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Promising Anticancer Activity of β-Carboline Derivatives: Design, Synthesis, and Pharmacological Evaluation. CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemistry4040091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
β-carboline consists of a pyridine ring fused to an indole skeleton; it possesses numerous pharmacological activities, including anticancer. Previously, we reported a satisfactory 2D and 3D QSAR study on β-carboline derivatives. Based on QSAR studies, we designed, synthesized, characterized, and screened fourteen β-carboline derivatives for anticancer activity. Eleven of them demonstrated potent anticancer activity against both liver (HepG2) and adenocarcinoma (A549) cell lines. Compound 1-(N, N-dimethylbenzenamine)-3-(4-(p-tolylmethanimine)-5-thio-1, 2, 4-triazol-3-yl) β-carboline (9) was found to be most potent against both cancer cell lines and equipotent towards standard drug Adriamycin. Compounds 1-(p-tolyl)-3-(4-(p-(iminomethyl)-N, N-dimethylbenzenamine) -5-thio-1, 2, 4-triazol-3-yl) β-carboline (4) and 1-(N, N-dimethylbenzenamine)-3-(4-(m-tolylmethanimine)-5-thio-1, 2, 4-triazol-3-yl) β-carboline (10) were found to be 7 to 10 times less potent as compared to Adriamycin against the HepG2 cell line. Molecular docking was also performed with the Glide docking program to explore the binding mode between the synthesized β-carboline derivatives and the receptor CDK2 [1AQ1] protein.
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Abdelaziz OA, Othman DIA, Abdel-Aziz MM, Badr SMI, Eisa HM. Novel diaryl ether derivatives as InhA inhibitors: Design, synthesis and antimycobacterial activity. Bioorg Chem 2022; 129:106125. [PMID: 36126606 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A new series of triclosan (TCL)-mimicking diaryl ether derivatives 7-25 were synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of enoyl acyl carrier protein reductase InhA enzyme. In addition, these derivatives were screened as inhibitors of drug-susceptible (DS), multidrug-resistant (MDR), and extensive drug-resistant (XDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) strains. Most compounds exihibted superior anti-TB activities and improved ClogP compared to TCL as a standard drug. The present work has led to the identification of compounds 14, 19 and 24 which possess remarkable activities against DS, MDR and XDR MTB strains with MIC values of 1.95, 3.9 and 15.63 µg/ml, respectively for compound 14, 1.95, 3.9 and 7.81 µg/ml, respectively for compound 19 and 0.98, 1.95 and 3.9 µg/ml, respectively for compound 24. Most compounds did not exhibit toxicity to HePG2 normal cell line. Compounds 14, 19 and 24, presenting the best MIC values, were further evaluated as inhibitors of InhA enzyme. They showed high binding affinities in the micromolar range with IC50 values of 1.33, 0.6, and 0.29 µM for compounds 14, 19, and 24, respectively. Furthermore, molecular docking approach was utilized to understand the difference in bioactivities between the new compounds. In particular, the results revealed strong binding interactions and high docking scores of compounds 14, 19 and 24, which could correlate with their high activities. Mainly, the molecular modelling study of compound 24 provides an excellent platform for understanding the molecular mechanism regarding InhA inhibition. Thus, compound 24 could be a lead compound for future development of new antitubercular drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola A Abdelaziz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Dina I A Othman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
| | - Marwa M Abdel-Aziz
- The Regional Center for Mycology and Biotechnology, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sahar M I Badr
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Hassan M Eisa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
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Yadav P, Yadav R, Jain S, Vaidya A. Caspase-3: A primary target for natural and synthetic compounds for cancer therapy. Chem Biol Drug Des 2021; 98:144-165. [PMID: 33963665 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Caspases, a group of protease enzymes (cysteine proteases), exist as inactive zymogens in the cells and execute apoptosis (programmed cell death). Caspase-3, an executioner caspase, plays an imperative role in apoptosis and becomes a primary target for cancer treatment. A number of analogues of quinazoline, quinazolinone, indoloquinazolines, quinone, naphthoquinones, pyrroloiminoquinones, styrylquinolines, tetheredtetrahydroquinoline, fluoroquinolone, thiosemicarbazones, benzotriazole, pyrimidines, chalcone, and carbazoles have been reported till date, representing caspase-3 mediated apoptosis for cancer therapy. Simultaneously, plant isolates, including lysicamine, podophyllotoxin, and majoranolide, have also been claimed for caspase-3-mediated apoptosis-induced cytotoxicity. Procaspase-activating compound-1 (PAC-1) is the first FDA approved orphan drug, and its synthetic derivative WF-208 also showed fascinating caspase-3 mediated anticancer activity. Till date, a large number of compounds have been reported and patented for their caspase-3-mediated cytotoxicity and now scientist is also focusing to introduce new compounds in market to encompass anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Yadav
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, NIPER, Hajipur, India
| | - Ramakant Yadav
- Department of Neurology, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, India
| | - Shweta Jain
- Sir Madan Lal Institute of Pharmacy, Etawah, India
| | - Ankur Vaidya
- Pharmacy College Saifai, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, India
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Discovery of Novel 1,2,4-Oxadiazole Derivatives as Potent Caspase-3 Activator for Cancer Treatment. CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/chemistry3010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, a quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) and docking studies were accomplished on a series of 1,2,4-oxadiazoles. The results of QSARs are reliable and have high predictive ability for both the internal (q2 = 0.610) and external (pred_r2 = 0.553) datasets with least standard error (SE; i.e., 0.130) and four principal components, which signifies the reliability of the generated model. Molecular docking was also reported by the GOLD docking program, which showed that the hydrogen bonding may be responsible for the activity, and may be further increased upon adding high electronegative substitutions.
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Singh P, Mishra M, Agarwal S, Sau S, Iyer AK, Kashaw SK. Exploring the Role of Water Molecules in the Ligand Binding Domain of PDE4B and PDE4D: Virtual Screening Based Molecular Docking of Some Active Scaffolds. Curr Comput Aided Drug Des 2018; 15:334-366. [PMID: 30394213 DOI: 10.2174/1573409914666181105153543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The phosphodiesterase (PDE) is a superfamily represented by four genes: PDE4A, B,C, and D which cause the hydrolysis of phosphodiester bond of cAMP to yield inactive AMP. c-AMP catalyzing enzyme is predominant in inflammatory and immunomodulatory cells. Therapy to treat Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) with the use of PDE4 inhibitors is highly envisaged. OBJECTIVE A molecular docking experiment with large dataset of diverse scaffolds has been performed on PDE4 inhibitors to analyze the role of amino acid responsible for binding and activation of the secondary transmitters. Apart from the general docking experiment, the main focus was to discover the role of water molecules present in the ligand-binding domain. METHODS All the compounds were docked in the PDE4B and PDE4D active cavity to produce the free binding energy scores and spatial disposition/orientation of chemical groups of inhibitors around the cavity. Under uniform condition, the experiments were carried out with and without water molecules in the LBD. The exhaustive study was carried out on the Autodock 4.2 software and explored the role of water molecules present in the binding domain. RESULTS In presence of water molecule, Roflumilast has more binding affinity (-8.48 Kcal/mol with PDE4B enzyme and -8.91 Kcal/mol with PDE4D enzyme) and forms two hydrogen bonds with Gln443 and Glu369 and amino acid with PDE4B and PDE4D enzymes respectively. While in absence of water molecule its binding affinity has decreased (-7.3 Kcal/mol with PDE4B enzyme and -5.17 Kcal/mol with PDE4D enzyme) as well as no H-bond interactions were observed. Similar observation was made with clinically tested molecules. CONCLUSION In protein-ligand binding interactions, appropriate selection of water molecules facilitated the ligand binding, which eventually enhances the efficiency as well as the efficacy of ligand binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour University (A Central University), Sagar, MP, India
| | - Mitali Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour University (A Central University), Sagar, MP, India
| | - Shivangi Agarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour University (A Central University), Sagar, MP, India
| | - Samaresh Sau
- Use-inspired Biomaterials & Integrated Nano Delivery (U-BiND) Systems Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, MI, United States
| | - Arun K Iyer
- Use-inspired Biomaterials & Integrated Nano Delivery (U-BiND) Systems Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, MI, United States.,Molecular Therapeutics Program, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan, MI, United States
| | - Sushil K Kashaw
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour University (A Central University), Sagar, MP, India.,Use-inspired Biomaterials & Integrated Nano Delivery (U-BiND) Systems Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, MI, United States
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Agarwal S, Verma E, Kumar V, Lall N, Sau S, Iyer AK, Kashaw SK. An integrated computational approach of molecular dynamics simulations, receptor binding studies and pharmacophore mapping analysis in search of potent inhibitors against tuberculosis. J Mol Graph Model 2018; 83:17-32. [PMID: 29753941 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2018.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis is an infectious chronic disease caused by obligate pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis that affects millions of people worldwide. Although many first and second line drugs are available for its treatment, but their irrational use has adversely lead to the emerging cases of multiple drug resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis. Therefore, there is an intense need to develop novel potent analogues for its treatment. This has prompted us to develop potent analogues against TB. The Mycobacterium tuberculosis genome provides us with number of validated targets to combat against TB. Study of Mtb genome disclosed six epoxide hydrolases (A to F) which convert harmful epoxide into diols and act as a potential drug target for rational drug design. Our current strategy is to develop such analogues which inhibits epoxide hydrolase enzyme present in Mtb genome. To achieve this, we adopted an integrated computational approach involving QSAR, pharmacophore mapping, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation studies. The approach envisaged vital information about the role of molecular descriptors, essential pharmacophoric features and binding energy for compounds to bind into the active site of epoxide hydrolase. Molecular docking analysis revealed that analogues exhibited significant binding to Mtb epoxide hydrolase. Further, three docked complexes 2s, 37s and 15s with high, moderate and low docking scores respectively were selected for molecular dynamics simulation studies. RMSD analysis revealed that all complexes are stable with average RMSD below 2 Å throughout the 10 ns simulations. The B-factor analysis showed that the active site residues of epoxide hydrolase are flexible enough to interact with inhibitor. Moreover, to confirm the binding of these urea derivatives, MM-GBSA binding energy analysis were performed. The calculations showed that 37s has more binding affinity (ΔGtotal = -52.24 kcal/mol) towards epoxide hydrolase compared to 2s (ΔGtotal = -51.70 kcal/mol) and 15s (ΔGtotal = -49.97 kcal/mol). The structural features inferred in our study may provide the future directions to the scientists towards the discovery of new chemical entity exhibiting anti-TB property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivangi Agarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour University (A Central University), Sagar, MP, India
| | - Ekta Verma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour University (A Central University), Sagar, MP, India
| | - Vivek Kumar
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Namrita Lall
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Samaresh Sau
- Use-inspired Biomaterials & integrated Nano Delivery (U-BiND) Systems Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Arun K Iyer
- Use-inspired Biomaterials & integrated Nano Delivery (U-BiND) Systems Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA; Molecular Imaging Program, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Sushil K Kashaw
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour University (A Central University), Sagar, MP, India.
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Prediction of the Octanol–Water Partition Coefficients of N-Aryl-Substituted Anthranilic Acid Derivatives. Pharm Chem J 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-014-1027-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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