and ICAM-1 expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Importantly, HPMCs induced autologous CD3 T-lymphocyte proliferation (H incorporation) after pulse with recall antigen. Human peritoneal mesothelial cells equipped with phagocytic and antigen-presenting machinery are anticipated to have an integral role in intraperitoneal immune surveillance.
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34
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Egami Y, Kawai K, Araki N. RhoC regulates the actin remodeling required for phagosome formation during FcγR-mediated phagocytosis. J Cell Sci 2017; 130:4168-4179. [PMID: 29113998 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.202739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Phagosome formation is a complicated process that requires spatiotemporally regulated actin reorganization. We found that RhoC GTPase is a critical regulator of FcγR-mediated phagocytosis in macrophages. Our live-cell imaging revealed that RhoC, but not RhoA, is recruited to phagocytic cups engulfing IgG-opsonized erythrocytes (IgG-Es). RhoC silencing through RNAi, CRISPR/Cas-mediated RhoC knockout, and the expression of dominant-negative or constitutively active RhoC mutants suppressed the phagocytosis of IgG-Es. Moreover, RhoC-GTP pulldown experiments showed that endogenous RhoC is transiently activated during phagosome formation. Notably, actin-driven pseudopod extension, which is required for the formation of phagocytic cups, was severely impaired in cells expressing the constitutively active mutant RhoC-G14V, which induced abnormal F-actin accumulation underneath the plasma membrane. mDia1 (encoded by DIAPH1), a Rho-dependent actin nucleation factor, and RhoC were colocalized at the phagocytic cups. Similar to what was seen for RhoC, mDia1 silencing through RNAi inhibited phagosome formation. Additionally, the coexpression of mDia1 with constitutively active mutant RhoC-G14V or expression of active mutant mDia1-ΔN3 drastically inhibited the uptake of IgG-Es. These data suggest that RhoC modulates phagosome formation be modifying actin cytoskeletal remodeling via mDia1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youhei Egami
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Katsuhisa Kawai
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Nobukazu Araki
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
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35
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Abstract
During an innate immune response, myeloid cells undergo complex morphological adaptations in response to inflammatory cues, which allow them to exit the vasculature, enter the tissues, and destroy invading pathogens. The actin and microtubule cytoskeletons are central to many of the most essential cellular functions including cell division, cell morphology, migration, intracellular trafficking, and signaling. Cytoskeletal structure and regulation are crucial for many myeloid cell functions, which require rapid and dynamic responses to extracellular signals. In this chapter, we review the roles of the actin and microtubule cytoskeletons in myeloid cells, focusing primarily on their roles in chemotaxis and phagocytosis. The role of myeloid cell cytoskeletal defects in hematological disorders is highlighted throughout.
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36
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Singaravelu P, Lee WL, Wee S, Ghoshdastider U, Ding K, Gunaratne J, Grimes JM, Swaminathan K, Robinson RC. Yersinia effector protein (YopO)-mediated phosphorylation of host gelsolin causes calcium-independent activation leading to disruption of actin dynamics. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:8092-8100. [PMID: 28280241 PMCID: PMC5427284 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.757971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic Yersinia bacteria cause a range of human diseases. To modulate and evade host immune systems, these yersiniae inject effector proteins into host macrophages. One such protein, the serine/threonine kinase YopO (YpkA in Yersinia pestis), uses monomeric actin as bait to recruit and phosphorylate host actin polymerization-regulating proteins, including the actin-severing protein gelsolin, to disrupt actin filaments and thus impair phagocytosis. However, the YopO phosphorylation sites on gelsolin and the consequences of YopO-mediated phosphorylation on actin remodeling have yet to be established. Here we determined the effects of YopO-mediated phosphorylation on gelsolin and identified its phosphorylation sites by mass spectrometry. YopO phosphorylated gelsolin in the linker region between gelsolin homology domains G3 and G4, which, in the absence of calcium, are compacted but adopt an open conformation in the presence of calcium, enabling actin binding and severing. Using phosphomimetic and phosphodeletion gelsolin mutants, we found that YopO-mediated phosphorylation partially mimics calcium-dependent activation of gelsolin, potentially contributing to a reduction in filamentous actin and altered actin dynamics in phagocytic cells. In summary, this work represents the first report of the functional outcome of serine/threonine phosphorylation in gelsolin regulation and provides critical insight into how YopO disrupts normal gelsolin function to alter host actin dynamics and thus cripple phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavithra Singaravelu
- From the Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore 138673.,Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543
| | - Wei Lin Lee
- From the Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore 138673,
| | - Sheena Wee
- From the Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore 138673
| | - Umesh Ghoshdastider
- From the Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore 138673
| | - Ke Ding
- From the Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore 138673
| | - Jayantha Gunaratne
- From the Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore 138673
| | - Jonathan M Grimes
- From the Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore 138673.,Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom.,Diamond Light Source Ltd., Diamond House, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom, and
| | | | - Robert C Robinson
- From the Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore 138673
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37
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Wallace VJ, Cimbro R, Rubio FJ, Fortuno LV, Necarsulmer JC, Koivula PP, Henderson MJ, DeBiase LM, Warren BL, Harvey BK, Hope BT. Neurons Internalize Functionalized Micron-Sized Silicon Dioxide Microspheres. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2017; 37:1487-1499. [PMID: 28260198 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-017-0479-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Microparticles have potential as neuron-specific delivery platforms and devices with many applications in neuroscience, pharmacology, and biomedicine. To date, most literature suggests that neurons are not phagocytic cells capable of internalizing microparticles larger than 0.5 μm. We report that neurons transport fluorescently labeled silica microspheres with diameters of 1-2 μm into neurons in vitro and in rat brain without having overt effects on cell viability. Using flow cytometry, fluorescence-activated cell sorting, and confocal and electron microscopy, we first found that SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells internalized 1-μm silicon microspheres with surface charges of -70 mV (hydroxyl and carboxyl), -30 mV (amino), and +40 mV (ammonio). Uptake was rapid, within 2-4 h, and did not affect cell viability 48 h later. Flow cytometry assays indicate that SH-SY5Y cells internalize 1- and 1.5-μm microspheres at the same rate over a 24-h incubation period. Electron microscopy confirms that SH-SY5Y cells internalize 1-, 1.5-, and 2-μm microspheres. Confocal microscopy demonstrated that primary cortical neurons also internalized 1-, 1.5-, and 2-μm amino microspheres within 4 h. Finally, we injected 1-μm amino microspheres into rat striatum and found microspheres inside neurons. Overall, neurons can internalize microspheres up to 2 μm in diameter with a range of surface chemical groups and charges. These findings allow a host of neuroscience and neuroengineering applications including intracellular microdevices within neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica J Wallace
- Neuronal Ensembles in Addiction Section, Behavioral Neuroscience Research Branch, IRP/NIDA/NIH, 251 Bayview Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Raffaello Cimbro
- Division of Rheumatology, Bayview Flow Cytometry Core, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - F Javier Rubio
- Neuronal Ensembles in Addiction Section, Behavioral Neuroscience Research Branch, IRP/NIDA/NIH, 251 Bayview Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Lowella V Fortuno
- Optogenetics and Transgenic Technology Core, IRP/NIDA/NIH, 251 Bayview Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Julie C Necarsulmer
- Optogenetics and Transgenic Technology Core, IRP/NIDA/NIH, 251 Bayview Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Pyry P Koivula
- Optogenetics and Transgenic Technology Core, IRP/NIDA/NIH, 251 Bayview Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Mark J Henderson
- Optogenetics and Transgenic Technology Core, IRP/NIDA/NIH, 251 Bayview Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Lindsay M DeBiase
- Synaptic Plasticity Section, Cellular Neurobiology Research Branch, IRP/NIDA/NIH/DHHS, 251 Bayview Blvd, Suite 200, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Brandon L Warren
- Neuronal Ensembles in Addiction Section, Behavioral Neuroscience Research Branch, IRP/NIDA/NIH, 251 Bayview Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Brandon K Harvey
- Optogenetics and Transgenic Technology Core, IRP/NIDA/NIH, 251 Bayview Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Bruce T Hope
- Neuronal Ensembles in Addiction Section, Behavioral Neuroscience Research Branch, IRP/NIDA/NIH, 251 Bayview Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
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Abstract
Macrophages are present in mammals from midgestation, contributing to physiologic homeostasis throughout life. Macrophages arise from yolk sac and foetal liver progenitors during embryonic development in the mouse and persist in different organs as heterogeneous, self-renewing tissue-resident populations. Bone marrow-derived blood monocytes are recruited after birth to replenish tissue-resident populations and to meet further demands during inflammation, infection and metabolic perturbations. Macrophages of mixed origin and different locations vary in replication and turnover, but are all active in mRNA and protein synthesis, fulfilling organ-specific and systemic trophic functions, in addition to host defence. In this review, we emphasise selected properties and non-immune functions of tissue macrophages which contribute to physiologic homeostasis.
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Psychosocial stress on neuroinflammation and cognitive dysfunctions in Alzheimer's disease: the emerging role for microglia? Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 77:148-164. [PMID: 28185874 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Chronic psychosocial stress is increasingly recognized as a risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) and associated cognitive deficits. Chronic stress also primes microglia and induces inflammatory responses in the adult brain, thereby compromising synapse-supportive roles of microglia and deteriorating cognitive functions during aging. Substantial evidence demonstrates that failure of microglia to clear abnormally accumulating amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide contributes to neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in AD. Moreover, genome-wide association studies have linked variants in several immune genes, such as TREM2 and CD33, the expression of which in the brain is restricted to microglia, with cognitive dysfunctions in LOAD. Thus, inflammation-promoting chronic stress may create a vicious cycle of aggravated microglial dysfunction accompanied by increased Aβ accumulation, collectively exacerbating neurodegeneration. Surprisingly, however, little is known about whether and how chronic stress contributes to microglia-mediated neuroinflammation that may underlie cognitive impairments in AD. This review aims to summarize the currently available clinical and preclinical data and outline potential molecular mechanisms linking stress, microglia and neurodegeneration, to foster future research in this field.
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Zwozdesky MA, Fei C, Lillico DME, Stafford JL. Imaging flow cytometry and GST pulldown assays provide new insights into channel catfish leukocyte immune-type receptor-mediated phagocytic pathways. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 67:126-138. [PMID: 27984101 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2016.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) leukocyte immune-type receptors (IpLITRs) control various innate immune cell effector responses including the phagocytic process. This large immunoregulatory receptor family also consists of multiple receptor-types with variable signaling abilities that is dependent on their inherent or acquired tyrosine-containing cytoplasmic tail (CYT) regions. For example, IpLITR 2.6b associates with the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM)-containing adaptor molecule IpFcRγ-L, and when expressed in mammalian cells it activates phagocytosis using a similar profile of intracellular signaling mediators that also regulate the prototypical mammalian Fc receptor (FcR) phagocytic pathway. Alternatively, IpLITR 1.1b contains a long tyrosine-containing CYT with multifunctional capabilities including both inhibitory and stimulatory actions. Recently, we demonstrated that IpLITR 1.1b activates a unique phagocytic pathway involving the generation of multiple plasma membrane extensions that rapidly capture extracellular targets and secure them on the cell surface in phagocytic cup-like structures. Occasionally, these captured targets are completely engulfed albeit at a significantly lower rate than what was observed for IpLITR 2.6b. While this novel IpLITR 1.1b phagocytic activity is insensitive to classical blockers of phagocytosis, its distinct target capture and engulfment actions depend on the engagement of the actin polymerization machinery. However, it is not known how this protein translates target recognition into intracellular signaling events during this atypical mode of phagocytosis. Using imaging flow cytometry and GST pulldown assays, the aims of this study were to specifically examine what regions of the IpLITR 1.1b CYT trigger phagocytosis and to establish what profile of intracellular signaling molecules likely participate in its actions. Our results show that in stably transfected AD293 cells, the membrane proximal and distal CYT segments of IpLITR 1.1b independently regulate its phagocytic activities. These CYT regions were also shown to differentially recruit various SH2 domain-containing intracellular mediators, which provides new information about the dynamic immunoregulatory abilities of IpLITR 1.1b. Overall, this work further advances our understanding of how certain immunoregulatory receptor-types link extracellular target binding events to the actin polymerization machinery during a non-classical mode of phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myron A Zwozdesky
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Chenjie Fei
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Dustin M E Lillico
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - James L Stafford
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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Coelho NM, Arora PD, van Putten S, Boo S, Petrovic P, Lin AX, Hinz B, McCulloch CA. Discoidin Domain Receptor 1 Mediates Myosin-Dependent Collagen Contraction. Cell Rep 2017; 18:1774-1790. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.01.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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Abstract
Phagocytosis is the cellular internalization and sequestration of particulate matter into a `phagosome, which then matures into a phagolysosome. The phagolysosome then offers a specialized acidic and hydrolytic milieu that ultimately degrades the engulfed particle. In multicellular organisms, phagocytosis and phagosome maturation play two key physiological roles. First, phagocytic cells have an important function in tissue remodeling and homeostasis by eliminating apoptotic bodies, senescent cells and cell fragments. Second, phagocytosis is a critical weapon of the immune system, whereby cells like macrophages and neutrophils hunt and engulf a variety of pathogens and foreign particles. Not surprisingly, pathogens have evolved mechanisms to either block or alter phagocytosis and phagosome maturation, ultimately usurping the cellular machinery for their own survival. Here, we review past and recent discoveries that highlight how phagocytes recognize target particles, key signals that emanate after phagocyte-particle engagement, and how these signals help modulate actin-dependent remodeling of the plasma membrane that culminates in the release of the phagosome. We then explore processes related to early and late stages of phagosome maturation, which requires fusion with endosomes and lysosomes. We end this review by acknowledging that little is known about phagosome fission and even less is known about how phagosomes are resolved after particle digestion.
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Shai AN, Fedulova MV, Kvacheva YE, Shigeev SV, Kovalev AV. [The importance of marker proteins of the nervous tissue for morphological diagnostics of the craniocerebral injury]. Sud Med Ekspert 2017; 60:40-45. [PMID: 28766528 DOI: 10.17116/sudmed201760440-45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The present review of the literature involves 50 publications concerning various substrates of importance as the biological markers of axonal damages with special reference to the secondary molecular and cellular mechanisms on which to base in vitro and in vivo modeling of the craniocerebral injury. The results of the investigations with the application of mass-spectrometry for the identification of the proteins specifically synthesized in response to the injury are presented; their biological functions are described. The use of the sequential microscopic imaging technique and the immunohistochemical methods made it possible to determine that the majority of the marker proteins are involved in the specific intracellular processes that are triggered in response to the traumatic impact including apoptosis, proliferation, formation of lamellipodia, axon regeneration, actin remodeling, cell migration and inflammation. In addition, a rise in the amount of intracellular actin-associated proteins has been observed. It is concluded that the investigations into the properties and the physiological role of beta-amyloid precursor protein (beta-APP) are of special value for the characteristic of nervous tissue damages and morphological diagnostics of the craniocerebral injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Shai
- Russian Federal Centre of Forensic Medical Expertise, Ministry of Health of the Russia, Moscow, Russia, 125284
| | - M V Fedulova
- Russian Federal Centre of Forensic Medical Expertise, Ministry of Health of the Russia, Moscow, Russia, 125284
| | - Yu E Kvacheva
- Russian Federal Centre of Forensic Medical Expertise, Ministry of Health of the Russia, Moscow, Russia, 125284
| | - S V Shigeev
- Russian Federal Centre of Forensic Medical Expertise, Ministry of Health of the Russia, Moscow, Russia, 125284
| | - A V Kovalev
- Russian Federal Centre of Forensic Medical Expertise, Ministry of Health of the Russia, Moscow, Russia, 125284
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Shigyou K, Nagai KH, Hamada T. Lateral Diffusion of a Submicrometer Particle on a Lipid Bilayer Membrane. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:13771-13777. [PMID: 27779878 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b02448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In past decades, nanoparticles and nanomaterials have been actively used for applications such as visualizing nano/submicrometer cell structure, killing cancer cells, and using drug delivery systems. It is important to understand the physicochemical mechanisms that govern the motion of nanoparticles on a plasma membrane surface. However, the motion of small particles of <1000 nm on lipid membranes is poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the diffusion of particles with a diameter of 200-800 nm on a lipid membrane using cell-sized liposomes. Particle-associated liposomes were obtained by applying centrifugal force to a mixture of liposomes and particle solutions. We measured the thermal motion of the particles by phase-contrast microscopy. We found that (i) the particle-size dependence of the diffusion of particles adhering to membranes was better described by the DADL model rather than the Einstein-Stokes model, (ii) the diffusion coefficient of a particle strongly depends on the adsorption state of the particle, such as fully or partially wrapped by the membrane, and (iii) anomalous diffusion was induced by the localization of particles on the neck of budded vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Shigyou
- Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, School of Materials Science , 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
| | - Ken H Nagai
- Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, School of Materials Science , 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Hamada
- Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, School of Materials Science , 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
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Tang HX, Zhao TW, Zheng T, Sheng YJ, Zheng HS, Zhang YS. Liver-targeting liposome drug delivery system and its research progress in liver diseases. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2016; 24:4238-4246. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v24.i31.4238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Liposome-based targeted therapy is mainly divided into active targeting, passive targeting, and physical and chemical targeting. In terms of liver targeting, because of specificity, active liver-targeting liposomes have received more and more attention, and these types of liposomes can be used in liver fibrosis, hepatitis and other chronic liver diseases. In addition, the particle size could control the passive liver targeting of liposomes, while the liver-targeted liposomes of the physical and chemical targeting type have advantages in treating hepatic carcinoma. In this paper, we focus on the basics and application of liver-targeting liposome drug delivery system in hepatic diseases.
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46
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Li L, Qi X, Sun W, Abdel-Azim H, Lou S, Zhu H, Prasadarao NV, Zhou A, Shimada H, Shudo K, Kim YM, Khazal S, He Q, Warburton D, Wu L. Am80-GCSF synergizes myeloid expansion and differentiation to generate functional neutrophils that reduce neutropenia-associated infection and mortality. EMBO Mol Med 2016; 8:1340-1359. [PMID: 27737899 PMCID: PMC5090663 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201606434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils generated by granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (GCSF) are functionally immature and, consequently, cannot effectively reduce infection and infection‐related mortality in cancer chemotherapy‐induced neutropenia (CCIN). Am80, a retinoic acid (RA) agonist that enhances granulocytic differentiation by selectively activating transcription factor RA receptor alpha (RARα), alternatively promotes RA‐target gene expression. We found that in normal and malignant primary human hematopoietic specimens, Am80‐GCSF combination coordinated proliferation with differentiation to develop complement receptor‐3 (CR3)‐dependent neutrophil innate immunity, through altering transcription of RA‐target genes RARβ2,C/EBPε, CD66,CD11b, and CD18. This led to generation of functional neutrophils capable of fighting infection, whereas neutralizing neutrophil innate immunity with anti‐CD18 antibody abolished neutrophil bactericidal activities induced by Am80‐GCSF. Further, Am80‐GCSF synergy was evaluated using six different dose‐schedule‐infection mouse CCIN models. The data demonstrated that during “emergency” granulopoiesis in CCIN mice undergoing transient systemic intravenous bacterial infection, Am80 effect on differentiating granulocytic precursors synergized with GCSF‐dependent myeloid expansion, resulting in large amounts of functional neutrophils that reduced infection. Importantly, extensive survival tests covering a full cycle of mouse CCIN with perpetual systemic intravenous bacterial infection proved that without causing myeloid overexpansion, Am80‐GCSF generated sufficient numbers of functional neutrophils that significantly reduced infection‐related mortality in CCIN mice. These findings reveal a differential mechanism for generating functional neutrophils to reduce CCIN‐associated infection and mortality, providing a rationale for future therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles Saban Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaotian Qi
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Children's Hospital Los Angeles Saban Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Weili Sun
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Children's Hospital Los Angeles Saban Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hisham Abdel-Azim
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Children's Hospital Los Angeles Saban Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Siyue Lou
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles Saban Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hong Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles Saban Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nemani V Prasadarao
- University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital Los Angeles Saban Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alice Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles Saban Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Shimada
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles Saban Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Koichi Shudo
- Japan Pharmaceutical Information Center, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yong-Mi Kim
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Children's Hospital Los Angeles Saban Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sajad Khazal
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Children's Hospital Los Angeles Saban Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Qiaojun He
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - David Warburton
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Children's Hospital Los Angeles Saban Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lingtao Wu
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles Saban Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA .,University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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47
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Norton RL, Fredericks GJ, Huang Z, Fay JD, Hoffmann FW, Hoffmann PR. Selenoprotein K regulation of palmitoylation and calpain cleavage of ASAP2 is required for efficient FcγR-mediated phagocytosis. J Leukoc Biol 2016; 101:439-448. [PMID: 27601625 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.2a0316-156rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective activation of macrophages through phagocytic Fcγ receptors (FcγR) has been shown to require selenoprotein K (Selk). We set out to determine whether the FcγR-mediated uptake process itself also requires Selk and potential underlying mechanisms. Macrophages from Selk knockout (KO) mice were less efficient compared with wild-type (WT) controls in engulfing IgG-coated fluorescent beads. Using LC-MS/MS to screen for Selk-binding partners involved in FcγR-mediated phagocytosis, we identified Arf-GAP with SH3 domain, ANK repeat, and PH domain-containing protein 2 (ASAP2). Coimmunoprecipitation assays confirmed interactions between Selk and ASAP2. Selk was required for ASAP2 to be cleaved by calpain-2 within the Bin/Amphiphysin/Rvs (BAR) domain of ASAP2. BAR domains promote membrane association, which was consistent with our data showing that Selk deficiency led to retention of ASAP2 within the phagocytic cup. Because Selk was recently identified as a cofactor for the palmitoylation of certain proteins, we investigated whether ASAP2 was palmitoylated and whether this was related to its cleavage by calpain-2. Acyl/biotin exchange assays and MALDI-TOF analysis showed that cysteine-86 in ASAP2 was palmitoylated in WT, but to a much lesser extent in KO, mouse macrophages. Inhibitors of either palmitoylation or calpain-2 cleavage and rescue experiments with different versions of Selk demonstrated that Selk-dependent palmitoylation of ASAP2 leads to cleavage by calpain-2 within the BAR domain, which releases this protein from the maturing phagocytic cup. Overall, these findings identify ASAP2 as a new target of Selk-dependent palmitoylation and reveal a new mechanism regulating the efficiency of FcγR-mediated phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Norton
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA; and
| | - Gregory J Fredericks
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA; and
| | - Zhi Huang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jeffrey D Fay
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA; and
| | - FuKun W Hoffmann
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA; and
| | - Peter R Hoffmann
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA; and
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48
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Jiang S, Jia Z, Xin L, Sun Y, Zhang R, Wang W, Wang L, Song L. The cytochemical and ultrastructural characteristics of phagocytes in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 55:490-498. [PMID: 27338208 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Phagocytes have been proved to play vital roles in the innate immune response. However, the cellular characteristics of phagocytes in invertebrates, especially in molluscs, remain largely unknown. In the present study, fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) was employed to sort the phagocytes from the non-phagocytic haemocytes of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. The cytochemical staining analysis revealed that phagocytes were positive staining for α-naphthyl acetate esterase and myeloperoxidase, while negative staining for toluidine blue and periodic acid-Schiff. The non-phagocytic haemocytes exhibited positive staining for periodic acid-Schiff, weak positive staining for toluidine blue, but negative staining for α-naphthyl acetate esterase and myeloperoxidase. In addition, phagocytes exhibited ultrastructural cellular features similar to those of macrophages, with large cell diameter, rough cell membrane and extended pseudopodia revealed by the scanning electron microscopy, while the non-phagocytic haemocytes exhibited small cell diameter, smooth cell surface and round spherical shape. Transmission electron microscopy further demonstrated that phagocytes were abundant of cytoplasmic bodies and mitochondria, while non-phagocytic haemocytes were characterized as the comparatively large cell nucleus with contorted and condensed heterochromatin adherent to the nuclear envelope. Moreover, compared with non-phagocytic haemocytes, phagocytes exhibited significantly higher levels of intracellular cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor, interferon-like protein and interleukin-17, and significantly higher abundance of lysosome and reactive oxygen species, which were of great importance to the activation of immune response and pathogen clearance. Taken together, these findings revealed the different cytochemical and ultrastructural features between phagocytes and non-phagocytic haemocytes in C. gigas, which would provide an important clue to investigate the mechanism of phagocytosis underlying the innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Zhihao Jia
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lusheng Xin
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ran Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Weilin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Linsheng Song
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.
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49
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Modulation of Stat-1 in Human Macrophages Infected with Different Species of Intracellular Pathogenic Bacteria. J Immunol Res 2016; 2016:5086928. [PMID: 27437406 PMCID: PMC4942631 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5086928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The infection of human macrophages by pathogenic bacteria induces different signaling pathways depending on the type of cellular receptors involved in the microorganism entry and on their mechanism(s) of survival and replication in the host cell. It was reported that Stat proteins play an important role in this process. In the present study, we investigate the changes in Stat-1 activation (phosphorylation in p-tyr701) after uptake of two Gram-positive (Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus) and two Gram-negative bacteria (Salmonella typhimurium and Legionella pneumophila) characterized by their varying abilities to enter, survive, and replicate in human macrophages. Comparing the results obtained with Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, Stat-1 activation in macrophages does not seem to be related to LPS content. The p-tyr701Stat-1 expression levels were found to be independent of the internalized bacterial number and IFN-γ release. On the contrary, Jak/Stat-1 pathway activation only occurs when an active infection has been established in the host macrophage, and it is plausible that the differences in the expression levels of p-tyr701Stat-1 could be due to different survival mechanisms or to differences in bacteria life cycles within macrophages.
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50
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Zhang H, Kang L, Yao H, He Y, Wang X, Xu W, Song Z, Yin Y, Zhang X. Streptococcus pneumoniae Endopeptidase O (PepO) Elicits a Strong Innate Immune Response in Mice via TLR2 and TLR4 Signaling Pathways. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2016; 6:23. [PMID: 26973817 PMCID: PMC4770053 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2016.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interaction between virulence factors of Streptococcus pneumoniae and innate immune receptors elicits host responses through specific signaling pathways during infection. Insights into the signaling events may provide a better knowledge of the starting events for host-pathogen interaction. Here we demonstrated a significant induction of innate immune response elicited by recombinant S. pneumoniae endopeptidase O (rPepO), a newer pneumococcal virulence protein, both in vivo and in vitro. Intratracheal instillation of rPepO protein resulted in significant increase of cytokines production and neutrophils infiltration in mouse lungs. TLR2 or TLR4 deficient mice subjected to rPepO treatment showed decreased cytokines production, reduced neutrophils infiltration and intensified tissue injury as compared with WT mice. Upon stimulation, cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, CXCL1, and CXCL10 were produced by peritoneal exudate macrophages (PEMs) in a TLR2 and TLR4 dependent manner. rPepO-induced cytokines production was markedly decreased in TLR2 or TLR4 deficient PEMs. Further study revealed that cytokines induction relied on the rapid phosphorylation of p38, Akt and p65, not the activation of ERK or JNK. While in TLR2 or TLR4 deficient PEMs the activation of p65 was undetectable. Taken together, these results indicate for the first time that the newer pneumococcal virulence protein PepO activates host innate immune response partially through TLR2 and TLR4 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University Chongqing, China
| | - Lihua Kang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University Chongqing, China
| | - Hua Yao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University Chongqing, China
| | - Yujuan He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaofang Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University Chongqing, China
| | - Wenchun Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University Chongqing, China
| | - Zhixin Song
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University Chongqing, China
| | - Yibing Yin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University Chongqing, China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University Chongqing, China
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