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Sehgal A, Milman T, Li Q, Pulido JS. Histological Findings in the Eyes of Abcc6 Knockout Rat Model of Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2024; 13:29. [PMID: 38656313 PMCID: PMC11044839 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.13.4.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose To describe the ocular findings of murine pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) models with ATP-binding cassette subfamily C member 6 (Abcc6) gene knockout. Methods This experiment was conducted in four Abcc6-/- rats and compared with six wild-type Abcc6+/+ control rats. The animals underwent necropsy at 6 months of age. Histological examination of the eyes was performed. Results Histological examination of eight eyes from four Abcc6-/- rats revealed multiple nodular foci of calcification in the uvea, sclera, and conjunctiva, focally in perivascular distribution, as well as linear and nodular calcification of Bruch's membrane. Calcific foci were not associated with inflammation in the knockout rats. There was no evidence of calcification in control eyes. Discussion The Abcc6-/- rat model shows that PXE can affect multiple ocular tissues beyond the calcification in Bruch's membrane noted in human eyes. Nodular calcific foci probably correspond to comet lesions seen in patients with PXE. The presence of ectopic calcium without inflammation distinguishes it from inflammatory calcium deposition in atherosclerosis. Further studies are needed to determine why PXE does not cause inflammatory infiltration. Translational Relevance The Abcc6-/- murine model may be suitable for studying ocular PXE pathophysiology and ectopic calcification and developing effective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anahita Sehgal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tatyana Milman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wills Eye Hospital, Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Wills Eye Hospital, Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Qiaoli Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- PXE International Center of Excellence in Research and Clinical Care, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jose S. Pulido
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wills Eye Hospital, Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Bower Laboratory for Translational Medicine Vickie and Jack Farber, Vision Research Center at Wills Eye Hospital, Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Li XX, Chen ZD, Sun XJ, Yang YQ, Jin H, Liu NF. Empagliflozin ameliorates vascular calcification in diabetic mice through inhibiting Bhlhe40-dependent NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024; 45:751-764. [PMID: 38172306 PMCID: PMC10943241 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-023-01217-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients exhibit greater susceptibility to vascular calcification (VC), which has a higher risk of death and disability. However, there is no specific drug for VC therapy. NLRP3 inflammasome activation as a hallmark event of medial calcification leads to arterial stiffness, causing vasoconstrictive dysfunction in T2DM. Empagliflozin (EMPA), a sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i), restrains hyperglycemia with definite cardiovascular benefits. Given the anti-inflammatory activity of EMPA, herein we investigated whether EMPA protected against VC in the aorta of T2DM mice by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Since db/db mice receiving a normal diet developed VC at the age of about 20 weeks, we administered EMPA (5, 10, 20 mg·kg-1·d-1, i.g) to 8 week-old db/db mice for 12 weeks. We showed that EMPA intervention dose-dependently ameliorated the calcium deposition, accompanied by reduced expression of RUNX2 and BMP2 proteins in the aortas. We found that EMPA (10 mg·kg-1·d-1 for 6 weeks) also protected against VC in vitamin D3-overloaded mice, suggesting the protective effects independent of metabolism. We showed that EMPA (10 mg·kg-1·d-1) inhibited the abnormal activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in aortic smooth muscle layer of db/db mice. Knockout (KO) of NLRP3 significantly alleviated VC in STZ-induced diabetic mice. The protective effects of EMPA were verified in high glucose (HG)-treated mouse aortic smooth muscle cells (MOVASs). In HG-treated NLRP3 KO MOVASs, EMPA (1 μM) did not cause further improvement. Bioinformatics and Western blot analysis revealed that EMPA significantly increased the expression levels of basic helix-loop-helix family transcription factor e40 (Bhlhe40) in HG-treated MOVASs, which served as a negative transcription factor directly binding to the promotor of Nlrp3. We conclude that EMPA ameliorates VC by inhibiting Bhlhe40-dpendent NLRP3 inflammasome activation. These results might provide potential significance for EMPA in VC therapy of T2DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xue Li
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Zheng-Dong Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xue-Jiao Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yi-Qing Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Hong Jin
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Nai-Feng Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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Wang S, Hu S, Pan Y. The emerging roles of irisin in vascular calcification. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1337995. [PMID: 38405155 PMCID: PMC10884194 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1337995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification is a common accompanying pathological change in many chronic diseases, which is caused by calcium deposition in the blood vessel wall and leads to abnormal blood vessel function. With the progress of medical technology, the diagnosis rate of vascular calcification has explosively increased. However, due to its mechanism's complexity, no effective drug can relieve or even reverse vascular calcification. Irisin is a myogenic cytokine regulating adipose tissue browning, energy metabolism, glucose metabolism, and other physiological processes. Previous studies have shown that irisin could serve as a predictor for vascular calcification, and protect against hypertension, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and other risk factors for vascular calcification. In terms of mechanism, it improves vascular endothelial dysfunction and phenotypic transformation of vascular smooth muscle cells. All the above evidence suggests that irisin plays a predictive and protective role in vascular calcification. In this review, we summarize the association of irisin to the related risk factors for vascular calcification and mainly explore the role of irisin in vascular calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangshuang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First People’s Hospital of Wenling (The Affiliated Wenling Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University), Wenling, Zhejiang, China
| | - Siwang Hu
- The Orthopaedic Center, The First People’s Hospital of Wenling (The Affiliated Wenling Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University), Wenling, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuping Pan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yuhuan Second People’s Hospital, Yuhuan, Zhejiang, China
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4
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Yan J, Pan Y, He J, Pang X, Shao W, Wang C, Wang R, He Y, Zhang M, Ye J, Lin C, Lin F, Wang Y, Li T, Lan Y, Guo Y, Wang M, Sun M, Gong Y, Yuan M, Yin D, Sun X, Dong S. Toxic vascular effects of polystyrene microplastic exposure. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:167215. [PMID: 37734602 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Polystyrene microplastics (PSMPs) are some of the most common microplastic components, and the resulting pollution has become a global problem. Extensive studies have been conducted on the toxic effects of PSMPs on the heart, lungs, liver, kidneys, nerves, intestines and other tissues. However, the impact of PSMPs on vascular toxicity is poorly understood at present. The aim of this study was to reveal the vascular toxicity of microplastics (MPs). Patients were assigned to a calcification group (25 patients) or a non-calcification group (22 patients) based on the presence or absence of calcification in the thoracic aorta wall. We detected 7 polymer types in human feces. Patients with vascular calcification (VC) had higher levels of total MPs, polypropylene (PP) and polystyrene (PS) in feces than patients without VC. The thoracic aortic calcification score was significantly positively correlated with the total MP abundance (Spearman r = 0.8109, p < 0.0001), PP (Spearman r = 0.7211, p = 0.0160) and PS (Spearman r = 0.6523, p = 0.0471) in feces. We then explored the effects of PSMP exposure on normal and vitamin D3 + nicotine (VDN)-treated rats. PSMP exposure induced mild VC in normal rats and aggravated VC in VDN-treated rats. PSMP exposure disturbed the gut microbiota, causing Proteobacteria and Escherichia_Shigella to be the dominant phylum and genus, respectively. It also induced intestinal inflammatory responses in normal rats, aggravated intestinal inflammation in VDN-treated rats, impaired the intestinal mucosal barrier, and increased intestinal permeability. This study provides a theoretical basis for the risk assessment of MP-induced cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlong Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen Cardiovascular Minimally Invasive Medical Engineering Technology Research and Development Center, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yanbin Pan
- Department of Health Management Center, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Junbo He
- Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen Cardiovascular Minimally Invasive Medical Engineering Technology Research and Development Center, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinli Pang
- Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen Cardiovascular Minimally Invasive Medical Engineering Technology Research and Development Center, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenming Shao
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Caiping Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen Cardiovascular Minimally Invasive Medical Engineering Technology Research and Development Center, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Rongning Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen Cardiovascular Minimally Invasive Medical Engineering Technology Research and Development Center, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Yaqiong He
- Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen Cardiovascular Minimally Invasive Medical Engineering Technology Research and Development Center, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen Cardiovascular Minimally Invasive Medical Engineering Technology Research and Development Center, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Juheng Ye
- Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen Cardiovascular Minimally Invasive Medical Engineering Technology Research and Development Center, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Chaolan Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen Cardiovascular Minimally Invasive Medical Engineering Technology Research and Development Center, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Feng Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen Cardiovascular Minimally Invasive Medical Engineering Technology Research and Development Center, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongshun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen Cardiovascular Minimally Invasive Medical Engineering Technology Research and Development Center, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Tangzhiming Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen Cardiovascular Minimally Invasive Medical Engineering Technology Research and Development Center, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Lan
- Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen Cardiovascular Minimally Invasive Medical Engineering Technology Research and Development Center, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanbin Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen Cardiovascular Minimally Invasive Medical Engineering Technology Research and Development Center, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Minxian Wang
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, Liaoning, China
| | - Mengting Sun
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, Liaoning, China
| | - Yun Gong
- Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen Cardiovascular Minimally Invasive Medical Engineering Technology Research and Development Center, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingpei Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen Cardiovascular Minimally Invasive Medical Engineering Technology Research and Development Center, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Da Yin
- Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen Cardiovascular Minimally Invasive Medical Engineering Technology Research and Development Center, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xin Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen Cardiovascular Minimally Invasive Medical Engineering Technology Research and Development Center, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China.
| | - Shaohong Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen Cardiovascular Minimally Invasive Medical Engineering Technology Research and Development Center, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China.
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5
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Yang C, Xie Z, Liu H, Wang X, Zhang Z, Du L, Xie C. Efficacy and mechanism of Shenqi Compound in inhibiting diabetic vascular calcification. Mol Med 2023; 29:168. [PMID: 38093172 PMCID: PMC10720156 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00767-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shenqi Compound (SQC) has been used in clinic for several decades in the prevention and treatment of diabetes and its complications. But this is merely a heritage of experience. The primary aim of this study is to scientifically validate the therapeutic effects of SQC on diabetic vascular calcification (DVC) in an animal model and, simultaneously, uncover its potential underlying mechanisms. METHOD Spontaneous diabetic rat- Goto Kakizaki (GK) rats were selected for rat modeling. We meticulously designed three distinct groups: a control group, a model group, and an SQC treatment group to rigorously evaluate the influence of SQC. Utilizing a comprehensive approach that encompassed methods such as pathological staining, western blot analysis, qRT-PCR, and RNA sequencing, we thoroughly investigated the therapeutic advantages and the underlying mechanistic pathways associated with SQC in the treatment of DVC. RESULT The findings from this investigation have unveiled the extraordinary efficacy of SQC treatment in significantly mitigating DVC. The underlying mechanisms driving this effect encompass multifaceted facets, including the restoration of aberrant glucose and lipid metabolism, the prevention of phenotypic transformation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) into osteogenic-like states, the subsequent inhibition of cell apoptosis, the modulation of inflammation responses, the remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM), and the activation of the Hippo-YAP signaling pathway. Collectively, these mechanisms lead to the dissolution of deposited calcium salts, ultimately achieving the desired inhibition of DVC. CONCLUSION Our study has provided compelling and robust evidence of the remarkable efficacy of SQC treatment in significantly reducing DVC. This reduction is attributed to a multifaceted interplay of mechanisms, each playing a crucial role in the observed therapeutic effects. Notably, our findings illuminate prospective directions for further research and potential clinical applications in the field of cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Ziyan Xie
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan, China
| | - Hanyu Liu
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan, China
| | - Xueru Wang
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan, China
| | - Zehua Zhang
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan, China
| | - Lian Du
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunguang Xie
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan, China.
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Wei X, Shen Z, Zhu M, Fang M, Wang S, Zhang T, Zhang B, Yang X, Lv Z, Duan Y, Jiang M, Ma C, Li Q, Chen Y. The pterostilbene-dihydropyrazole derivative Ptd-1 ameliorates vascular calcification by regulating inflammation. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 125:111198. [PMID: 37952482 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Vascular calcification is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. However, there is still a lack of adequate treatment. This study aimed to examine the potential of (E)-1-(5-(2-(4-fluorobenzyloxy)Styryl)-4,6-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-methyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-1-yl) ethyl ketone (Ptd-1) to alleviate vascular calcification. ApoE-deficient mice were fed a high-fat diet for 12/16 weeks to induce intimal calcification, and wild-type mice were induced with a combination of nicotine and vitamin D3 to induce medial calcification. Human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) and aortic osteogenic differentiation were induced in vitro with phosphate. In the mouse model of atherosclerosis, Ptd-1 significantly ameliorated the progression of atherosclerosis and intimal calcification, and there were significant reductions in lipid deposition and calcium salt deposition in the aorta and aortic root. In addition, Ptd-1 significantly improved medial calcification in vivo and osteogenic differentiation in vitro. Mechanistically, Ptd-1 reduced the levels of the inflammatory factors IL-1β, TNFα and IL-6 in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, we demonstrated that Ptd-1 could attenuate the expression of p-ERK1/2 and β-catenin, and that the levels of inflammatory factors were elevated in the presence of ERK1/2 and β-catenin agonists. Interestingly, we determined that activation of the ERK1/2 pathway promoted β-catenin expression, which further regulated the IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway. Ptd-1 blocked ERK1/2 signaling, leading to decreased expression of inflammatory factors, which in turn improved vascular calcification. Taken together, our study reveals that Ptd-1 ameliorates vascular calcification by regulating the production of inflammatory factors, providing new ideas for the treatment of vascular calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoning Wei
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Zhenbao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Mengyuan Fang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Shengnan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Baotong Zhang
- Department of Human Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Zhilin Lv
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Yajun Duan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Meixiu Jiang
- The Institute of Translational Medicine, the National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Chuanrui Ma
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China.
| | - Qingshan Li
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China.
| | - Yuanli Chen
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China.
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Zhang YR, Liu SM, Chen Y, Zhang LS, Ji DR, Zhao J, Yu YR, Jia MZ, Tang CS, Huang W, Zhou YB, Chai SB, Qi YF. Intermedin alleviates diabetic vascular calcification by inhibiting GLUT1 through activation of the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway. Atherosclerosis 2023; 385:117342. [PMID: 37879153 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.117342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Vascular calcification (VC) is regarded as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular events in type 2 diabetic patients. Glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) involves VC. Intermedin/Adrenomedullin-2 (IMD/ADM2) is a cardiovascular protective peptide that can inhibit multiple disease-associated VC. However, the role and mechanism of IMD in diabetic VC remain unclear. Here, we investigated whether IMD inhibits diabetic VC by inhibiting GLUT1. METHODS AND RESULTS It was found that plasma IMD concentration was significantly decreased in type 2 diabetic patients and in fructose-induced diabetic rats compared with that in controls. Plasma IMD content was inversely correlated with fasting blood glucose level and VC severity. IMD alleviated VC in fructose-induced diabetic rats. Deficiency of Adm2 aggravated and Adm2 overexpression attenuated VC in high-fat diet-induced diabetic mice. In vitro, IMD mitigated high glucose-induced calcification of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Mechanistically, IMD reduced advanced glycation end products (AGEs) content and the level of receptor for AGEs (RAGE). IMD decreased glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) levels. The inhibitory effect of IMD on RAGE protein level was blocked by GLUT1 knockdown. GLUT1 knockdown abolished the effect of IMD on alleviating VSMC calcification. IMD receptor antagonist IMD17-47 and cyclic adenosine monophosphate/protein kinase A (cAMP/PKA) inhibitor H89 abolished the inhibitory effects of IMD on GLUT1 and VSMC calcification. CONCLUSIONS These findings revealed that IMD exerted its anti-calcification effect by inhibiting GLUT1, providing a novel therapeutic target for diabetic VC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Rong Zhang
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Bioactive Molecule, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100083, China; StateKey Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, 100083, China; Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Shi-Meng Liu
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Bioactive Molecule, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100083, China; StateKey Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, 100083, China; Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Bioactive Molecule, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100083, China; StateKey Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, 100083, China; Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Lin-Shuang Zhang
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Bioactive Molecule, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100083, China; StateKey Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, 100083, China; Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Deng-Ren Ji
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Bioactive Molecule, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100083, China; StateKey Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, 100083, China; Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Bioactive Molecule, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100083, China; StateKey Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, 100083, China; Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yan-Rong Yu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Mo-Zhi Jia
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Chao-Shu Tang
- StateKey Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Wei Huang
- StateKey Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Ye-Bo Zhou
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
| | - San-Bao Chai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Yong-Fen Qi
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Bioactive Molecule, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100083, China; StateKey Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, 100083, China; Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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Wang C, Ma Q, Yu X. Bile Acid Network and Vascular Calcification-Associated Diseases: Unraveling the Intricate Connections and Therapeutic Potential. Clin Interv Aging 2023; 18:1749-1767. [PMID: 37885621 PMCID: PMC10599251 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s431220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Bile acids play a crucial role in promoting intestinal nutrient absorption and biliary cholesterol excretion, thereby protecting the liver from cholesterol accumulation and bile acid toxicity. Additionally, bile acids can bind to specific nuclear and membrane receptors to regulate energy expenditure and specific functions of particular tissues. Vascular calcification refers to the pathological process of calcium-phosphate deposition in blood vessel walls, which serves as an independent predictor for cardiovascular adverse events. In addition to aging, this pathological change is associated with aging-related diseases such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, diabetes mellitus, and osteoporosis. Emerging evidence suggests a close association between the bile acid network and these aforementioned vascular calcification-associated conditions. Several bile acids have been proven to participate in calcium-phosphate metabolism, affecting the transdifferentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells and thus influencing vascular calcification. Targeting the bile acid network shows potential for ameliorating these diseases and their concomitant vascular calcification by regulating pathways such as energy metabolism, inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and cell differentiation. Here, we present a summary of the metabolism and functions of the bile acid network and aim to provide insights into the current research on the profound connections between the bile acid network and these vascular calcification-associated diseases, as well as the therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Wang
- Laboratory of Endocrinology & Metabolism/Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing Ma
- General Practice Ward/International Medical Center Ward, General Practice Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xijie Yu
- Laboratory of Endocrinology & Metabolism/Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, People’s Republic of China
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Gu W, Wei Y, Tang Y, Zhang S, Li S, Shi Y, Tang F, Awad AM, Zhang X, Tang F. Supplement of exogenous inorganic pyrophosphate inhibits atheromatous calcification in Apolipoprotein E knockout mice. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19214. [PMID: 37654451 PMCID: PMC10465865 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) is the endogenous inhibitor for vascular calcification (VC). The present study was to investigate the effects of adenosine disodium triphosphate (ADTP) and alendronate sodium (AL), two exogenous PPi sources, on the atheromatous calcification (AC) in Apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE KO) mice. ApoE KO mice were randomly divided into five groups: ApoE KO group, ApoE KO + ADTP (Low) group, ApoE KO + ADTP (High) group, ApoE KO + AL (Low) group and ApoE KO + AL (High) group. The mice in ApoE KO + ADTP (Low) group and ApoE KO + ADTP (High) group were intraperitoneally injected with ADTP with dose of 0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg/day for 2 months respectively. The mice in ApoE KO + AL (Low) group and ApoE KO + AL (High) group were intraperitoneally injected with AL with dose of 0.6 and 1.2 mg/kg/day for 2 months respectively. The age matched C57 mice were used as control group. All ApoE KO and C57 mice were fed with normal chow throughout the experiment. The calcification was evaluated using von Kossa method. The contents of PPi, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein (HDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) as well as the activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in serum were measured. The results showed that compared with C57 mice, ApoE KO mice developed severe AC accompanied with high levels of TC, TG, LDL, IL-6, TNF-α and IFN-γ in serum and with low levels of PPi and IL-10 in serum. Both ADTP and AL dose-dependently reduced the AC in ApoE KO mice compared with that of ApoE mice, without affecting the contents of lipid profiles. In addition, ADTP and AL increased the contents of PPi and IL-10 while decreased the contents of TNF-α, IL-6 and IFN-γ in serum of ApoE KO mice, having no affection on ALP activity. The results suggested that ADTP and AL reduced AC in ApoE KO mice by increasing the PPi level and regulating the inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjiao Gu
- Second Clinical School of Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Yujie Wei
- Second Clinical School of Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Yu Tang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Shining Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Shuangyi Li
- Second Clinical School of Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Youming Shi
- Second Clinical School of Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Fenxia Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Ali Mohamed Awad
- Second Clinical School of Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Futian Tang
- Second Clinical School of Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
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Zuo P, Xu R, Hu L, Hu W, Tong S. Association between monocyte lymphocyte ratio and abdominal aortic calcification in US adults: A cross-sectional study. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2023; 78:100232. [PMID: 37364352 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinsp.2023.100232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to evaluate the association between Monocyte Lymphocyte Ratio (MLR) and Abdominal Aortic Calcification (AAC) in adults over 40 years of age in the United States. METHODS Data were collected from the 2013-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). AAC was quantified by the Kauppila score system based on dual-energy X-Ray absorptiometry. Severe AAC was defined as a total AAC score > 6. The lymphocyte count and monocyte count can be directly obtained from laboratory data files. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to determine the association between MLR and the AAC score and severe AAC. RESULTS A total of 3,045 participants were included in the present study. After adjusting for multiple covariates, MLR was positively associated with higher AAC score (β = 0.21, 95% CI 0.07, 0.34, p = 0.0032) and the odds of severe AAC increased by 14% per 0.1 unit increase in the MLR (OR = 1.14, 95% CI 1.00, 1.31, p = 0.0541). The Odds Ratio (OR) (95% CI) of severe AAC for participants in MLR tertile 3 was 1.88 (1.02, 3.47) compared with those in tertile 1 (p for trend = 0.0341). Subgroup analyses showed that a stronger association was detected in the elderly compared with non-elderly (p for interaction = 0.0346) and diabetes compared with non-diabetes (borderline significant p for interaction = 0.0578). CONCLUSION In adults in the United States, MLR was associated with higher AAC scores and a higher probability of severe AAC. MLR may become a promising tool to predict the risk of AAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyuan Zuo
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ranran Xu
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liya Hu
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Pediatric, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Song Tong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China.
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Zhu K, Hou Z, Huang C, Xu M, Mu L, Yu G, Kaufman JD, Wang M, Lu B. Assessing the timing and the duration of exposure to air pollution on cardiometabolic biomarkers in patients suspected of coronary artery disease. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023:116334. [PMID: 37301499 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution can affect cardiometabolic biomarkers in susceptible populations, but the most important exposure window (lag days) and exposure duration (length of averaging period) are not well understood. We investigated air pollution exposure across different time intervals on ten cardiometabolic biomarkers in 1550 patients suspected of coronary artery disease. Daily residential PM2.5 and NO2 were estimated using satellite-based spatiotemporal models and assigned to participants for up to one year before the blood collection. Distributed lag models and generalized linear models were used to examine the single-day-effects by variable lags and cumulative effects of exposures averaged over different periods before the blood draw. In single-day-effect models, PM2.5 was associated with lower apolipoprotein A (ApoA) in the first 22 lag days with the effect peaking on the first lag day; PM2.5 was also associated with elevated high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) with significant exposure windows observed after the first 5 lag days. For the cumulative effects, short- and medium-term exposure was associated with lower ApoA (up to 30wk-average) and higher hs-CRP (up to 8wk-average), triglycerides and glucose (up to 6 d-average), but the associations were attenuated to null over the long term. The impacts of air pollution on inflammation, lipid, and glucose metabolism differ by the exposure timing and durations, which can inform our understanding of the cascade of underlying mechanisms among susceptible patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Zhihui Hou
- Department of Radiology, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Conghong Huang
- College of Land Management, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China; Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Muwu Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Lina Mu
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Guan Yu
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Joel D Kaufman
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, USA
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, USA; Research and Education in Energy, Environment and Water Institute, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
| | - Bin Lu
- Department of Radiology, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Wang L, Wei X, Wang Y. Promoting Angiogenesis Using Immune Cells for Tissue-Engineered Vascular Grafts. Ann Biomed Eng 2023; 51:660-678. [PMID: 36774426 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-023-03158-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Implantable tissue-engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs) usually trigger the host reaction which is inextricably linked with the immune system, including blood-material interaction, protein absorption, inflammation, foreign body reaction, and so on. With remarkable progress, the immune response is no longer considered to be entirely harmful to TEVGs, but its therapeutic and impaired effects on angiogenesis and tissue regeneration are parallel. Although the implicated immune mechanisms remain elusive, it is certainly worthwhile to gain detailed knowledge about the function of the individual immune components during angiogenesis and vascular remodeling. This review provides a general overview of immune cells with an emphasis on macrophages in light of the current literature. To the extent possible, we summarize state-of-the-art approaches to immune cell regulation of the vasculature and suggest that future studies are needed to better define the timing of the activity of each cell subpopulation and to further reveal key regulatory switches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University) of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xinbo Wei
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University) of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yuqing Wang
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China.
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University) of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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13
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Pan W, Jie W, Huang H. Vascular calcification: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic interventions. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e200. [PMID: 36620697 PMCID: PMC9811665 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) is recognized as a pathological vascular disorder associated with various diseases, such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, aortic valve stenosis, coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus, as well as chronic kidney disease. Therefore, it is a life-threatening state for human health. There were several studies targeting mechanisms of VC that revealed the importance of vascular smooth muscle cells transdifferentiating, phosphorous and calcium milieu, as well as matrix vesicles on the progress of VC. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of VC need to be elucidated. Though there is no acknowledged effective therapeutic strategy to reverse or cure VC clinically, recent evidence has proved that VC is not a passive irreversible comorbidity but an active process regulated by many factors. Some available approaches targeting the underlying molecular mechanism provide promising prospects for the therapy of VC. This review aims to summarize the novel findings on molecular mechanisms and therapeutic interventions of VC, including the role of inflammatory responses, endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, iron homeostasis, metabolic imbalance, and some related signaling pathways on VC progression. We also conclude some recent studies on controversial interventions in the clinical practice of VC, such as calcium channel blockers, renin-angiotensin system inhibitions, statins, bisphosphonates, denosumab, vitamins, and ion conditioning agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Pan
- Department of Cardiology, the Eighth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhenGuangdongChina,Joint Laboratory of Guangdong‐Hong Kong‐Macao Universities for Nutritional Metabolism and Precise Prevention and Control of Major Chronic DiseaseSun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Wei Jie
- Department of Cardiology, the Eighth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhenGuangdongChina,Joint Laboratory of Guangdong‐Hong Kong‐Macao Universities for Nutritional Metabolism and Precise Prevention and Control of Major Chronic DiseaseSun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Hui Huang
- Department of Cardiology, the Eighth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhenGuangdongChina,Joint Laboratory of Guangdong‐Hong Kong‐Macao Universities for Nutritional Metabolism and Precise Prevention and Control of Major Chronic DiseaseSun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhenGuangdongChina
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14
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Chen W, Wang L, Hu B, Zheng Y, Zhang S, Zhou Z, Mai Y. Predictive Value of Noninvasive Peripheral Atherosclerosis Measurement for Coronary Artery Disease in Patients with Long T2DM Duration. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2023; 16:1075-1083. [PMID: 37095753 PMCID: PMC10122498 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s404937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to compare the predictive value of carotid or femoral artery ultrasound for coronary artery disease (CAD) in type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients free from known CAD, and to assess the relationship with the severity of coronary artery stenosis. Methods Cross-sectional study in adults with a T2DM duration of at least 5 years and without established CAD. Carotid plaque score (CPS) and Gensini score were used to measure the severity of carotid and coronary artery stenosis, respectively, and patients were divided into no or mild group, moderate group, and severe group according to the tertile of the score. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to explore the possible risk factors for CAD. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were created to determine the most accurate assessment for detecting significant CAD (≥50% stenosis). Results 245 patients (137 male) aged 68.21±9.5 years (range: 36-95 years), with T2DM duration 12.04± 6.17 years (range: 5-34 years), and without CVD were included. CAD was diagnosed in 165 patients (67.3%). Multiple regression analysis showed that CPS, femoral plaque, and smoking were independently and positively correlated with CAD. CPS yielded the highest area under the curve for detecting significant coronary disease (AUC=0.7323). In contrast, the area under the curve of femoral artery plaque and carotid intima-media thickness was lower than 0.7, which was at a lower prediction level. Conclusion In patients with long T2DM duration, CPS has a higher ability to predict the occurrence and severity of CAD. However, femoral artery plaque has special value in predicting moderate to severe coronary artery disease in patients with long-term T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanjiao Chen
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315020People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Wang
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315020People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Hu
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315020People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Zheng
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315020People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuya Zhang
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315020People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhong Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315020, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Zhong Zhou; Yifeng Mai, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, 247 Renmin Road, Jiangbei District, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, 315020, People’s Republic of China, Tel +8613736099999, Email ;
| | - Yifeng Mai
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315020, People’s Republic of China
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15
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Lai PMR, Ryu JY, Park SC, Gross BA, Dickinson LD, Dagen S, Aziz-Sultan MA, Boulos AS, Barrow DL, Batjer HH, Blackburn S, Chang EF, Chen PR, Colby GP, Cosgrove GR, David CA, Day AL, Frerichs KU, Niemela M, Ojemann SG, Patel NJ, Shi X, Valle-Giler EP, Wang AC, Welch BG, Zusman EE, Weiss ST, Du R. Somatic Variants in SVIL in Cerebral Aneurysms. Neurol Genet 2022; 8:e200040. [PMID: 36475054 PMCID: PMC9720733 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000200040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background and ObjectivesWhile somatic mutations have been well-studied in cancer, their roles in other complex traits are much less understood. Our goal is to identify somatic variants that may contribute to the formation of saccular cerebral aneurysms.MethodsWe performed whole-exome sequencing on aneurysm tissues and paired peripheral blood. RNA sequencing and the CRISPR/Cas9 system were then used to perform functional validation of our results.ResultsSomatic variants involved in supervillin (SVIL) or its regulation were found in 17% of aneurysm tissues. In the presence of a mutation in theSVILgene, the expression level of SVIL was downregulated in the aneurysm tissue compared with normal control vessels. Downstream signaling pathways that were induced by knockdown ofSVILvia the CRISPR/Cas9 system in vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMCs) were determined by evaluating changes in gene expression and protein kinase phosphorylation. We found thatSVILregulated the phenotypic modulation of vSMCs to the synthetic phenotype via Krüppel-like factor 4 and platelet-derived growth factor and affected cell migration of vSMCs via the RhoA/ROCK pathway.DiscussionWe propose that somatic variants form a novel mechanism for the development of cerebral aneurysms. Specifically, somatic variants inSVILresult in the phenotypic modulation of vSMCs, which increases the susceptibility to aneurysm formation. This finding suggests a new avenue for the therapeutic intervention and prevention of cerebral aneurysms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pui Man Rosalind Lai
- Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.R.L., J.-Y.R., S.-C.P., S.D., M.A.A.-S., G.R.C., K.U.F., N.J.P., R.D.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Artificial Intelligence and Robotics Laboratory (S.-C.P.), Myongji Hospital, Goyang, Korea; Department of Neurosurgery (B.A.G.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Neurosurgery (L.D.D., E.E.Z.), Sutter Health, Danville, CA; Department of Neurosurgery (A.S.B.), Albany Medical Center, NY; Department of Neurosurgery (D.L.B.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Department of Neurosurgery (H.H.B., B.G.W.), University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX; Department of Neurosurgery (S.B., P.R.C., A.L.D.), University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; Department of Neurosurgery (E.F.C.), University of California San Francisco, CA; Department of Neurosurgery (G.P.C., A.C.W.), University of California Los Angeles; Department of Neurosurgery (C.A.D.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurosurgery (M.N.), Helsinki University and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurosurgery (S.G.O.), University of Colorado, Denver; Department of Neurosurgery (X.S.), Affiliated Fuxing Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Neurosurgery (E.P.V.-G.), Ochsner Medical Center, New Orleans, LA; and Channing Division of Network Medicine (S.T.W., R.D.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jee-Yeon Ryu
- Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.R.L., J.-Y.R., S.-C.P., S.D., M.A.A.-S., G.R.C., K.U.F., N.J.P., R.D.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Artificial Intelligence and Robotics Laboratory (S.-C.P.), Myongji Hospital, Goyang, Korea; Department of Neurosurgery (B.A.G.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Neurosurgery (L.D.D., E.E.Z.), Sutter Health, Danville, CA; Department of Neurosurgery (A.S.B.), Albany Medical Center, NY; Department of Neurosurgery (D.L.B.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Department of Neurosurgery (H.H.B., B.G.W.), University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX; Department of Neurosurgery (S.B., P.R.C., A.L.D.), University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; Department of Neurosurgery (E.F.C.), University of California San Francisco, CA; Department of Neurosurgery (G.P.C., A.C.W.), University of California Los Angeles; Department of Neurosurgery (C.A.D.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurosurgery (M.N.), Helsinki University and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurosurgery (S.G.O.), University of Colorado, Denver; Department of Neurosurgery (X.S.), Affiliated Fuxing Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Neurosurgery (E.P.V.-G.), Ochsner Medical Center, New Orleans, LA; and Channing Division of Network Medicine (S.T.W., R.D.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Sang-Cheol Park
- Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.R.L., J.-Y.R., S.-C.P., S.D., M.A.A.-S., G.R.C., K.U.F., N.J.P., R.D.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Artificial Intelligence and Robotics Laboratory (S.-C.P.), Myongji Hospital, Goyang, Korea; Department of Neurosurgery (B.A.G.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Neurosurgery (L.D.D., E.E.Z.), Sutter Health, Danville, CA; Department of Neurosurgery (A.S.B.), Albany Medical Center, NY; Department of Neurosurgery (D.L.B.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Department of Neurosurgery (H.H.B., B.G.W.), University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX; Department of Neurosurgery (S.B., P.R.C., A.L.D.), University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; Department of Neurosurgery (E.F.C.), University of California San Francisco, CA; Department of Neurosurgery (G.P.C., A.C.W.), University of California Los Angeles; Department of Neurosurgery (C.A.D.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurosurgery (M.N.), Helsinki University and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurosurgery (S.G.O.), University of Colorado, Denver; Department of Neurosurgery (X.S.), Affiliated Fuxing Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Neurosurgery (E.P.V.-G.), Ochsner Medical Center, New Orleans, LA; and Channing Division of Network Medicine (S.T.W., R.D.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Bradley A Gross
- Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.R.L., J.-Y.R., S.-C.P., S.D., M.A.A.-S., G.R.C., K.U.F., N.J.P., R.D.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Artificial Intelligence and Robotics Laboratory (S.-C.P.), Myongji Hospital, Goyang, Korea; Department of Neurosurgery (B.A.G.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Neurosurgery (L.D.D., E.E.Z.), Sutter Health, Danville, CA; Department of Neurosurgery (A.S.B.), Albany Medical Center, NY; Department of Neurosurgery (D.L.B.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Department of Neurosurgery (H.H.B., B.G.W.), University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX; Department of Neurosurgery (S.B., P.R.C., A.L.D.), University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; Department of Neurosurgery (E.F.C.), University of California San Francisco, CA; Department of Neurosurgery (G.P.C., A.C.W.), University of California Los Angeles; Department of Neurosurgery (C.A.D.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurosurgery (M.N.), Helsinki University and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurosurgery (S.G.O.), University of Colorado, Denver; Department of Neurosurgery (X.S.), Affiliated Fuxing Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Neurosurgery (E.P.V.-G.), Ochsner Medical Center, New Orleans, LA; and Channing Division of Network Medicine (S.T.W., R.D.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Lawrence D Dickinson
- Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.R.L., J.-Y.R., S.-C.P., S.D., M.A.A.-S., G.R.C., K.U.F., N.J.P., R.D.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Artificial Intelligence and Robotics Laboratory (S.-C.P.), Myongji Hospital, Goyang, Korea; Department of Neurosurgery (B.A.G.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Neurosurgery (L.D.D., E.E.Z.), Sutter Health, Danville, CA; Department of Neurosurgery (A.S.B.), Albany Medical Center, NY; Department of Neurosurgery (D.L.B.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Department of Neurosurgery (H.H.B., B.G.W.), University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX; Department of Neurosurgery (S.B., P.R.C., A.L.D.), University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; Department of Neurosurgery (E.F.C.), University of California San Francisco, CA; Department of Neurosurgery (G.P.C., A.C.W.), University of California Los Angeles; Department of Neurosurgery (C.A.D.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurosurgery (M.N.), Helsinki University and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurosurgery (S.G.O.), University of Colorado, Denver; Department of Neurosurgery (X.S.), Affiliated Fuxing Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Neurosurgery (E.P.V.-G.), Ochsner Medical Center, New Orleans, LA; and Channing Division of Network Medicine (S.T.W., R.D.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Sarajune Dagen
- Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.R.L., J.-Y.R., S.-C.P., S.D., M.A.A.-S., G.R.C., K.U.F., N.J.P., R.D.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Artificial Intelligence and Robotics Laboratory (S.-C.P.), Myongji Hospital, Goyang, Korea; Department of Neurosurgery (B.A.G.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Neurosurgery (L.D.D., E.E.Z.), Sutter Health, Danville, CA; Department of Neurosurgery (A.S.B.), Albany Medical Center, NY; Department of Neurosurgery (D.L.B.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Department of Neurosurgery (H.H.B., B.G.W.), University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX; Department of Neurosurgery (S.B., P.R.C., A.L.D.), University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; Department of Neurosurgery (E.F.C.), University of California San Francisco, CA; Department of Neurosurgery (G.P.C., A.C.W.), University of California Los Angeles; Department of Neurosurgery (C.A.D.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurosurgery (M.N.), Helsinki University and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurosurgery (S.G.O.), University of Colorado, Denver; Department of Neurosurgery (X.S.), Affiliated Fuxing Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Neurosurgery (E.P.V.-G.), Ochsner Medical Center, New Orleans, LA; and Channing Division of Network Medicine (S.T.W., R.D.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Mohammad Ali Aziz-Sultan
- Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.R.L., J.-Y.R., S.-C.P., S.D., M.A.A.-S., G.R.C., K.U.F., N.J.P., R.D.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Artificial Intelligence and Robotics Laboratory (S.-C.P.), Myongji Hospital, Goyang, Korea; Department of Neurosurgery (B.A.G.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Neurosurgery (L.D.D., E.E.Z.), Sutter Health, Danville, CA; Department of Neurosurgery (A.S.B.), Albany Medical Center, NY; Department of Neurosurgery (D.L.B.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Department of Neurosurgery (H.H.B., B.G.W.), University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX; Department of Neurosurgery (S.B., P.R.C., A.L.D.), University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; Department of Neurosurgery (E.F.C.), University of California San Francisco, CA; Department of Neurosurgery (G.P.C., A.C.W.), University of California Los Angeles; Department of Neurosurgery (C.A.D.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurosurgery (M.N.), Helsinki University and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurosurgery (S.G.O.), University of Colorado, Denver; Department of Neurosurgery (X.S.), Affiliated Fuxing Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Neurosurgery (E.P.V.-G.), Ochsner Medical Center, New Orleans, LA; and Channing Division of Network Medicine (S.T.W., R.D.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Alan S Boulos
- Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.R.L., J.-Y.R., S.-C.P., S.D., M.A.A.-S., G.R.C., K.U.F., N.J.P., R.D.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Artificial Intelligence and Robotics Laboratory (S.-C.P.), Myongji Hospital, Goyang, Korea; Department of Neurosurgery (B.A.G.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Neurosurgery (L.D.D., E.E.Z.), Sutter Health, Danville, CA; Department of Neurosurgery (A.S.B.), Albany Medical Center, NY; Department of Neurosurgery (D.L.B.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Department of Neurosurgery (H.H.B., B.G.W.), University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX; Department of Neurosurgery (S.B., P.R.C., A.L.D.), University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; Department of Neurosurgery (E.F.C.), University of California San Francisco, CA; Department of Neurosurgery (G.P.C., A.C.W.), University of California Los Angeles; Department of Neurosurgery (C.A.D.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurosurgery (M.N.), Helsinki University and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurosurgery (S.G.O.), University of Colorado, Denver; Department of Neurosurgery (X.S.), Affiliated Fuxing Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Neurosurgery (E.P.V.-G.), Ochsner Medical Center, New Orleans, LA; and Channing Division of Network Medicine (S.T.W., R.D.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Daniel L Barrow
- Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.R.L., J.-Y.R., S.-C.P., S.D., M.A.A.-S., G.R.C., K.U.F., N.J.P., R.D.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Artificial Intelligence and Robotics Laboratory (S.-C.P.), Myongji Hospital, Goyang, Korea; Department of Neurosurgery (B.A.G.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Neurosurgery (L.D.D., E.E.Z.), Sutter Health, Danville, CA; Department of Neurosurgery (A.S.B.), Albany Medical Center, NY; Department of Neurosurgery (D.L.B.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Department of Neurosurgery (H.H.B., B.G.W.), University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX; Department of Neurosurgery (S.B., P.R.C., A.L.D.), University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; Department of Neurosurgery (E.F.C.), University of California San Francisco, CA; Department of Neurosurgery (G.P.C., A.C.W.), University of California Los Angeles; Department of Neurosurgery (C.A.D.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurosurgery (M.N.), Helsinki University and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurosurgery (S.G.O.), University of Colorado, Denver; Department of Neurosurgery (X.S.), Affiliated Fuxing Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Neurosurgery (E.P.V.-G.), Ochsner Medical Center, New Orleans, LA; and Channing Division of Network Medicine (S.T.W., R.D.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - H Hunt Batjer
- Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.R.L., J.-Y.R., S.-C.P., S.D., M.A.A.-S., G.R.C., K.U.F., N.J.P., R.D.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Artificial Intelligence and Robotics Laboratory (S.-C.P.), Myongji Hospital, Goyang, Korea; Department of Neurosurgery (B.A.G.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Neurosurgery (L.D.D., E.E.Z.), Sutter Health, Danville, CA; Department of Neurosurgery (A.S.B.), Albany Medical Center, NY; Department of Neurosurgery (D.L.B.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Department of Neurosurgery (H.H.B., B.G.W.), University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX; Department of Neurosurgery (S.B., P.R.C., A.L.D.), University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; Department of Neurosurgery (E.F.C.), University of California San Francisco, CA; Department of Neurosurgery (G.P.C., A.C.W.), University of California Los Angeles; Department of Neurosurgery (C.A.D.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurosurgery (M.N.), Helsinki University and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurosurgery (S.G.O.), University of Colorado, Denver; Department of Neurosurgery (X.S.), Affiliated Fuxing Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Neurosurgery (E.P.V.-G.), Ochsner Medical Center, New Orleans, LA; and Channing Division of Network Medicine (S.T.W., R.D.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Spiros Blackburn
- Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.R.L., J.-Y.R., S.-C.P., S.D., M.A.A.-S., G.R.C., K.U.F., N.J.P., R.D.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Artificial Intelligence and Robotics Laboratory (S.-C.P.), Myongji Hospital, Goyang, Korea; Department of Neurosurgery (B.A.G.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Neurosurgery (L.D.D., E.E.Z.), Sutter Health, Danville, CA; Department of Neurosurgery (A.S.B.), Albany Medical Center, NY; Department of Neurosurgery (D.L.B.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Department of Neurosurgery (H.H.B., B.G.W.), University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX; Department of Neurosurgery (S.B., P.R.C., A.L.D.), University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; Department of Neurosurgery (E.F.C.), University of California San Francisco, CA; Department of Neurosurgery (G.P.C., A.C.W.), University of California Los Angeles; Department of Neurosurgery (C.A.D.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurosurgery (M.N.), Helsinki University and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurosurgery (S.G.O.), University of Colorado, Denver; Department of Neurosurgery (X.S.), Affiliated Fuxing Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Neurosurgery (E.P.V.-G.), Ochsner Medical Center, New Orleans, LA; and Channing Division of Network Medicine (S.T.W., R.D.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Edward F Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.R.L., J.-Y.R., S.-C.P., S.D., M.A.A.-S., G.R.C., K.U.F., N.J.P., R.D.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Artificial Intelligence and Robotics Laboratory (S.-C.P.), Myongji Hospital, Goyang, Korea; Department of Neurosurgery (B.A.G.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Neurosurgery (L.D.D., E.E.Z.), Sutter Health, Danville, CA; Department of Neurosurgery (A.S.B.), Albany Medical Center, NY; Department of Neurosurgery (D.L.B.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Department of Neurosurgery (H.H.B., B.G.W.), University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX; Department of Neurosurgery (S.B., P.R.C., A.L.D.), University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; Department of Neurosurgery (E.F.C.), University of California San Francisco, CA; Department of Neurosurgery (G.P.C., A.C.W.), University of California Los Angeles; Department of Neurosurgery (C.A.D.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurosurgery (M.N.), Helsinki University and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurosurgery (S.G.O.), University of Colorado, Denver; Department of Neurosurgery (X.S.), Affiliated Fuxing Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Neurosurgery (E.P.V.-G.), Ochsner Medical Center, New Orleans, LA; and Channing Division of Network Medicine (S.T.W., R.D.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - P Roc Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.R.L., J.-Y.R., S.-C.P., S.D., M.A.A.-S., G.R.C., K.U.F., N.J.P., R.D.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Artificial Intelligence and Robotics Laboratory (S.-C.P.), Myongji Hospital, Goyang, Korea; Department of Neurosurgery (B.A.G.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Neurosurgery (L.D.D., E.E.Z.), Sutter Health, Danville, CA; Department of Neurosurgery (A.S.B.), Albany Medical Center, NY; Department of Neurosurgery (D.L.B.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Department of Neurosurgery (H.H.B., B.G.W.), University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX; Department of Neurosurgery (S.B., P.R.C., A.L.D.), University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; Department of Neurosurgery (E.F.C.), University of California San Francisco, CA; Department of Neurosurgery (G.P.C., A.C.W.), University of California Los Angeles; Department of Neurosurgery (C.A.D.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurosurgery (M.N.), Helsinki University and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurosurgery (S.G.O.), University of Colorado, Denver; Department of Neurosurgery (X.S.), Affiliated Fuxing Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Neurosurgery (E.P.V.-G.), Ochsner Medical Center, New Orleans, LA; and Channing Division of Network Medicine (S.T.W., R.D.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Geoffrey P Colby
- Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.R.L., J.-Y.R., S.-C.P., S.D., M.A.A.-S., G.R.C., K.U.F., N.J.P., R.D.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Artificial Intelligence and Robotics Laboratory (S.-C.P.), Myongji Hospital, Goyang, Korea; Department of Neurosurgery (B.A.G.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Neurosurgery (L.D.D., E.E.Z.), Sutter Health, Danville, CA; Department of Neurosurgery (A.S.B.), Albany Medical Center, NY; Department of Neurosurgery (D.L.B.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Department of Neurosurgery (H.H.B., B.G.W.), University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX; Department of Neurosurgery (S.B., P.R.C., A.L.D.), University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; Department of Neurosurgery (E.F.C.), University of California San Francisco, CA; Department of Neurosurgery (G.P.C., A.C.W.), University of California Los Angeles; Department of Neurosurgery (C.A.D.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurosurgery (M.N.), Helsinki University and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurosurgery (S.G.O.), University of Colorado, Denver; Department of Neurosurgery (X.S.), Affiliated Fuxing Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Neurosurgery (E.P.V.-G.), Ochsner Medical Center, New Orleans, LA; and Channing Division of Network Medicine (S.T.W., R.D.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Garth Rees Cosgrove
- Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.R.L., J.-Y.R., S.-C.P., S.D., M.A.A.-S., G.R.C., K.U.F., N.J.P., R.D.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Artificial Intelligence and Robotics Laboratory (S.-C.P.), Myongji Hospital, Goyang, Korea; Department of Neurosurgery (B.A.G.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Neurosurgery (L.D.D., E.E.Z.), Sutter Health, Danville, CA; Department of Neurosurgery (A.S.B.), Albany Medical Center, NY; Department of Neurosurgery (D.L.B.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Department of Neurosurgery (H.H.B., B.G.W.), University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX; Department of Neurosurgery (S.B., P.R.C., A.L.D.), University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; Department of Neurosurgery (E.F.C.), University of California San Francisco, CA; Department of Neurosurgery (G.P.C., A.C.W.), University of California Los Angeles; Department of Neurosurgery (C.A.D.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurosurgery (M.N.), Helsinki University and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurosurgery (S.G.O.), University of Colorado, Denver; Department of Neurosurgery (X.S.), Affiliated Fuxing Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Neurosurgery (E.P.V.-G.), Ochsner Medical Center, New Orleans, LA; and Channing Division of Network Medicine (S.T.W., R.D.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Carlos A David
- Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.R.L., J.-Y.R., S.-C.P., S.D., M.A.A.-S., G.R.C., K.U.F., N.J.P., R.D.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Artificial Intelligence and Robotics Laboratory (S.-C.P.), Myongji Hospital, Goyang, Korea; Department of Neurosurgery (B.A.G.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Neurosurgery (L.D.D., E.E.Z.), Sutter Health, Danville, CA; Department of Neurosurgery (A.S.B.), Albany Medical Center, NY; Department of Neurosurgery (D.L.B.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Department of Neurosurgery (H.H.B., B.G.W.), University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX; Department of Neurosurgery (S.B., P.R.C., A.L.D.), University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; Department of Neurosurgery (E.F.C.), University of California San Francisco, CA; Department of Neurosurgery (G.P.C., A.C.W.), University of California Los Angeles; Department of Neurosurgery (C.A.D.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurosurgery (M.N.), Helsinki University and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurosurgery (S.G.O.), University of Colorado, Denver; Department of Neurosurgery (X.S.), Affiliated Fuxing Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Neurosurgery (E.P.V.-G.), Ochsner Medical Center, New Orleans, LA; and Channing Division of Network Medicine (S.T.W., R.D.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Arthur L Day
- Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.R.L., J.-Y.R., S.-C.P., S.D., M.A.A.-S., G.R.C., K.U.F., N.J.P., R.D.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Artificial Intelligence and Robotics Laboratory (S.-C.P.), Myongji Hospital, Goyang, Korea; Department of Neurosurgery (B.A.G.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Neurosurgery (L.D.D., E.E.Z.), Sutter Health, Danville, CA; Department of Neurosurgery (A.S.B.), Albany Medical Center, NY; Department of Neurosurgery (D.L.B.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Department of Neurosurgery (H.H.B., B.G.W.), University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX; Department of Neurosurgery (S.B., P.R.C., A.L.D.), University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; Department of Neurosurgery (E.F.C.), University of California San Francisco, CA; Department of Neurosurgery (G.P.C., A.C.W.), University of California Los Angeles; Department of Neurosurgery (C.A.D.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurosurgery (M.N.), Helsinki University and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurosurgery (S.G.O.), University of Colorado, Denver; Department of Neurosurgery (X.S.), Affiliated Fuxing Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Neurosurgery (E.P.V.-G.), Ochsner Medical Center, New Orleans, LA; and Channing Division of Network Medicine (S.T.W., R.D.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Kai U Frerichs
- Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.R.L., J.-Y.R., S.-C.P., S.D., M.A.A.-S., G.R.C., K.U.F., N.J.P., R.D.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Artificial Intelligence and Robotics Laboratory (S.-C.P.), Myongji Hospital, Goyang, Korea; Department of Neurosurgery (B.A.G.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Neurosurgery (L.D.D., E.E.Z.), Sutter Health, Danville, CA; Department of Neurosurgery (A.S.B.), Albany Medical Center, NY; Department of Neurosurgery (D.L.B.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Department of Neurosurgery (H.H.B., B.G.W.), University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX; Department of Neurosurgery (S.B., P.R.C., A.L.D.), University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; Department of Neurosurgery (E.F.C.), University of California San Francisco, CA; Department of Neurosurgery (G.P.C., A.C.W.), University of California Los Angeles; Department of Neurosurgery (C.A.D.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurosurgery (M.N.), Helsinki University and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurosurgery (S.G.O.), University of Colorado, Denver; Department of Neurosurgery (X.S.), Affiliated Fuxing Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Neurosurgery (E.P.V.-G.), Ochsner Medical Center, New Orleans, LA; and Channing Division of Network Medicine (S.T.W., R.D.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Mika Niemela
- Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.R.L., J.-Y.R., S.-C.P., S.D., M.A.A.-S., G.R.C., K.U.F., N.J.P., R.D.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Artificial Intelligence and Robotics Laboratory (S.-C.P.), Myongji Hospital, Goyang, Korea; Department of Neurosurgery (B.A.G.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Neurosurgery (L.D.D., E.E.Z.), Sutter Health, Danville, CA; Department of Neurosurgery (A.S.B.), Albany Medical Center, NY; Department of Neurosurgery (D.L.B.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Department of Neurosurgery (H.H.B., B.G.W.), University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX; Department of Neurosurgery (S.B., P.R.C., A.L.D.), University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; Department of Neurosurgery (E.F.C.), University of California San Francisco, CA; Department of Neurosurgery (G.P.C., A.C.W.), University of California Los Angeles; Department of Neurosurgery (C.A.D.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurosurgery (M.N.), Helsinki University and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurosurgery (S.G.O.), University of Colorado, Denver; Department of Neurosurgery (X.S.), Affiliated Fuxing Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Neurosurgery (E.P.V.-G.), Ochsner Medical Center, New Orleans, LA; and Channing Division of Network Medicine (S.T.W., R.D.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Steven G Ojemann
- Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.R.L., J.-Y.R., S.-C.P., S.D., M.A.A.-S., G.R.C., K.U.F., N.J.P., R.D.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Artificial Intelligence and Robotics Laboratory (S.-C.P.), Myongji Hospital, Goyang, Korea; Department of Neurosurgery (B.A.G.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Neurosurgery (L.D.D., E.E.Z.), Sutter Health, Danville, CA; Department of Neurosurgery (A.S.B.), Albany Medical Center, NY; Department of Neurosurgery (D.L.B.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Department of Neurosurgery (H.H.B., B.G.W.), University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX; Department of Neurosurgery (S.B., P.R.C., A.L.D.), University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; Department of Neurosurgery (E.F.C.), University of California San Francisco, CA; Department of Neurosurgery (G.P.C., A.C.W.), University of California Los Angeles; Department of Neurosurgery (C.A.D.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurosurgery (M.N.), Helsinki University and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurosurgery (S.G.O.), University of Colorado, Denver; Department of Neurosurgery (X.S.), Affiliated Fuxing Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Neurosurgery (E.P.V.-G.), Ochsner Medical Center, New Orleans, LA; and Channing Division of Network Medicine (S.T.W., R.D.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Nirav J Patel
- Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.R.L., J.-Y.R., S.-C.P., S.D., M.A.A.-S., G.R.C., K.U.F., N.J.P., R.D.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Artificial Intelligence and Robotics Laboratory (S.-C.P.), Myongji Hospital, Goyang, Korea; Department of Neurosurgery (B.A.G.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Neurosurgery (L.D.D., E.E.Z.), Sutter Health, Danville, CA; Department of Neurosurgery (A.S.B.), Albany Medical Center, NY; Department of Neurosurgery (D.L.B.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Department of Neurosurgery (H.H.B., B.G.W.), University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX; Department of Neurosurgery (S.B., P.R.C., A.L.D.), University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; Department of Neurosurgery (E.F.C.), University of California San Francisco, CA; Department of Neurosurgery (G.P.C., A.C.W.), University of California Los Angeles; Department of Neurosurgery (C.A.D.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurosurgery (M.N.), Helsinki University and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurosurgery (S.G.O.), University of Colorado, Denver; Department of Neurosurgery (X.S.), Affiliated Fuxing Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Neurosurgery (E.P.V.-G.), Ochsner Medical Center, New Orleans, LA; and Channing Division of Network Medicine (S.T.W., R.D.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Xiangen Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.R.L., J.-Y.R., S.-C.P., S.D., M.A.A.-S., G.R.C., K.U.F., N.J.P., R.D.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Artificial Intelligence and Robotics Laboratory (S.-C.P.), Myongji Hospital, Goyang, Korea; Department of Neurosurgery (B.A.G.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Neurosurgery (L.D.D., E.E.Z.), Sutter Health, Danville, CA; Department of Neurosurgery (A.S.B.), Albany Medical Center, NY; Department of Neurosurgery (D.L.B.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Department of Neurosurgery (H.H.B., B.G.W.), University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX; Department of Neurosurgery (S.B., P.R.C., A.L.D.), University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; Department of Neurosurgery (E.F.C.), University of California San Francisco, CA; Department of Neurosurgery (G.P.C., A.C.W.), University of California Los Angeles; Department of Neurosurgery (C.A.D.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurosurgery (M.N.), Helsinki University and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurosurgery (S.G.O.), University of Colorado, Denver; Department of Neurosurgery (X.S.), Affiliated Fuxing Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Neurosurgery (E.P.V.-G.), Ochsner Medical Center, New Orleans, LA; and Channing Division of Network Medicine (S.T.W., R.D.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Edison P Valle-Giler
- Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.R.L., J.-Y.R., S.-C.P., S.D., M.A.A.-S., G.R.C., K.U.F., N.J.P., R.D.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Artificial Intelligence and Robotics Laboratory (S.-C.P.), Myongji Hospital, Goyang, Korea; Department of Neurosurgery (B.A.G.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Neurosurgery (L.D.D., E.E.Z.), Sutter Health, Danville, CA; Department of Neurosurgery (A.S.B.), Albany Medical Center, NY; Department of Neurosurgery (D.L.B.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Department of Neurosurgery (H.H.B., B.G.W.), University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX; Department of Neurosurgery (S.B., P.R.C., A.L.D.), University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; Department of Neurosurgery (E.F.C.), University of California San Francisco, CA; Department of Neurosurgery (G.P.C., A.C.W.), University of California Los Angeles; Department of Neurosurgery (C.A.D.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurosurgery (M.N.), Helsinki University and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurosurgery (S.G.O.), University of Colorado, Denver; Department of Neurosurgery (X.S.), Affiliated Fuxing Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Neurosurgery (E.P.V.-G.), Ochsner Medical Center, New Orleans, LA; and Channing Division of Network Medicine (S.T.W., R.D.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Anthony C Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.R.L., J.-Y.R., S.-C.P., S.D., M.A.A.-S., G.R.C., K.U.F., N.J.P., R.D.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Artificial Intelligence and Robotics Laboratory (S.-C.P.), Myongji Hospital, Goyang, Korea; Department of Neurosurgery (B.A.G.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Neurosurgery (L.D.D., E.E.Z.), Sutter Health, Danville, CA; Department of Neurosurgery (A.S.B.), Albany Medical Center, NY; Department of Neurosurgery (D.L.B.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Department of Neurosurgery (H.H.B., B.G.W.), University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX; Department of Neurosurgery (S.B., P.R.C., A.L.D.), University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; Department of Neurosurgery (E.F.C.), University of California San Francisco, CA; Department of Neurosurgery (G.P.C., A.C.W.), University of California Los Angeles; Department of Neurosurgery (C.A.D.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurosurgery (M.N.), Helsinki University and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurosurgery (S.G.O.), University of Colorado, Denver; Department of Neurosurgery (X.S.), Affiliated Fuxing Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Neurosurgery (E.P.V.-G.), Ochsner Medical Center, New Orleans, LA; and Channing Division of Network Medicine (S.T.W., R.D.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Babu G Welch
- Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.R.L., J.-Y.R., S.-C.P., S.D., M.A.A.-S., G.R.C., K.U.F., N.J.P., R.D.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Artificial Intelligence and Robotics Laboratory (S.-C.P.), Myongji Hospital, Goyang, Korea; Department of Neurosurgery (B.A.G.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Neurosurgery (L.D.D., E.E.Z.), Sutter Health, Danville, CA; Department of Neurosurgery (A.S.B.), Albany Medical Center, NY; Department of Neurosurgery (D.L.B.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Department of Neurosurgery (H.H.B., B.G.W.), University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX; Department of Neurosurgery (S.B., P.R.C., A.L.D.), University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; Department of Neurosurgery (E.F.C.), University of California San Francisco, CA; Department of Neurosurgery (G.P.C., A.C.W.), University of California Los Angeles; Department of Neurosurgery (C.A.D.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurosurgery (M.N.), Helsinki University and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurosurgery (S.G.O.), University of Colorado, Denver; Department of Neurosurgery (X.S.), Affiliated Fuxing Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Neurosurgery (E.P.V.-G.), Ochsner Medical Center, New Orleans, LA; and Channing Division of Network Medicine (S.T.W., R.D.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Edie E Zusman
- Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.R.L., J.-Y.R., S.-C.P., S.D., M.A.A.-S., G.R.C., K.U.F., N.J.P., R.D.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Artificial Intelligence and Robotics Laboratory (S.-C.P.), Myongji Hospital, Goyang, Korea; Department of Neurosurgery (B.A.G.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Neurosurgery (L.D.D., E.E.Z.), Sutter Health, Danville, CA; Department of Neurosurgery (A.S.B.), Albany Medical Center, NY; Department of Neurosurgery (D.L.B.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Department of Neurosurgery (H.H.B., B.G.W.), University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX; Department of Neurosurgery (S.B., P.R.C., A.L.D.), University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; Department of Neurosurgery (E.F.C.), University of California San Francisco, CA; Department of Neurosurgery (G.P.C., A.C.W.), University of California Los Angeles; Department of Neurosurgery (C.A.D.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurosurgery (M.N.), Helsinki University and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurosurgery (S.G.O.), University of Colorado, Denver; Department of Neurosurgery (X.S.), Affiliated Fuxing Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Neurosurgery (E.P.V.-G.), Ochsner Medical Center, New Orleans, LA; and Channing Division of Network Medicine (S.T.W., R.D.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Scott T Weiss
- Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.R.L., J.-Y.R., S.-C.P., S.D., M.A.A.-S., G.R.C., K.U.F., N.J.P., R.D.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Artificial Intelligence and Robotics Laboratory (S.-C.P.), Myongji Hospital, Goyang, Korea; Department of Neurosurgery (B.A.G.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Neurosurgery (L.D.D., E.E.Z.), Sutter Health, Danville, CA; Department of Neurosurgery (A.S.B.), Albany Medical Center, NY; Department of Neurosurgery (D.L.B.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Department of Neurosurgery (H.H.B., B.G.W.), University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX; Department of Neurosurgery (S.B., P.R.C., A.L.D.), University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; Department of Neurosurgery (E.F.C.), University of California San Francisco, CA; Department of Neurosurgery (G.P.C., A.C.W.), University of California Los Angeles; Department of Neurosurgery (C.A.D.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurosurgery (M.N.), Helsinki University and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurosurgery (S.G.O.), University of Colorado, Denver; Department of Neurosurgery (X.S.), Affiliated Fuxing Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Neurosurgery (E.P.V.-G.), Ochsner Medical Center, New Orleans, LA; and Channing Division of Network Medicine (S.T.W., R.D.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Rose Du
- Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.R.L., J.-Y.R., S.-C.P., S.D., M.A.A.-S., G.R.C., K.U.F., N.J.P., R.D.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Artificial Intelligence and Robotics Laboratory (S.-C.P.), Myongji Hospital, Goyang, Korea; Department of Neurosurgery (B.A.G.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Neurosurgery (L.D.D., E.E.Z.), Sutter Health, Danville, CA; Department of Neurosurgery (A.S.B.), Albany Medical Center, NY; Department of Neurosurgery (D.L.B.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Department of Neurosurgery (H.H.B., B.G.W.), University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX; Department of Neurosurgery (S.B., P.R.C., A.L.D.), University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; Department of Neurosurgery (E.F.C.), University of California San Francisco, CA; Department of Neurosurgery (G.P.C., A.C.W.), University of California Los Angeles; Department of Neurosurgery (C.A.D.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurosurgery (M.N.), Helsinki University and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurosurgery (S.G.O.), University of Colorado, Denver; Department of Neurosurgery (X.S.), Affiliated Fuxing Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Neurosurgery (E.P.V.-G.), Ochsner Medical Center, New Orleans, LA; and Channing Division of Network Medicine (S.T.W., R.D.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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16
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Huang Z, Zhang Y, Liu R, Li Y, Rafique M, Midgley AC, Wan Y, Yan H, Si J, Wang T, Chen C, Wang P, Shafiq M, Li J, Zhao L, Kong D, Wang K. Cobalt loaded electrospun poly(ε-caprolactone) grafts promote antibacterial activity and vascular regeneration in a diabetic rat model. Biomaterials 2022; 291:121901. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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17
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Vallée A. Arterial Stiffness and the Canonical WNT/β-catenin Pathway. Curr Hypertens Rep 2022; 24:499-507. [PMID: 35727523 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-022-01211-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Arterial stiffness (AS) was mainly associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in a hypertensive patient. Some risk factors contribute to the development of AS, such as aging, high blood pressure, vascular calcification, inflammation, and diabetes mellitus. The WNT/β-catenin pathway is implicated in numerous signaling and regulating pathways, including embryogenesis, cell proliferation, migration and polarity, apoptosis, and organogenesis. The activation of the WNT/β-catenin pathway is associated with the development of these risk factors. RECENT FINDINGS Aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) is measured to determine AS, and in peripheral artery disease patients, PWV is higher than controls. An augmentation in PWV by 1 m/s has been shown to increase the risk of cardiovascular events by 14%. AS measured by PWV is characterized by the deregulation of the WNT/β-catenin pathway by the inactivation of its two inhibitors, i.e., DKK1 and sclerostin. Thus, this review focuses on the role of the WNT/β-catenin pathway which contributes to the development of arterial stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Vallée
- Department of Epidemiology - Data - Biostatistics, Delegation of Clinical Research and Innovation, Foch Hospital, 92150, Suresnes, France.
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18
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Wang Y, Li G, Yang L, Luo R, Guo G. Development of Innovative Biomaterials and Devices for the Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2201971. [PMID: 35654586 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202201971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases have become the leading cause of death worldwide. The increasing burden of cardiovascular diseases has become a major public health problem and how to carry out efficient and reliable treatment of cardiovascular diseases has become an urgent global problem to be solved. Recently, implantable biomaterials and devices, especially minimally invasive interventional ones, such as vascular stents, artificial heart valves, bioprosthetic cardiac occluders, artificial graft cardiac patches, atrial shunts, and injectable hydrogels against heart failure, have become the most effective means in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Herein, an overview of the challenges and research frontier of innovative biomaterials and devices for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases is provided, and their future development directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunbing Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Gaocan Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Li Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Rifang Luo
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Gaoyang Guo
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, China
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19
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Zehra U, Tryfonidou M, Iatridis JC, Illien-Jünger S, Mwale F, Samartzis D. Mechanisms and clinical implications of intervertebral disc calcification. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2022; 18:352-362. [DOI: 10.1038/s41584-022-00783-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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20
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Chiang HY, Chu PH, Chen SC, Lee TH. MFG-E8 promotes osteogenic transdifferentiation of smooth muscle cells and vascular calcification by regulating TGF-β1 signaling. Commun Biol 2022; 5:364. [PMID: 35440618 PMCID: PMC9018696 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03313-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification occurs in arterial aging, atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, and chronic kidney disease. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is a key modulator driving the osteogenic transdifferentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), leading to vascular calcification. We hypothesize that milk fat globule–epidermal growth factor 8 (MFG-E8), a glycoprotein expressed in VSMCs, promotes the osteogenic transdifferentiation of VSMCs through the activation of TGF-β1-mediated signaling. We observe that the genetic deletion of MFG-E8 prevents calcium chloride-induced vascular calcification in common carotid arteries (CCAs). The exogenous application of MFG-E8 to aged CCAs promotes arterial wall calcification. MFG-E8-deficient cultured VSMCs exhibit decreased biomineralization and phenotypic transformation to osteoblast-like cells in response to osteogenic medium. MFG-E8 promotes β1 integrin–dependent MMP2 expression, causing TGF-β1 activation and subsequent VSMC osteogenic transdifferentiation and biomineralization. Thus, the established molecular link between MFG-E8 and vascular calcification suggests that MFG-E8 can be therapeutically targeted to mitigate vascular calcification. A molecular link between the milk fat globule–epidermal growth factor 8 (MFG-E8), activation of vascular calcification driver TGF-β1 and osteogenic differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells suggests that MFG-E8 could be a therapeutic target for vascular calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hou-Yu Chiang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Pao-Hsien Chu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Chi Chen
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Hein Lee
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan.
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21
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Tan W, Wang G, Liu G, You D, Wei M, Jin X, Zhao W, Zheng M. The elevation of miR-185-5p alleviates high-fat diet-induced atherosclerosis and lipid accumulation in vivo and in vitro via SREBP2 activation. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:1729-1742. [PMID: 35172278 PMCID: PMC8908921 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE SREBP2, a member of the SREBP family, is a primary regulator of lipid metabolism. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have suggested that miRNAs regulate lipid metabolism-related genes. It was speculated in this study that miRNAs may be implicated in the regulation of lipid accumulation in macrophages by SREBP2 protein. METHODS AND RESULTS GSE34812, GSE132651 and GSE28829 datasets comprised of atherosclerosis samples were downloaded to explore the gene expression profiles related to the miRNAs and SREBP2, and miR-185-5p was predicted to be a target of SREBP2. The GO annotations and KEGG pathway analysis were adopted for functional classification of differentially expressed genes, and lipid metabolic process was an enriched pathway in atherosclerosis. Besides, the effects of SREBP2 on increasing lipid accumulation were investigated in vivo using miR-185-5p mimic/apoE-/- mice and miR-185-5p NC/apoE-/- mice. All mice fed with a HFD suffered from atherosclerosis. Moreover, the effects of miR-185-5p on atherosclerotic plaque formation in mice were analyzed. An in vitro assay was also performed to determine the effect of miR-185-5p on ox-LDL-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Finally, miR-185-5p mimic was transfected into cultured macrophages. The results showed that the miR-185-5p elevation might regulate lipid accumulation in mice by targeting SREBP2. Furthermore, miR-185-5p mimic repressed the activation of SREBP1, SREBP2, LDLR, SCD-1, HMGCR as well as NLRP3, IL-1β, TNF-α in HFD fed mice or ox-LDL-stimulated macrophages. CONCLUSIONS our study demonstrated that miR-185-5p effectively alleviates atherosclerosis and lipid accumulation by regulating the miR-185-5p/SREBP2 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyun Tan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, 980 Hospital of PLA Joint Logistics Support Forces, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Daofeng You
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Mei Wei
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaojing Jin
- Department of Emergency, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Mingqi Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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22
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Ma J, Zeng P, Liu L, Zhu M, Zheng J, Wang C, Zhao X, Hu W, Yang X, Duan Y, Han J, Miao QR, Chen Y. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-Gamma Reduces ER Stress and Inflammation via Targeting NGBR Expression. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:817784. [PMID: 35111067 PMCID: PMC8801792 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.817784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased Nogo-B receptor (NGBR) expression in the liver improves insulin sensitivity by reducing endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) and activating the AMPK pathway, although it remains elusive the mechanisms by which NGBR is induced. In this study, we found that PPARγ ligands (rosiglitazone or pioglitazone) increased NGBR expression in hepatic cells and HUVECs. Furthermore, promoter analysis defined two PPREs (PPARγ-responsive elements) in the promoter region of NGBR, which was further confirmed by the ChIP assay. In vivo, using liver-specific PPARγ deficient (PPARγLKO) mice, we identified the key role of PPARγ expression in pioglitazone-induced NGBR expression. Meanwhile, the basal level of ER stress and inflammation was slightly increased by NGBR knockdown. However, the inhibitory effect of rosiglitazone on inflammation was abolished while rosiglitazone-inhibited ER stress was weakened by NGBR knockdown. Taken together, these findings show that NGBR is a previously unrecognized target of PPARγ activation and plays an essential role in PPARγ-reduced ER stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialing Ma
- Key Laboratory of Major Metabolic Diseases and Nutritional Regulation of Anhui Department of Education, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Peng Zeng
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lipei Liu
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Major Metabolic Diseases and Nutritional Regulation of Anhui Department of Education, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Juan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Major Metabolic Diseases and Nutritional Regulation of Anhui Department of Education, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Chengyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Major Metabolic Diseases and Nutritional Regulation of Anhui Department of Education, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaokang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Major Metabolic Diseases and Nutritional Regulation of Anhui Department of Education, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Wenquan Hu
- Centre for Lipid Research & Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Major Metabolic Diseases and Nutritional Regulation of Anhui Department of Education, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Yajun Duan
- Key Laboratory of Major Metabolic Diseases and Nutritional Regulation of Anhui Department of Education, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Jihong Han
- Key Laboratory of Major Metabolic Diseases and Nutritional Regulation of Anhui Department of Education, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China.,College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qing R Miao
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, New York University Long Island School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Yuanli Chen
- Key Laboratory of Major Metabolic Diseases and Nutritional Regulation of Anhui Department of Education, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
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23
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Sun XJ, Liu NF. Diabetic mellitus, vascular calcification and hypoxia: A complex and neglected tripartite relationship. Cell Signal 2021; 91:110219. [PMID: 34921978 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
DM (diabetic mellitus) and its common vascular complications VC (vascular calcification), are increasingly harmful to human health. In recent years, the research on the relationship between DM and VC is also deepening. Hypoxia, as one of the pathogenic factors of many disease models, is also closely related to the occurrence of DM and VC. There are some studies on the role of hypoxia in the pathogenesis of DM and VC respectively, but no one has made an in-depth summary of the systematic connection between hypoxia, DM and VC. Therefore, what we want to review in this article are the relationship between DM, VC and hypoxia, respectively, as well as the role of hypoxia in the development of DM and VC, which has little concern but is a novel and potentially target that may provide some new ideas for the prevention and treatment of DM, VC, especially diabetic VC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Jiao Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Nai-Feng Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
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24
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Shen J, Zhao M, Zhang C, Sun X. IL-1β in atherosclerotic vascular calcification: From bench to bedside. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:4353-4364. [PMID: 34803503 PMCID: PMC8579452 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.66537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic vascular calcification contributes to increased risk of death in patients with cardiovascular diseases. Assessing the type and severity of inflammation is crucial in the treatment of numerous cardiovascular conditions. IL-1β, a potent proinflammatory cytokine, plays diverse roles in the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic vascular calcification. Several large-scale, population cohort trials have shown that the incidence of cardiovascular events is clinically reduced by the administration of anti-IL-1β therapy. Anti-IL-1β therapy might reduce the incidence of cardiovascular events by affecting atherosclerotic vascular calcification, but the mechanism underlying this effect remains unclear. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the role of IL-1β in atherosclerotic vascular calcification, and describe the latest results reported in clinical trials evaluating anti-IL-1β therapies for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. This review will aid in improving current understanding of the pathophysiological roles of IL-1β and mechanisms underlying its activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialing Shen
- Department of General Surgery (Vascular Surgery), the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Interventional Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Chunxiang Zhang
- Laboratory of Nucleic Acids in Medicine for National high-level talents, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Xiaolei Sun
- Department of General Surgery (Vascular Surgery), the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.,Department of Interventional Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.,Laboratory of Nucleic Acids in Medicine for National high-level talents, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.,School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, United Kingdom.,Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom.,Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Luzhou, 646000, China.,Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou 646000, China
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25
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Henze LA, Estepa M, Pieske B, Lang F, Eckardt KU, Alesutan I, Voelkl J. Zinc Ameliorates the Osteogenic Effects of High Glucose in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113083. [PMID: 34831306 PMCID: PMC8623153 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In diabetic patients, medial vascular calcification is common and associated with increased cardiovascular mortality. Excessive glucose concentrations can activate the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B-cells (NF-kB) and trigger pro-calcific effects in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), which may actively augment vascular calcification. Zinc is able to mitigate phosphate-induced VSMC calcification. Reduced serum zinc levels have been reported in diabetes mellitus. Therefore, in this study the effects of zinc supplementation were investigated in primary human aortic VSMCs exposed to excessive glucose concentrations. Zinc treatment was found to abrogate the stimulating effects of high glucose on VSMC calcification. Furthermore, zinc was found to blunt the increased expression of osteogenic and chondrogenic markers in high glucose-treated VSMCs. High glucose exposure was shown to activate NF-kB in VSMCs, an effect that was blunted by additional zinc treatment. Zinc was further found to increase the expression of TNFα-induced protein 3 (TNFAIP3) in high glucose-treated VSMCs. The silencing of TNFAIP3 was shown to abolish the protective effects of zinc on high glucose-induced NF-kB-dependent transcriptional activation, osteogenic marker expression, and the calcification of VSMCs. Silencing of the zinc-sensing receptor G protein-coupled receptor 39 (GPR39) was shown to abolish zinc-induced TNFAIP3 expression and the effects of zinc on high glucose-induced osteogenic marker expression. These observations indicate that zinc may be a protective factor during vascular calcification in hyperglycemic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A. Henze
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (L.A.H.); (M.E.); (B.P.)
| | - Misael Estepa
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (L.A.H.); (M.E.); (B.P.)
| | - Burkert Pieske
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (L.A.H.); (M.E.); (B.P.)
| | - Florian Lang
- Department of Vegetative and Clinical Physiology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
| | - Kai-Uwe Eckardt
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (K.-U.E.); (J.V.)
| | - Ioana Alesutan
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4040 Linz, Austria
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-732-2468-8990
| | - Jakob Voelkl
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (K.-U.E.); (J.V.)
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4040 Linz, Austria
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 13347 Berlin, Germany
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26
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Khandkar C, Vaidya K, Karimi Galougahi K, Patel S. Low bone mineral density and coronary artery disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. IJC HEART & VASCULATURE 2021; 37:100891. [PMID: 34746361 PMCID: PMC8554269 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2021.100891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) and osteoporosis both cause significant morbidity and mortality. Recent interest in inflammation and the bone-vascular axis suggests a mechanistic link between the two conditions. This review and meta-analysis was conducted to examine the potential association between low bone mineral density (BMD) and CAD in adults. Two authors searched for studies that examined the association between low BMD and CAD. Risk of bias assessment was conducted using the modified Newcastle Ottawa score. Ten studies were selected from the 2258 unique records identified. Pooled analysis showed a significant association between low BMD and CAD (OR 1.65, 95%CI 1.37-2.39, p < 0.01). Subgroup analysis investigating males and females separately was not significant. The subgroup analyses looking for any differences across geographic locations and differences between coronary imaging modalities were also negative. Studies with adjusted ORs (n = 4) were also pooled (OR 3.01, 95%CI 0.91-9.99, p = 0.07). Low BMD is associated with CAD; however, it is unclear whether this result is confounded by common risk factors given the heterogeneity between study populations and methodologies. Further large-scale epidemiological studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinmay Khandkar
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia.,The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kaivan Vaidya
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia.,The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Keyvan Karimi Galougahi
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia.,The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Heart Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sanjay Patel
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia.,The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Heart Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
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27
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Liu F, Cui X, Duan Y, Guo S, Liu J, Ying X. A new alkaloid from Portulaca oleracea L. and its anti-inflammatory activity. Nat Prod Res 2021; 36:4709-4713. [PMID: 34747290 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.2000984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A new alkaloid, identified as (E)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(pyridazin-3-yl)-acrylaldehyde, named oleradazine, was isolated from Portulaca oleracea L., and the structure was elucidated using spectroscopic methods, including 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic and UHPLC-ESI-QTOF/MS methods. In addition, the compound was used to investigate its anti-inflammatory activity in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages. It was suggested that the oleradazine can significantly inhibit the inflammatory factors, interleukin 1β and nitric oxide in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangxuan Liu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Xinyu Cui
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Yang Duan
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Shengnan Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Jinpeng Liu
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Dalian Center for Certification and Food and Drug Control, Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Xixiang Ying
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, P.R. China
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28
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Chen W, Yang X, Zhou Y, Ma Q, Wu X, Sha Y, Qian G. [Bax inhibitor-1 inhibits calcification of vascular smooth muscle cells in vitro]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2021; 41:1177-1182. [PMID: 34549708 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2021.08.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of Bax inhibitor-1(BI-1)on calcification of vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMCs). METHODS VSMCs were isolated from the thoracic aorta of SD rats.VSMCs or BI-1-overexpressing VSMCs(transfected with a BI-1-overexpressing plasmid) were cultured in normal medium or calcified medium containing β-glycerophosphate and calcium chloride, and the cell calcification was examined with Alizarin red staining.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine the intracellular calcium content and alkaline phosphatase activity.The expression levels of Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) and caspase-3 were detected with Western blotting. RESULTS After 14 days of culture in the calcified medium, the VSMCs showed significantly reduced expression of BI-1 protein(P=0.001).BI-1 overexpression in the VSMCs caused a significant reduction of calcium level and alkaline phosphatase activities(P=0.0006) and lowered the expression levels of RUNX2 and BMP-2 (P=0.0001) in the cells.The VSMCs with induced calcification exhibited a significantly increased apoptosis rate, but BI-1 overexpression obviously inhibited VSMC apoptosis in the calcified medium (P=0.0003). CONCLUSION BI-1 may attenuate vascular calcification by inhibiting calcium deposition, osteogenic differentiation and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine of Coronary Atherosclerotic Disease, Beijing 100029, China.,Department of Cardiology, Second Medical Center, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100853, China
| | - X Yang
- Department of Cardiology, First Medical Center, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Y Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine of Coronary Atherosclerotic Disease, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Q Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine of Coronary Atherosclerotic Disease, Beijing 100029, China
| | - X Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Second Medical Center, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Y Sha
- Department of Cardiology, Second Medical Center, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100853, China
| | - G Qian
- Department of Cardiology, First Medical Center, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100853, China
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29
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Amer AE, Shehatou GSG, El-Kashef HA, Nader MA, El-Sheakh AR. Flavocoxid Ameliorates Aortic Calcification Induced by Hypervitaminosis D 3 and Nicotine in Rats Via Targeting TNF-α, IL-1β, iNOS, and Osteogenic Runx2. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2021; 36:1047-1059. [PMID: 34309798 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-021-07227-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This research was designed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of flavocoxid (FCX) on vascular calcification (VC) in rats. METHODS Vitamin D3 and nicotine were administered to Wistar rats, which then received FCX (VC-FCX group) or its vehicle (VC group) for 4 weeks. Control and FCX groups served as controls. Systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressures, heart rate (HR), and left ventricular weight (LVW)/BW were measured. Serum concentrations of calcium, phosphate, creatinine, uric acid, and alkaline phosphatase were determined. Moreover, aortic calcium content and aortic expression of runt-related transcription factor (Runx2), osteopontin (OPN), Il-1β, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were assessed. Oxidative status in aortic homogenates was investigated. RESULTS Compared to untreated VC rats, FCX treatment prevented body weight loss, reduced aortic calcium deposition, restored normal values of SBP, DBP, and HR, and attenuated LV hypertrophy. FCX also improved renal function and ameliorated serum levels of phosphorus, calcium, and ALP in rats with VC. FCX abolished aortic lipid peroxidation in VC rats. Moreover, VC-FCX rats showed marked reductions in aortic levels of Il-1β and osteogenic marker (Runx2) and attenuated aortic expression of TNF-α, iNOS, and MMP-9 proteins compared to untreated VC rats. The expression of the smooth muscle lineage marker α-SMA was greatly enhanced in aortas from VC rats upon FCX treatment. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate FCX ability to attenuate VDN-induced aortic calcinosis in rats, suggesting its potential for preventing arteiocalcinosis in diabetic patients and those with chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed E Amer
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, International Coastal Road, Gamasa City, Dakahliya, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Dakahliya, Egypt
| | - George S G Shehatou
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, International Coastal Road, Gamasa City, Dakahliya, Egypt.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Dakahliya, Egypt.
| | - Hassan A El-Kashef
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, International Coastal Road, Gamasa City, Dakahliya, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Dakahliya, Egypt
| | - Manar A Nader
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Dakahliya, Egypt
| | - Ahmed R El-Sheakh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Dakahliya, Egypt
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30
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Osteoclast-Mediated Cell Therapy as an Attempt to Treat Elastin Specific Vascular Calcification. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26123643. [PMID: 34203711 PMCID: PMC8232296 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and stiffness in the arteries is referred to as vascular calcification. This process is a prevalent yet poorly understood consequence of cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus, comorbidities with few treatments clinically available. Because this is an active process similar to bone formation, it is hypothesized that osteoclasts (OCs), bone-resorbing cells in the body, could potentially work to reverse existing calcification by resorbing bone material. The receptor activator of nuclear kappa B-ligand (RANKL) is a molecule responsible for triggering a response in monocytes and macrophages that allows them to differentiate into functional OCs. In this study, OC and RANKL delivery were employed to determine whether calcification could be attenuated. OCs were either delivered via direct injection, collagen/alginate microbeads, or collagen gel application, while RANKL was delivered via injection, through either a porcine subdermal model or aortic injury model. While in vitro results yielded a decrease in calcification using OC therapy, in vivo delivery mechanisms did not provide control or regulation to keep cells localized long enough to induce calcification reduction. However, these results do provide context and direction for the future of OC therapy, revealing necessary steps for this treatment to effectively reduce calcification in vivo. The discrepancy between in vivo and in vitro success for OC therapy points to the need for a more stable and time-controlled delivery mechanism that will allow OCs not only to remain at the site of calcification, but also to be regulated so that they are healthy and functioning normally when introduced to diseased tissue.
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31
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Zhu Y, Han XQ, Sun XJ, Yang R, Ma WQ, Liu NF. Lactate accelerates vascular calcification through NR4A1-regulated mitochondrial fission and BNIP3-related mitophagy. Apoptosis 2021; 25:321-340. [PMID: 31993850 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-020-01592-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Arterial media calcification is related to mitochondrial dysfunction. Protective mitophagy delays the progression of vascular calcification. We previously reported that lactate accelerates osteoblastic phenotype transition of VSMC through BNIP3-mediated mitophagy suppression. In this study, we investigated the specific links between lactate, mitochondrial homeostasis, and vascular calcification. Ex vivo, alizarin S red and von Kossa staining in addition to measurement of calcium content, RUNX2, and BMP-2 protein levels revealed that lactate accelerated arterial media calcification. We demonstrated that lactate induced mitochondrial fission and apoptosis in aortas, whereas mitophagy was suppressed. In VSMCs, lactate increased NR4A1 expression, leading to activation of DNA-PKcs and p53. Lactate induced Drp1 migration to the mitochondria and enhanced mitochondrial fission through NR4A1. Western blot analysis of LC3-II and p62 and mRFP-GFP-LC3 adenovirus detection showed that NR4A1 knockdown was involved in enhanced autophagy flux. Furthermore, NR4A1 inhibited BNIP3-related mitophagy, which was confirmed by TOMM20 and BNIP3 protein levels, and LC3-II co-localization with TOMM20. The excessive fission and deficient mitophagy damaged mitochondrial structure and impaired respiratory function, determined by mPTP opening rate, mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial morphology under TEM, ATP production, and OCR, which was reversed by NR4A1 silencing. Mechanistically, lactate enhanced fission but halted mitophagy via activation of the NR4A1/DNA-PKcs/p53 pathway, evoking apoptosis, finally accelerating osteoblastic phenotype transition of VSMC and calcium deposition. This study suggests that the NR4A1/DNA-PKcs/p53 pathway is involved in the mechanism by which lactate accelerates vascular calcification, partly through excessive Drp-mediated mitochondrial fission and BNIP3-related mitophagy deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi-Qiong Han
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Jiao Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Yang
- Pharmaceutical Department, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Qi Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Nai-Feng Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.
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32
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Zhuang Y, Zhang C, Cheng M, Huang J, Liu Q, Yuan G, Lin K, Yu H. Challenges and strategies for in situ endothelialization and long-term lumen patency of vascular grafts. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:1791-1809. [PMID: 33336112 PMCID: PMC7721596 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular diseases are the most prevalent cause of ischemic necrosis of tissue and organ, which even result in dysfunction and death. Vascular regeneration or artificial vascular graft, as the conventional treatment modality, has received keen attentions. However, small-diameter (diameter < 4 mm) vascular grafts have a high risk of thrombosis and intimal hyperplasia (IH), which makes long-term lumen patency challengeable. Endothelial cells (ECs) form the inner endothelium layer, and are crucial for anti-coagulation and thrombogenesis. Thus, promoting in situ endothelialization in vascular graft remodeling takes top priority, which requires recruitment of endothelia progenitor cells (EPCs), migration, adhesion, proliferation and activation of EPCs and ECs. Chemotaxis aimed at ligands on EPC surface can be utilized for EPC homing, while nanofibrous structure, biocompatible surface and cell-capturing molecules on graft surface can be applied for cell adhesion. Moreover, cell orientation can be regulated by topography of scaffold, and cell bioactivity can be modulated by growth factors and therapeutic genes. Additionally, surface modification can also reduce thrombogenesis, and some drug release can inhibit IH. Considering the influence of macrophages on ECs and smooth muscle cells (SMCs), scaffolds loaded with drugs that can promote M2 polarization are alternative strategies. In conclusion, the advanced strategies for enhanced long-term lumen patency of vascular grafts are summarized in this review. Strategies for recruitment of EPCs, adhesion, proliferation and activation of EPCs and ECs, anti-thrombogenesis, anti-IH, and immunomodulation are discussed. Ideal vascular grafts with appropriate surface modification, loading and fabrication strategies are required in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhuang
- Department of Oral and Cranio-maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Chenglong Zhang
- Department of Oral and Cranio-maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Mengjia Cheng
- Department of Oral and Cranio-maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Jinyang Huang
- Department of Oral and Cranio-maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Qingcheng Liu
- Department of Oral and Cranio-maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Guangyin Yuan
- National Engineering Research Center of Light Alloy Net Forming & State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composite, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Kaili Lin
- Department of Oral and Cranio-maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Hongbo Yu
- Department of Oral and Cranio-maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China
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Hu CT, Shao YD, Liu YZ, Xiao X, Cheng ZB, Qu SL, Huang L, Zhang C. Oxidative stress in vascular calcification. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 519:101-110. [PMID: 33887264 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC), which is closely associated with significant mortality in cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and/or diabetes mellitus, is characterized by abnormal deposits of hydroxyapatite minerals in the arterial wall. The impact of oxidative stress (OS) on the onset and progression of VC has not been well described. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases, xanthine oxidases, myeloperoxidase (MPO), nitric oxide synthases (NOSs), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and paraoxonases (PONs) are relevant factors that influence the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, excess ROS-induced OS has emerged as a critical mediator promoting VC through several mechanisms, including phosphate balance, differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), inflammation, DNA damage, and extracellular matrix remodeling. Because OS is a significant regulator of VC, antioxidants may be considered as novel treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu-Ting Hu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China; Research Lab for Clinical & Translational Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China; Departments of Medical Laboratory, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Duo Shao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China; Research Lab for Clinical & Translational Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China; Departments of Stomatology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Zhang Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China; Research Lab for Clinical & Translational Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China; Departments of Clinical Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Xiao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China; Research Lab for Clinical & Translational Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China; Departments of Clinical Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe-Bin Cheng
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China; Research Lab for Clinical & Translational Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China; Departments of Stomatology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Shun-Lin Qu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Huang
- Research Lab for Clinical & Translational Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chi Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China.
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Li J, Deng J, Shang S, Liu G, Song W, Sun P, Jiang W, Pan K. Effect of Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide on calcification of human umbilical artery smooth muscle cells co-cultured with human periodontal ligament cells. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:655. [PMID: 33968185 PMCID: PMC8097230 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is an independent risk factor for coronary heart disease. Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (Pg-LPS) was considered to be one of the main virulence factors. In addition, vascular smooth muscle cells transform into osteoblast-like cells in an arterial calcification process under chronic inflammatory conditions. The present study aimed to determine the calcification induced by Pg-LPS in human umbilical artery smooth muscle cells (HUASMCs) co-cultured with human periodontal ligament cells (HPDLCs). An in vitro co-culture system was established using Transwell inserts. HUASMC proliferation and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity were measured with a Cell Counting Kit-8 and an ALP kit, respectively. Calcium nodule formation was detected using alizarin red S staining. The effects of Pg-LPS on the mRNA expression of the calcification genes of ALP, core-binding factor α1 (Runx2) and bone sialoprotein (BSP) were assessed using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. The results indicated that Pg-LPS increased HUASMC proliferation and ALP activity. Furthermore, among all of the groups, calcium nodule formation was most extensive in co-cultured cells in the mineralization-inducing medium containing Pg-LPS. In addition, the expression of specific osteogenic genes (Runx2, ALP and BSP) significantly increased in the presence of Pg-LPS and mineralization-inducing medium, which was further enhanced in co-culture with HPDLCs. In conclusion, co-culture with HPDLCs increased the effect of Pg-LPS to stimulate the calcification of HUASMCs. It was suggested that besides the inflammation, periodontitis may promote the occurrence of vascular calcification. The study indicated that periodontal treatment of subgingival scaling to reduce and/or control Porphyromonas gingivalis may decrease the occurrence or severity of vascular calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China.,School of Stomatology of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Jing Deng
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China.,School of Stomatology of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Shuxian Shang
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China.,School of Stomatology of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Guirong Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266011, P.R. China
| | - Wenbin Song
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China.,School of Stomatology of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Pei Sun
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China.,School of Stomatology of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Wenjing Jiang
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China.,School of Stomatology of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Keqing Pan
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China.,School of Stomatology of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
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Canet-Soulas E, Bessueille L, Mechtouff L, Magne D. The Elusive Origin of Atherosclerotic Plaque Calcification. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:622736. [PMID: 33768090 PMCID: PMC7985066 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.622736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been known for decades or even centuries that arteries calcify as they age. Vascular calcification probably affects all adults, since virtually all have atherosclerotic plaques: an accumulation of lipids, inflammatory cells, necrotic debris, and calcium phosphate crystals. A high vascular calcium score is associated with a high cardiovascular mortality risk, and relatively recent data suggest that even microcalcifications that form in early plaques may destabilize plaques and trigger a cardiovascular event. If the cellular and molecular mechanisms of plaque calcification have been relatively well characterized in mice, human plaques appear to calcify through different mechanisms that remain obscure. In this context, we will first review articles reporting the location and features of early calcifications in human plaques and then review the articles that explored the mechanisms though which human and mouse plaques calcify.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Canet-Soulas
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRA, INSA Lyon, University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Laurence Bessueille
- ICBMS, CNRS, INSA Lyon, CPE, University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Laura Mechtouff
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRA, INSA Lyon, University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Stroke Department, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - David Magne
- ICBMS, CNRS, INSA Lyon, CPE, University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
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Liu Y, Zhang X, Xie X, Yang X, Liu H, Tang R, Liu B. Risk factors for calciphylaxis in Chinese hemodialysis patients: a matched case-control study. Ren Fail 2021; 43:406-416. [PMID: 33641601 PMCID: PMC7927988 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2021.1884094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Calciphylaxis is a rare but potentially fatal disease commonly occurred in dialysis patients. Despite some previous studies on risk factors for calciphylaxis, there is still a lack of data from Chinese population. Methods The retrospective matched case–control study about calciphylaxis was performed in Zhongda Hospital affiliated to Southeast University. The case group involved 20 hemodialysis patients who were newly diagnosed with calciphylaxis from October 2017 to December 2018. The 40 noncalciphylaxis patients undergoing dialysis with the same age and duration of dialysis were randomly selected as controls. Results Most of calciphylaxis patients were male and elderly, while overweight people were more susceptible to the disease. Although incidence of secondary hyperparathyroidism was higher in calciphylaxis patients, the differences in duration of elevated serum intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) and its highest value did not reach statistical significance compared with controls. No significant difference in warfarin therapy was discernible between two groups. The univariate regression analysis indicated that male, score of use of activated vitamin D and its analogues, corrected serum calcium level, serum phosphate, Ca × P product, iPTH, albumin, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) level were significantly associated with calciphylaxis. Elevated levels of serum phosphate (OR 4.584, p = 0.027) and ALP (OR 1.179, p = 0.036), decreased level of serum albumin (OR 1.330, p = 0.013) were independent risk factors after multivariate analysis. Conclusion This is the first report of risk factors associated with calciphylaxis in China. Increased levels of serum phosphate and ALP, decreased level of serum albumin were vital high-risk factors for calciphylaxis in Chinese hemodialysis population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqiu Liu
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University, School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoliang Zhang
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University, School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaotong Xie
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University, School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University, School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University, School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Rining Tang
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University, School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Bicheng Liu
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University, School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Systemic immune-inflammation index and incident cardiovascular diseases among middle-aged and elderly Chinese adults: The Dongfeng-Tongji cohort study. Atherosclerosis 2021; 323:20-29. [PMID: 33773161 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2021.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) has been recently investigated as a novel inflammatory and prognostic marker. SII may be used as an indicator reflecting the progressive inflammatory process in atherosclerosis, although its link to incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) has not been examined in previous studies. This study aims to prospectively assess the association of SII with incident CVD and its main subtypes in Chinese adults. METHODS Using data from the Dongfeng-Tongji cohort study, 13,929 middle-aged and older adults with a mean age of 62.56 years (range 35-91 years), who were free of CVD and cancer, were included for analysis. The baseline study was conducted in Shiyan city, Hubei province from 2008 to 2009. The SII was calculated as platelet count (/L) × neutrophil count (/L)/lymphocyte count (/L). Cox regression models were used to examine the associations of SII with incident CVD, including stroke and coronary heart disease (CHD). RESULTS Over a median 8.28 years (maximum 8.98 years) of follow-up, 3386 total CVD cases, including 801 stroke cases and 2585 total CHD cases, were identified. In multivariable Cox regression analyses, higher levels of log-transformed SII were significantly associated with total stroke (HR 1.224, 95% CI 1.065-1.407) and ischemic stroke (HR 1.234, 95% CI 1.055-1.442). For those participants with the highest quartiles of SII versus the lowest quartiles of SII, the HRs were 1.358 (95% CI 1.112-1.658) for total stroke, 1.302 (95% CI 1.041-1.629) for ischemic stroke, and 1.600 (95% CI 1.029-2.490) for hemorrhagic stroke. CONCLUSIONS SII may serve as a useful marker to elucidate the role of the interaction of thrombocytosis, inflammation, and immunity in the development of cerebrovascular diseases in the middle-aged and elderly population.
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Zheng M, Guo J, Li Q, Yang J, Han Y, Yang H, Yu M, Zhong L, Lu D, Li L, Sun L. Syntheses and characterization of anti-thrombotic and anti-oxidative Gastrodin-modified polyurethane for vascular tissue engineering. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:404-419. [PMID: 32995669 PMCID: PMC7486448 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular grafts must avoid negative inflammatory responses and thrombogenesis to prohibit fibrotic deposition immediately upon implantation and promote the regeneration of small diameter blood vessels (<6 mm inner diameter). Here, polyurethane (PU) elastomers incorporating anti-coagulative and anti-inflammatory Gastrodin were fabricated. The films had inter-connected pores with porosities equal to or greater than 86% and pore sizes ranging from 250 to 400 μm. Incorporation of Gastrodin into PU films resulted in desirable mechanical properties, hydrophilicity, swelling ratios and degradation rates without collapse. The released Gastrodin maintained bioactivity over 21 days as assessed by its anti-oxidative capability. The Gastrodin/PU had better anti-coagulation response (less observable BSA, fibrinogen and platelet adhesion/activation and suppressed clotting in whole blood). Red blood cell compatibility, measured by hemolysis, was greatly improved with 2Gastrodin/PU compared to other Gastrodin/PU groups. Notably, Gastrodin/PU upregulated anti-oxidant factors Nrf2 and HO-1 expression in H2O2 treated HUVECs, correlated with decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β in RAW 264.7 cells. Upon implantation in a subcutaneous pocket, PU was encapsulated by an obvious fibrous capsule, concurrent with a large amount of inflammatory cell infiltration, while Gastrodin/PU induced a thinner fibrous capsule, especially 2Gastrodin/PU. Further, enhanced adhesion and proliferation of HUVECs seeded onto films in vitro demonstrated that 2Gastrodin/PU could help cell recruitment, as evidenced by rapid host cell infiltration and substantial blood vessel formation in vivo. These results indicate that 2Gastrodin/PU has the potential to facilitate blood vessel regeneration, thus providing new insight into the development of clinically effective vascular grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zheng
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Science and Technology Achievement Incubation Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Jiazhi Guo
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Science and Technology Achievement Incubation Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Qing Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Science and Technology Achievement Incubation Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Materials Research Institute, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Yi Han
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Science and Technology Achievement Incubation Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Hongcai Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Mali Yu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Science and Technology Achievement Incubation Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Lianmei Zhong
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Di Lu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Science and Technology Achievement Incubation Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Limei Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Science and Technology Achievement Incubation Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, China
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Chai S, Chen Y, Xin S, Yuan N, Liu Y, Sun J, Meng X, Qi Y. Positive Association of Leptin and Artery Calcification of Lower Extremity in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Pilot Study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:583575. [PMID: 34093426 PMCID: PMC8170469 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.583575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to explore the role and possible mechanism of leptin in lower-extremity artery calcification in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS We recruited 59 male patients with T2DM and 39 non-diabetic male participants. All participants underwent computed tomography scan of lower-extremity arteries. The calcification scores (CSs) were analyzed by standardized software. Plasma leptin level was determined by radioimmunoassay kits. Human vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) calcification model was established by beta-glycerophosphate and calcium chlorideinduction. Calcium deposition and mineralization were measured by the o-cresolphthalein complexone method and Alizarin Red staining. The mRNA expression of bone morphogenic protein 2 (BMP2), runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), osteocalcin (OCN) and osteopontin (OPN) was determined by quantitative RT-PCR. The protein levels of BMP2, Runx2, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and (p)-Akt was determined by Western-blot analysis, and α-SMA was also measured by immunofluorescence analysis. RESULTS Compared with controls, patients with T2DM showed higher median calcification score in lower-extremity artery [286.50 (IQR 83.41, 1082.00) vs 68.66 (3.41, 141.30), p<0.01]. Plasma leptin level was higher in patients with calcification score ≥300 than ≥100 (252.67 ± 98.57 vs 189.38 ± 44.19 pg/ml, p<0.05). Compared with calcification medium, intracellular calcium content was significantly increased in VSMCs treated by leptin (200, 400 and 800 ng/ml) combined with calcification medium [11.99 ± 3.63, 15.18 ± 4.55, and 24.14 ± 5.85 mg/ml, respectively, vs 7.27 ± 1.54 mg/ml, all p<0.01]. Compared with calcification medium, Alizarin Red staining showed calcium disposition was more obvious, and the mRNA level of BMP2, Runx2 and OCN was significantly increased, and immunofluorescence and Western blot analysis showed that the expression of α-SMA was downregulated in VSMCs treated by leptin (400 ng/ml) combined with calcification medium, respectively. Compared with calcification medium, the protein level of BMP2 and Runx2 was upregulated in VSMCs treated by leptin (400 ng/ml) combined with calcification medium. Moreover, blocking PI3K/Akt signaling pathway can decrease the protein expression of BMP2 and Runx2 in VSMCs treated by leptin (400 ng/ml) combined with calcification medium. CONCLUSIONS Leptin promoted lower-extremity artery calcification of T2DM by upregulating the expression of BMP2 and Runx2, and regulating phenotypic switch of VSMCs via PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- SanBao Chai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Bioactive Molecule, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - SiXu Xin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - YuFang Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - JianBin Sun
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - XiangYu Meng
- The Central Laboratory, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: XiangYu Meng, ; YongFen Qi,
| | - YongFen Qi
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Bioactive Molecule, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: XiangYu Meng, ; YongFen Qi,
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The Crosstalk between Calcium Ions and Aldosterone Contributes to Inflammation, Apoptosis, and Calcification of VSMC via the AIF-1/NF- κB Pathway in Uremia. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:3431597. [PMID: 33343805 PMCID: PMC7732390 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3431597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Vascular calcification is a major complication of maintenance hemodialysis patients. Studies have confirmed that calcification mainly occurs in the vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) of the vascular media. However, the exact pathogenesis of VSMC calcification is still unknown. This study shows that the crosstalk between calcium and aldosterone via the allograft inflammatory factor 1 (AIF-1) pathway contributes to calcium homeostasis and VSMC calcification, which is a novel mechanism of vascular calcification in uremia. In vivo results showed that the level of aldosterone and inflammatory factors increased in calcified arteries, whereas no significant changes were observed in peripheral blood. However, the expression of inflammatory factors markedly increased in the peripheral blood of uremic rats without aortic calcification and gradually returned to normal levels with aggravation of aortic calcification. In vitro results showed that there was an interaction between calcium ions and aldosterone in macrophages or VSMC. Calcium induced aldosterone synthesis, and in turn, aldosterone also triggered intracellular calcium content upregulation in macrophages or VSMC. Furthermore, activated macrophages induced inflammation, apoptosis, and calcification of VSMC. Activated VSMC also imparted a similar effect on untreated VSMC. Finally, AIF-1 enhanced aldosterone- or calcium-induced VSMC calcification, and NF-κB inhibitors inhibited the effect of AIF-1 on VSMC. These in vivo and in vitro results suggest that the crosstalk between calcium ions and aldosterone plays an important role in VSMC calcification in uremia via the AIF-1/NF-κB pathway. Local calcified VSMC induced the same pathological process in surrounding VSMC, thereby contributing to calcium homeostasis and accelerating vascular calcification.
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Wang G, Zhan Q, Wu H. Suppression of lipopolysaccharide-induced activation of RAW 264.7 macrophages by Se-methylseleno-l-cysteine. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 89:107040. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Nugent S, Potvin O, Cunnane SC, Chen TH, Duchesne S. Associating Type 2 Diabetes Risk Factor Genes and FDG-PET Brain Metabolism in Normal Aging and Alzheimer's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:580633. [PMID: 33192474 PMCID: PMC7661639 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.580633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Several studies have linked type 2 diabetes (T2D) to an increased risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This has led to an interest in using antidiabetic treatments for the prevention of AD. However, the underlying mechanisms explaining the relationship between T2D and AD have not been completely elucidated. Objective: Our objective was to examine cerebral 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake during normal aging and in AD patients in regions associated with diabetes genetic risk factor expression to highlight which genes may serve as potential targets for pharmaceutical intervention. Methods: We calculated regional glucose metabolism differences in units of standardized uptake values (SUVR) for 386 cognitively healthy adults and 335 clinically probable AD patients. We then proceeded to extract gene-expression data from the publicly available Allen Human Brain Atlas (HBA) database. We used the nearest genes to 46 AD- and T2D-associated SNPs previously identified in the literature, and mapped their expression to the same 34 cortical regions in which we calculated SUVRs. SNPs with a donor consistency of 0.40 or greater were selected for further analysis. We evaluated the associations between SUVR and gene-expression across the brain. Results: Of the 46 risk-factor genes, 15 were found to be significantly correlated with FDG-PET brain metabolism in healthy adults and probable AD patients after correction for multiple comparisons. Using multiple regression, we found that five genes explained a total of 72.5% of the SUVR variance across the healthy adult group regions, while four genes explained a total of 79.3% of the SUVR variance across the probable AD group regions. There were significant differences in whole-brain SUVR as a function of allele frequencies for two genes. Conclusions: These results highlight the association between risk factor genes for T2D and regional glucose metabolism during both normal aging and in probable AD. Highlighted genes were associated with mitochondrial stability, vascular maintenance, and glucose intolerance. Pharmacological intervention of these pathways has the potential to improve glucose metabolism during normal again as well as in AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Nugent
- Centre de Recherche CERVO de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Olivier Potvin
- Centre de Recherche CERVO de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Stephen C Cunnane
- Research Center on Aging, Health and Social Sciences Center, Geriatrics Institute, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Ting-Huei Chen
- Centre de Recherche CERVO de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada.,Département de Mathématiques et Statistiques, Faculté des Sciences et de génie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Simon Duchesne
- Centre de Recherche CERVO de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada.,Département de Radiologie et Médecine Nucléaire, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
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Omarjee L, Mention PJ, Janin A, Kauffenstein G, Le Pabic E, Meilhac O, Blanchard S, Navasiolava N, Leftheriotis G, Couturier O, Jeannin P, Lacoeuille F, Martin L. Assessment of Inflammation and Calcification in Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum Arteries and Skin with 18F-FluroDeoxyGlucose and 18F-Sodium Fluoride Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography Imaging: The GOCAPXE Trial. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9113448. [PMID: 33120982 PMCID: PMC7692997 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9113448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) is an inherited metabolic disease characterized by elastic fiber fragmentation and ectopic calcification. There is growing evidence that vascular calcification is associated with inflammatory status and is enhanced by inflammatory cytokines. Since PXE has never been considered as an inflammatory condition, no incidence of chronic inflammation leading to calcification in PXE has been reported and should be investigated. In atherosclerosis and aortic stenosis, positron emission tomography combined with computed tomographic (PET-CT) imaging has demonstrated a correlation between inflammation and calcification. The purpose of this study was to assess skin/artery inflammation and calcification in PXE patients. Methods: 18F-FluroDeoxyGlucose (18F-FDG) and 18F-Sodium Fluoride (18F-NaF) PET-CT, CT-imaging and Pulse wave velocity (PWV) were used to determine skin/vascular inflammation, tissue calcification, arterial calcium score (CS) and stiffness, respectively. In addition, inorganic pyrophosphate, high-sensitive C-reactive protein and cytokines plasma levels were monitored. Results: In 23 PXE patients, assessment of inflammation revealed significant 18F-FDG uptake in diseased skin areas contrary to normal regions, and exclusively in the proximal aorta contrary to the popliteal arteries. There was no correlation between 18F-FDG uptake and PWV in the aortic wall. Assessment of calcification demonstrated significant 18F-NaF uptake in diseased skin regions and in the proximal aorta and femoral arteries. 18F-NaF wall uptake correlated with CS in the femoral arteries, and aortic wall PWV. Multivariate analysis indicated that aortic wall 18F-NaF uptake is associated with diastolic blood pressure. There was no significant correlation between 18F-FDG and 18F-NaF uptake in any of the artery walls. Conclusion: In the present cross-sectional study, inflammation and calcification were not correlated. PXE would appear to more closely resemble a chronic disease model of ectopic calcification than an inflammatory condition. To assess early ectopic calcification in PXE patients, 18F-NaF-PET-CT may be more relevant than CT imaging. It potentially constitutes a biomarker for disease-modifying anti-calcifying drug assessment in PXE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loukman Omarjee
- Vascular Medicine Department, French National Health and Medical Research (Inserm), Clinical Investigation Center (CIC) 1414, University of Rennes 1, 35033 Rennes, France
- Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum (PXE) Clinical and Research Vascular Center, CHU Rennes, 35033 Rennes, France
- NuMeCan Institute, Exogenous and Endogenous Stress and Pathological Responses in Hepato-Gastrointestinal Diseases (EXPRES) team, French national health and medical research (Inserm) U1241, University of Rennes 1, 35033 Rennes, France
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +33-(0)-62-749-7051
| | - Pierre-Jean Mention
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Angers University Hospital, 49100 Angers, France; (P.-J.M.); (O.C.); (F.L.)
| | - Anne Janin
- Sorbonne University Paris Nord, INSERM, U942, Cardiovascular Markers in Stressed Conditions, MASCOT, F- 93000 Bobigny, France;
| | - Gilles Kauffenstein
- MitoVasc Institute Mixed Research Unit: National Centre for Scientific Research, CNRS 6015, French National Health and Medical Research, Inserm U1083, Angers University, 49100 Angers, France; (G.K.); (N.N.); (L.M.)
| | - Estelle Le Pabic
- CHU Rennes, French National Health and Medical Research (Inserm), Clinical Investigation Center (CIC) 1414, 35000 Rennes, France;
| | - Olivier Meilhac
- University of Reunion Island, INSERM, UMR 1188 Reunion, Indian Ocean diabetic atherothrombosis therapies (DéTROI), CHU de La Réunion, 97400 Saint-Denis de La Réunion, France;
| | - Simon Blanchard
- Regional Center for Research in Cancerology and Immunology Nantes/Angers, CRCINA, Angers University, 49100 Angers, France; (S.B.); (P.J.)
- Immunology and Allergology Department, CHU Angers, Angers University, 49100 Angers, France
| | - Nastassia Navasiolava
- MitoVasc Institute Mixed Research Unit: National Centre for Scientific Research, CNRS 6015, French National Health and Medical Research, Inserm U1083, Angers University, 49100 Angers, France; (G.K.); (N.N.); (L.M.)
- PXE Reference Center (MAGEC Nord), University Hospital of Angers, 49100 Angers, France
| | | | - Olivier Couturier
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Angers University Hospital, 49100 Angers, France; (P.-J.M.); (O.C.); (F.L.)
- GLIAD Team (Design and Application of Innovative Local Treatments in Glioblastoma), INSERM UMR 1232, CRCINA, CEDEX 9, 49933 Angers, France
| | - Pascale Jeannin
- Regional Center for Research in Cancerology and Immunology Nantes/Angers, CRCINA, Angers University, 49100 Angers, France; (S.B.); (P.J.)
- Immunology and Allergology Department, CHU Angers, Angers University, 49100 Angers, France
| | - Franck Lacoeuille
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Angers University Hospital, 49100 Angers, France; (P.-J.M.); (O.C.); (F.L.)
- GLIAD Team (Design and Application of Innovative Local Treatments in Glioblastoma), INSERM UMR 1232, CRCINA, CEDEX 9, 49933 Angers, France
| | - Ludovic Martin
- MitoVasc Institute Mixed Research Unit: National Centre for Scientific Research, CNRS 6015, French National Health and Medical Research, Inserm U1083, Angers University, 49100 Angers, France; (G.K.); (N.N.); (L.M.)
- PXE Reference Center (MAGEC Nord), University Hospital of Angers, 49100 Angers, France
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Amer AE, El-Sheakh AR, Hamed MF, El-Kashef HA, Nader MA, Shehatou GSG. Febuxostat attenuates vascular calcification induced by vitamin D3 plus nicotine in rats. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 156:105580. [PMID: 33010420 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study was undertaken to investigate the possible ameliorative influences of febuxostat (FEB) on vitamin D3 plus nicotine (VDN)-induced vascular calcification (VC) in Wistar rats. VDN rats received a single dose of vitamin D3 (300.000 IU/kg, I.M) and two oral doses of nicotine (25 mg/kg) on day 1. They were then administrated FEB, in two doses (10 and 15 mg/kg/day, orally), or the drug vehicle, for 4 weeks. Age-matched normal rats served as control. At the end of the experiment, body weight, kidney function parameters, serum ionic composition, cardiovascular measures, aortic calcium deposition and aortic levels of oxidative stress markers, interleukin 1β (IL-1β), runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and osteopontin (OPN) were determined. Aortic immunoexpressions of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) were evaluated. FEB significantly restored body weight loss, ameliorated kidney function and diminished serum disturbances of calcium and phosphorus in VDN rats. Moreover, FEB reduced VDN-induced elevations in aortic calcium deposition, SBP and DBP. FEB (15 mg/kg) markedly decreased left ventricular hypertrophy and bradycardia in VDN group. Mechanistically, FEB dose-dependently improved oxidative damage, decreased levels of IL-1β and Runx2, lessened expression of TNF-α, iNOS and MMP-9 and enhanced expression of OPN and α-SMA in VDN aortas relative to controls. These findings indicate that FEB, mainly at the higher administered dose (15 mg/kg), successfully attenuated VDN-induced VC. FEB may be useful in reducing VC in patients at high risk, including those with chronic kidney disease and diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed E Amer
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, International Coastal Road, Gamasa City, Dakahliya, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Dakahliya, Egypt
| | - Ahmed R El-Sheakh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Dakahliya, Egypt
| | - Mohamed F Hamed
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Dakahliya, Egypt
| | - Hassan A El-Kashef
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, International Coastal Road, Gamasa City, Dakahliya, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Dakahliya, Egypt
| | - Manar A Nader
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Dakahliya, Egypt
| | - George S G Shehatou
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, International Coastal Road, Gamasa City, Dakahliya, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Dakahliya, Egypt.
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45
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Aoi S, Baber U, Kovacic JC, Mehran R, Aquino M, Dangas G, Sweeny J, Vijay P, Shah S, Barman N, Moreno P, Kini AS, Sharma SK. Combined and independent impact of coronary artery calcification and inflammation on risk for adverse cardiovascular events after percutaneous coronary intervention: Results from a large single-center registry. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2020; 96:E278-E286. [PMID: 32087000 DOI: 10.1002/ccd.28784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Our study investigated the impact of coronary artery calcification (CAC) and systemic inflammation on risks for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). BACKGROUND CAC and systemic inflammation are known to be associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events. METHODS A total of 17,711 consecutive patients who underwent PCI in our hospital between January 1, 2009 and December 31, 2015 were categorized according to the degree of CAC (moderate/severe vs. none/mild) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) level (≥2 vs. <2 mg/L). MACE was defined as death, myocardial infarction (MI), or target vessel revascularization (TVR) occurring over 1 year. RESULTS Within the four groups, patients with both moderate/severe CAC and elevated hsCRP (n = 1,814 [10.2%]) were older with more comorbid risk factors compared to those with moderate/severe CAC alone (n = 1,687 [9.5%]), elevated hsCRP alone (n = 7,597 [42.9%]) or neither abnormality (n = 6,613 [37.3%]). The analogous 1-year MACE rates were 21.2, 14.9, 11.5, and 7.8%, respectively (p-trend < .001). Results were unchanged after multivariable adjustment, suggesting synergistic adverse effects in patients with both CAC and elevated hsCRP. CONCLUSIONS The presence of both moderate/severe CAC and systemic inflammation confers a synergistic effect on risk for MACE following PCI, indicating the need for novel or more intense therapeutic interventions to mitigate risk in such patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Aoi
- Department of Cardiology, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, New York
| | - Usman Baber
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Jason C Kovacic
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Roxana Mehran
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Melissa Aquino
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - George Dangas
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Joseph Sweeny
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Pooja Vijay
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Srushti Shah
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Nitin Barman
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Pedro Moreno
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Annapoorna S Kini
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Samin K Sharma
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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Danial JSH, Murad F, Saez AJG, Moawad MR, Urrico GS, Vancheri F, Henein MY. Computed Histological Quantification of Atherosclerotic Plaque Microcalcifications. Angiology 2020; 71:916-919. [PMID: 32633543 DOI: 10.1177/0003319720939466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation has a central role in atherosclerotic plaque formation and rupture. Intense macrophage inflammatory activity results in microcalcifications which are strongly associated with plaque vulnerability. Microcalcifications with specific critical size between 5 and 65 μ, located in the fibrous cap producing local mechanical stress on the plaque surface and may directly contribute to plaque rupture. Hence, accurate assessment of microcalcifications size and dimension has significant clinical importance. Current invasive and noninvasive plaque imaging has limited spatial resolution which limits accurate definition of microcalcifications in the atherosclerotic plaques. We describe a new imaging technique with high spatial resolution, based on confocal microscopic analysis, using a dedicated software which allows automatic characterization of microcalcifications and quantitative assessment of their extent and localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S H Danial
- Department of Chemistry, 2152University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Fabronia Murad
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | - Magdy R Moawad
- Speciality Clinical Lead for Vascular Surgery, Ashford and St Peter's Hospitals, Chertsey, UK
| | - Giovanni S Urrico
- Department of Pathology, 455411S. Elia Hospital, Caltanissetta, Italy
| | - Federico Vancheri
- Department of Internal Medicine, 455411S. Elia Hospital, Caltanissetta, Italy
| | - Michael Y Henein
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umea University, Umea, Sweden.,Department of Fluid Mechanics, Brunel University, Middlesex, UK.,Molecular and Nuclear Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, UK
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Jung CH, Mok JO. Recent Updates on Vascular Complications in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2020; 35:260-271. [PMID: 32615710 PMCID: PMC7386121 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2020.35.2.260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are at an increased risk of morbidity and mortality from atherosclerotic cardiovascular (CV) complications. Previously, the concept that diabetes mellitus (DM) is a "coronary artery disease (CAD) risk equivalent" was widely accepted, implying that all DM patients should receive intensive management. However, considerable evidence exist for wide heterogeneity in the risk of CV events among T2DM patients and the concept of a "CAD risk equivalent" has changed. Recent guidelines recommend further CV risk stratification in T2DM patients, with treatment tailored to the risk level. Although imaging modalities for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) have been used to improve risk prediction, there is currently no evidence that imaging-oriented therapy improves clinical outcomes. Therefore, controversy remains whether we should screen for CVD in asymptomatic T2DM. The coexistence of T2DM and heart failure (HF) is common. Based on recent CV outcome trials, sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors and glucagon like peptide-1 receptor agonists are recommended who have established ASCVD, indicators of high risk, or HF because of their demonstrated benefits for CVD. These circumstances have led to an increasing emphasis on ASCVD and HF in T2DM patients. In this review, we examine the literature published within the last 5 years on the risk assessment of CVD in asymptomatic T2DM patients. In particular, we review recent guidelines regarding screening for CVD and research focusing on the role of coronary artery calcium, coronary computed tomography angiography, and carotid intima-media thickness in asymptomatic T2DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan-Hee Jung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Ji-Oh Mok
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon, Korea
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Pang H, Xiao L, Lu Z, Chen H, Shang Z, Jiang N, Wang X, Wei F, Jiang A, Chen Y, Niu Y. Targeting androgen receptor in macrophages inhibits phosphate-induced vascular smooth muscle cell calcification by decreasing IL-6 expression. Vascul Pharmacol 2020; 130:106681. [PMID: 32387336 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2020.106681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) is a common complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, its mechanisms remain unclear. VC, similar to atherosclerosis, is an inflammatory disease. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) play a key role in VC progression. The androgen receptor (AR) in monocytes/macrophages plays an important role in inflammatory diseases. Here, we define the role of macrophage (MФ) AR in inorganic phosphate-induced VSMC calcification. Our results show that the conditioning medium (CM) of silencing AR in macrophages inhibits inorganic phosphate-induced human aortic smooth muscle cell (HASMC) calcification, and alleviates the transdifferentiation of HASMCs into osteoblasts for the protein expression of osteoblasts marker Runt-related transcription factor-2 (Runx2) in HASMCs decreased while that of smooth muscle cell marker SM22α increased. The effect of AR on HASMC calcification might mainly be mediated by the inflammatory cytokine IL-6. Silencing AR in monocytes/macrophages can dramatically decrease IL-6 expression. We also investigated how macrophage AR regulates IL-6. ChIP and luciferase assays indicate that AR directly binds to the ARE sequence in the promoter of the IL-6 gene to accelerate transcription and expression. To our knowledge, this is the first investigation that has established the correlation between AR and VC and identified the contribution of AR in the calcification of VSMCs. In addition, this study describes a novel target for therapeutic intervention in VC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Pang
- The Kidney Diseases and Blood Purification Center, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin Medical University Second Hospital, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Longfei Xiao
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin Medical University Second Hospital, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Zhi Lu
- The Kidney Diseases and Blood Purification Center, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin Medical University Second Hospital, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Haiyan Chen
- The Kidney Diseases and Blood Purification Center, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin Medical University Second Hospital, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Zhiqun Shang
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin Medical University Second Hospital, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Ning Jiang
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin Medical University Second Hospital, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin Medical University Second Hospital, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Fang Wei
- The Kidney Diseases and Blood Purification Center, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin Medical University Second Hospital, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Aili Jiang
- The Kidney Diseases and Blood Purification Center, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin Medical University Second Hospital, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Yegang Chen
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin Medical University Second Hospital, Tianjin 300211, China.
| | - Yuanjie Niu
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin Medical University Second Hospital, Tianjin 300211, China.
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Johnson M, Brook JR, Brook RD, Oiamo TH, Luginaah I, Peters PA, Spence JD. Traffic-Related Air Pollution and Carotid Plaque Burden in a Canadian City With Low-Level Ambient Pollution. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e013400. [PMID: 32237976 PMCID: PMC7428640 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.013400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background The association between fine particulate matter and cardiovascular disease has been convincingly demonstrated. The role of traffic‐related air pollutants is less clear. To better understand the role of traffic‐related air pollutants in cardiovascular disease development, we examined associations between NO2, carotid atherosclerotic plaque, and cardiometabolic disorders associated with cardiovascular disease. Methods and Results Cross‐sectional analyses were conducted among 2227 patients (62.9±13.8 years; 49.5% women) from the Stroke Prevention and Atherosclerosis Research Centre (SPARC) in London, Ontario, Canada. Total carotid plaque area measured by ultrasound, cardiometabolic disorders, and residential locations were provided by SPARC medical records. Long‐term outdoor residential NO2 concentrations were generated by a land use regression model. Associations between NO2, total carotid plaque area, and cardiometabolic disorders were examined using multiple regression models adjusted for age, sex, smoking, and socioeconomic status. Mean NO2 was 5.4±1.6 ppb in London, Ontario. NO2 was associated with a significant increase in plaque (3.4 mm2 total carotid plaque area per 1 ppb NO2), exhibiting a linear dose‐response. NO2 was also positively associated with triglycerides, total cholesterol, and the ratio of low‐ to high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (P<0.05). Diabetes mellitus mediated the relationship between NO2 and total carotid plaque area (P<0.05). Conclusions Our results demonstrate that even low levels of traffic‐related air pollutants are linked to atherosclerotic plaque burden, an association that may be partially attributable to pollution‐induced diabetes mellitus. Our findings suggest that reducing ambient concentrations in cities with NO2 below current standards would result in additional health benefits. Given the billions of people exposed to traffic emissions, our study supports the global public health significance of reducing air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markey Johnson
- Air Health Science Division Health Canada Ottawa Ontario Canada
| | - Jeffrey R Brook
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health and Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry University of Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Robert D Brook
- Department of Internal Medicine University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI
| | - Tor H Oiamo
- Department of Geography and Environmental Studies Ryerson University Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Isaac Luginaah
- Department of Geography Western University London Ontario Canada
| | - Paul A Peters
- Department of Health Sciences Carleton University Ottawa Ontario Canada
| | - J David Spence
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Pharmacology Western University London Ontario Canada.,Stroke Prevention and Atherosclerosis Research Centre Robarts Research Institute Western University London Ontario Canada
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Opdebeeck B, D’Haese PC, Verhulst A. Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms that Induce Arterial Calcification by Indoxyl Sulfate and P-Cresyl Sulfate. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12010058. [PMID: 31963891 PMCID: PMC7020422 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12010058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein-bound uremic toxins, indoxyl sulfate (IS) and p-cresyl sulfate (PCS), are considered to be harmful vascular toxins. Arterial media calcification, or the deposition of calcium phosphate crystals in the arteries, contributes significantly to cardiovascular complications, including left ventricular hypertrophy, hypertension, and impaired coronary perfusion in the elderly and patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and diabetes. Recently, we reported that both IS and PCS trigger moderate to severe calcification in the aorta and peripheral vessels of CKD rats. This review describes the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which these uremic toxins induce arterial media calcification. A complex interplay between inflammation, coagulation, and lipid metabolism pathways, influenced by epigenetic factors, is crucial in IS/PCS-induced arterial media calcification. High levels of glucose are linked to these events, suggesting that a good balance between glucose and lipid levels might be important. On the cellular level, effects on endothelial cells, which act as the primary sensors of circulating pathological triggers, might be as important as those on vascular smooth muscle cells. Endothelial dysfunction, provoked by IS and PCS triggered oxidative stress, may be considered a key event in the onset and development of arterial media calcification. In this review a number of important outstanding questions such as the role of miRNA’s, phenotypic switching of both endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells and new types of programmed cell death in arterial media calcification related to protein-bound uremic toxins are put forward and discussed.
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