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de Lima Silva MG, de Lima LF, Alencar Fonseca VJ, Santos da Silva LY, Calixto Donelardy AC, de Almeida RS, de Morais Oliveira-Tintino CD, Pereira Bezerra Martins AOB, Ribeiro-Filho J, Bezerra Morais-Braga MF, Tintino SR, Alencar de Menezes IR. Enhancing the Antifungal Efficacy of Fluconazole with a Diterpene: Abietic Acid as a Promising Adjuvant to Combat Antifungal Resistance in Candida spp. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1565. [PMID: 37998767 PMCID: PMC10668680 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12111565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing antifungal resistance rates against conventional drugs reveal the urgent need to search for new therapeutic alternatives. In this context, natural bioactive compounds have a critical role in antifungal drug development. Since evidence demonstrates that abietic acid, a diterpene found in Pinus species, has significant antimicrobial properties, this study aimed to evaluate the antifungal activity of abietic acid against Candida spp and its ability to potentiate the activity of fluconazole. Abietic acid was tested both individually and in combination with fluconazole against Candida albicans (CA INCQS 40006), Candida krusei (CK INCQS 40095), and Candida tropicalis (CT INCQS 40042). The microdilution method was used to determine the IC50 and the cell viability curve. Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) was determined by subculture in a solid medium. The plasma membrane permeability was measured using a fluorescent SYTOX Green probe. While the IC50 of the drugs alone ranged between 1065 and 3255 μg/mL, the IC50 resulting from the combination of abietic acid and fluconazole ranged between 7563 and 160.1 μg/mL. Whether used in combination with fluconazole or isolated, abietic acid exhibited Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) values exceeding 1024 μg/mL against Candida albicans, Candida krusei and Candida tropicalis. However, it was observed that the antifungal effect of fluconazole was enhanced when used in combination with abietic acid against Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis. These findings suggest that while abietic acid alone has limited inherent antifungal activity, it can enhance the effectiveness of fluconazole, thereby reducing antifungal resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gabriely de Lima Silva
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Molecular Chemistry (LFQM), Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri (URCA), Crato 63105-000, Ceará, Brazil; (M.G.d.L.S.); (L.Y.S.d.S.); (A.C.C.D.); (A.O.B.P.B.M.)
| | - Luciene Ferreira de Lima
- Laboratory of Applied Mycology of Cariri (LMAC), Regional University of Cariri (URCA), Crato 63105-000, Ceará, Brazil; (L.F.d.L.); (V.J.A.F.); (M.F.B.M.-B.)
| | - Victor Juno Alencar Fonseca
- Laboratory of Applied Mycology of Cariri (LMAC), Regional University of Cariri (URCA), Crato 63105-000, Ceará, Brazil; (L.F.d.L.); (V.J.A.F.); (M.F.B.M.-B.)
| | - Lucas Yure Santos da Silva
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Molecular Chemistry (LFQM), Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri (URCA), Crato 63105-000, Ceará, Brazil; (M.G.d.L.S.); (L.Y.S.d.S.); (A.C.C.D.); (A.O.B.P.B.M.)
| | - Ana Cecília Calixto Donelardy
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Molecular Chemistry (LFQM), Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri (URCA), Crato 63105-000, Ceará, Brazil; (M.G.d.L.S.); (L.Y.S.d.S.); (A.C.C.D.); (A.O.B.P.B.M.)
| | - Ray Silva de Almeida
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology (LMBM), Regional University of Cariri (URCA), Crato 63105-000, Ceará, Brazil; (R.S.d.A.); (C.D.d.M.O.-T.)
| | | | - Anita Oliveira Brito Pereira Bezerra Martins
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Molecular Chemistry (LFQM), Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri (URCA), Crato 63105-000, Ceará, Brazil; (M.G.d.L.S.); (L.Y.S.d.S.); (A.C.C.D.); (A.O.B.P.B.M.)
| | - Jaime Ribeiro-Filho
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Fiocruz Ceará, Eusébio 61773-270, Ceará, Brazil;
| | - Maria Flaviana Bezerra Morais-Braga
- Laboratory of Applied Mycology of Cariri (LMAC), Regional University of Cariri (URCA), Crato 63105-000, Ceará, Brazil; (L.F.d.L.); (V.J.A.F.); (M.F.B.M.-B.)
| | - Saulo Relison Tintino
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology (LMBM), Regional University of Cariri (URCA), Crato 63105-000, Ceará, Brazil; (R.S.d.A.); (C.D.d.M.O.-T.)
| | - Irwin Rose Alencar de Menezes
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Molecular Chemistry (LFQM), Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri (URCA), Crato 63105-000, Ceará, Brazil; (M.G.d.L.S.); (L.Y.S.d.S.); (A.C.C.D.); (A.O.B.P.B.M.)
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Dutra JAP, Maximino SC, Gonçalves RDCR, Morais PAB, de Lima Silva WC, Rodrigues RP, Neto ÁC, Júnior VL, de Souza Borges W, Kitagawa RR. Anti-Candida, docking studies, and in vitro metabolism-mediated cytotoxicity evaluation of Eugenol derivatives. Chem Biol Drug Des 2023; 101:350-363. [PMID: 36053023 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The high morbidity and mortality rates of Candida infections, especially among immunocompromised patients, are related to the increased resistance rate of these species and the limited therapeutic arsenal. In this context, we evaluated the anti-Candida potential and the cytotoxic profile of eugenol derivatives. Anti-Candida activity was evaluated on C. albicans and C. parapsilosis strains by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and molecular docking calculations at the site of the enzyme lanosterol-14-α-demethylase active site, responsible for ergosterol formation. The cytotoxic profile was evaluated in HepG2 cells, in the presence and absence of the metabolizing system (S9 system). The results indicated compounds 1b and 1d as the most active ones. The compounds have anti-Candida activity against both strains with MIC ranging from 50 to 100 μg ml-1 . SEM analyses of 1b and 1d indicated changes in the envelope architecture of both C. albicans and C. parapsilosis like the ones of eugenol and fluconazole, respectively. Docking results of the evaluated compounds indicated a similar binding pattern of fluconazole and posaconazole at the lanosterol-14-α-demethylase binding site. In the presence of the S9 system, compound 1b showed the same cytotoxicity profile as fluconazole (1.08 times) and compound 1d had 1.23 times increase in cytotoxicity. Eugenol and other evaluated compounds showed a significant increase in cytotoxicity. Our results suggest compound 1b as a promising starting point candidate to be used in the design of new anti-Candida agent prototypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessyca Aparecida Paes Dutra
- Graduate Program of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Bonfim, Brazil
| | - Sarah Canal Maximino
- Graduate Program of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Bonfim, Brazil
| | | | - Pedro Alves Bezerra Morais
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Exact, Natural and Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Guararema, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Pereira Rodrigues
- Graduate Program of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Bonfim, Brazil
| | - Álvaro Cunha Neto
- Department of Chemistry, Exact Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Goiabeiras, Brazil
| | - Valdemar Lacerda Júnior
- Department of Chemistry, Exact Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Goiabeiras, Brazil
| | - Warley de Souza Borges
- Department of Chemistry, Exact Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Goiabeiras, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Rezende Kitagawa
- Graduate Program of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Bonfim, Brazil
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Davood A, EbrahimiNassimi Y, Sardari S, Farahani YF. N-unsubstituted Imidazoles: Design, Synthesis, and Antimicrobial Evaluation. Curr Pharm Des 2023; 29:1875-1881. [PMID: 37550905 DOI: 10.2174/1381612829666230807120704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND All the current antifungal azoles have one substituted nitrogen atom in their imidazole or triazole rings. In this study, eleven imine and amine derivatives of imidazole, in which both nitrogen atoms of the imidazole ring are unsubstituted, were designed and synthesized. MATERIALS AND METHODS Imine derivatives were prepared by condensation of imidazole-4-carboxaldehyde with appropriate amines, and then in the next step, using sodium borohydride, the imines were reduced to amine derivatives. Docking studies reveal unsubstituted nitrogen atom of the imidazole ring coordinated well with the heme molecule of the receptor. In vitro, antimicrobial evaluation was tested on Candida albicans, E. coli, and Staphylococcus aureus. RESULTS Based on the results of the antimicrobial study, compound 10, which contains 4-chlorobenzyl moiety, proved to be the most potent compound against Candida albicans, and it was more active than the reference drug fluconazole and showed comparable activity to amphotericin B. Compounds 10 and 11 and compounds 8, 10 and 11 showed significant responses against E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus respectively. CONCLUSION It is concluded that compound 10 can be acted as a new lead compound to find new azoles antifungal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asghar Davood
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yassamin EbrahimiNassimi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soroush Sardari
- Department of Bioinformatics and Drug Design, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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Shivaleela B, Srushti SC, Shreedevi SJ, Babu RL. Thalidomide-based inhibitor for TNF-α: designing and Insilico evaluation. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-021-00393-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Inflammatory diseases are the vast array of disorders caused by inflammation. During most inflammatory events, many cytokines expressions were modulated, and one such cytokine is tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). TNF-α is mainly secreted by monocytes and macrophages. Notably, it has been proposed as a therapeutic target for several diseases. The anti-TNF biology approach is mainly based on monoclonal antibodies. The fusion protein and biosimilars are prevalent in treating inflammation for decades. Only a few small molecule inhibitors are available to inhibit the expression of TNF-α, and one such promising drug was thalidomide. Therefore, the study was carried out to design thalidomide-based small molecule inhibitors for TNF-α. The main objective of our study is to design thalidomide analogs to inhibit TNF-α using the insilico approach.
Results
Several thalidomide analogs were designed using chemsketch. After filtration of compounds through ‘Lipinski rule of 5’ by Molinspiration tool, as a result, five compounds were selected. All these compounds were subjected to molecular docking, and the study showed that all five compounds had good binding energy. However, based on ADMET predictions, two compounds (S3 and S5) were eliminated.
Conclusions
Our preliminary results suggest that S1, S2, S4 compounds showed potential ligand binding capacity with TNF-α and, interestingly, with limited or no toxicity. Our preliminary investigation and obtained results have fashioned more interest for further in vitro studies.
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Davood A, Rahimi A, Iman M, Azerang P, Sardari S, Mahboubi A. Design and Synthesis of New Antifungals Based on N-Un-substituted Azoles as 14α Demethylase Inhibitor. Curr Comput Aided Drug Des 2021; 17:235-243. [PMID: 32065093 DOI: 10.2174/1573409916666200217090855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Azole antifungal agents, which are widely used as antifungal antibiotics, inhibit cytochrome P450 sterol 14α-demethylase (CYP51). Nearly all azole antifungal agents are Nsubstituted azoles. In addition, an azolylphenalkyl pharmacophore is uniquely shared by all azole antifungals. Due to the importance of nitrogen atom of azoles (N-3 of imidazole and N-4 of triazole) in coordination with heme in the binding site of the enzyme, here a group of N- un-substituted azoles in which both nitrogen are un-substituted was reported. MATERIALS AND METHODS Designed compounds were synthesized by the reaction of imidazole-4- carboxaldehyde with appropriate arylamines and subsequently reduced to desired amine derivatives. Antifungal activity against Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cervisiae was done using a broth micro-dilution assay. Docking studies were done using AutoDock. RESULTS Antimicrobial evaluation revealed that some of these compounds exhibited moderate antimicrobial activities against tested pathogenic fungi, wherein compounds 3, 7, and 8 were potent. Docking studies propose that all of the prepared azoles interacted with 14α-DM, wherein azoleheme coordination played the main role in drug-receptor interaction. CONCLUSION Our results offer some useful references for molecular design performance or modification of this series of compounds as a lead compound to discover new and potent antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asghar Davood
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aneseh Rahimi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Iman
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Azerang
- Drug Design and Bioinformatics Unit, Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soroush Sardari
- Drug Design and Bioinformatics Unit, Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Mahboubi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Sari S, Kart D, Sabuncuoğlu S, Doğan İS, Özdemir Z, Bozbey İ, Gencel M, Eşsiz Ş, Reynisson J, Karakurt A, Saraç S, Dalkara S. Antifungal screening and in silico mechanistic studies of an in-house azole library. Chem Biol Drug Des 2019; 94:1944-1955. [PMID: 31260179 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Systemic Candida infections pose a serious public health problem with high morbidity and mortality. C. albicans is the major pathogen identified in candidiasis; however, non-albicans Candida spp. with antifungal resistance are now more prevalent. Azoles are first-choice antifungal drugs for candidiasis; however, they are ineffective for certain infections caused by the resistant strains. Azoles block ergosterol synthesis by inhibiting fungal CYP51, which leads to disruption of fungal membrane permeability. In this study, we screened for antifungal activity of an in-house azole library of 65 compounds to identify hit matter followed by a molecular modeling study for their CYP51 inhibition mechanism. Antifungal susceptibility tests against standard Candida spp. including C. albicans revealed derivatives 12 and 13 as highly active. Furthermore, they showed potent antibiofilm activity as well as neglectable cytotoxicity in a mouse fibroblast assay. According to molecular docking studies, 12 and 13 have the necessary binding characteristics for effective inhibition of CYP51. Finally, molecular dynamics simulations of the C. albicans CYP51 (CACYP51) homology model's catalytic site complexed with 13 were stable demonstrating excellent binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suat Sari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Didem Kart
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Suna Sabuncuoğlu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - İnci Selin Doğan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Özdemir
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - İrem Bozbey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Melis Gencel
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genetics, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Kadir Has University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Şebnem Eşsiz
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genetics, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Kadir Has University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Jóhannes Reynisson
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,School of Pharmacy, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Arzu Karakurt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Selma Saraç
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sevim Dalkara
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Silion M, Fifere A, Lungoci AL, Marangoci NL, Ibanescu SA, Zonda R, Rotaru A, Pinteală M. Mass Spectrometry as a Complementary Approach for Noncovalently Bound Complexes Based on Cyclodextrins. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1140:685-701. [PMID: 31347079 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-15950-4_41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
An important and well-designed solution to overcome some of the problems associated with new drugs is provided by the molecular encapsulation of the drugs in the cyclodextrins (CDs) cavity, yielding corresponding inclusion complexes (ICs). These types of non-covalent complexes are of current interest to the pharmaceutical industry, as they improve the solubility, stability and bioavailability of the guest molecules. This review highlights several methods for cyclodextrin ICs preparation and characterization, focusing mostly on the mass spectrometry (MS) studies that have been used for the detection of noncovalent interactions of CDs inclusion complexes and binding selectivity of guest molecules with CDs. Furthermore, the MS investigations of several ICs of the CD with antifungal, antioxidants or fluorescent dyes are presented in greater details, pointing out the difficulties overcome in the analysis of this type of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Silion
- Advanced Research Centre for Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers, "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of Romanian Academy, Iasi, Romania.
| | - Adrian Fifere
- Advanced Research Centre for Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers, "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of Romanian Academy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Ana Lacramioara Lungoci
- Advanced Research Centre for Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers, "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of Romanian Academy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Narcisa Laura Marangoci
- Advanced Research Centre for Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers, "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of Romanian Academy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Sorin Alexandru Ibanescu
- Advanced Research Centre for Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers, "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of Romanian Academy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Radu Zonda
- Advanced Research Centre for Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers, "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of Romanian Academy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Alexandru Rotaru
- Advanced Research Centre for Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers, "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of Romanian Academy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Mariana Pinteală
- Advanced Research Centre for Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers, "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of Romanian Academy, Iasi, Romania
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Minea B, Marangoci N, Peptanariu D, Rosca I, Nastasa V, Corciova A, Varganici C, Nicolescu A, Fifere A, Neamtu A, Mares M, Barboiu M, Pinteala M. Inclusion complexes of propiconazole nitrate with substituted β-cyclodextrins: the synthesis and in silico and in vitro assessment of their antifungal properties. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj01811k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Inclusion complexes with sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin, β-cyclodextrin sulphated sodium salt and monochlorotriazinyl-β-cyclodextrin were characterized and assessed for antifungal activity and cytotoxicity.
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