Synthesis of novel fluoro 1,2,3-triazole tagged amino bis(benzothiazole) derivatives, their antimicrobial and anticancer activity

Synthesis and evaluation of di-heterocyclic benzazole compounds as potential antibacterial and anti-biofilm agents against Staphylococcus aureus

Cumulative escalation in antibiotic-resistant pathogens necessitates the quest for novel antimicrobial agents, as current options continue to diminish bacterial resistance. Herein, we report the synthesis of di-heterocyclic benzazole structures (12-19) and their in vitro evaluation for some biological activities. Compounds 16 and 17 demonstrated potent antibacterial activity (MIC = 7.81 μg/mL) against Staphylococcus aureus, along with significant anti-biofilm activity. Noteworthy is the capability of Compound 17 to inhibit biofilm formation by at least 50% at sub-MIC (3.90 μg/mL) concentration. Furthermore, both compounds exhibited the potential to inhibit preformed biofilm by at least 50% at the MIC concentration (7.81 μg/mL). Additionally, Compounds 16 and 17 were examined for cytotoxic effects in HFF-1 cells, using the MTT method, and screened for binding interactions within the active site of S. aureus DNA gyrase using in silico molecular docking technique, employing AutoDock 4.2.6 and Schrödinger Glidse programs. Overall, our findings highlight Compounds 16 and 17 as promising scaffolds warranting further optimization for the development of effective antibacterial and anti-biofilm agents.

Review on the Developments of Benzothiazole-containing Antimicrobial Agents

The infectious diseases caused by bacterial resistance to antibiotics constitute an increasing threat to human health on a global scale. An increasing number of infections, including tuberculosis, pneumonia, salmonellosis and gonorrhea, are becoming progressively challenging to cure owing to the ineffectiveness of current clinically used antibiotics and presents a serious health threat worldwide in medical community. The major concern of this global health threat is the ability of microorganisms to develop one or several mechanisms of resistance to antibiotics, making them inefficient to therapeutic treatment. The quest for discovering novel scaffold with antimicrobial property is particularly in great need to face future challenges in hospital and healthcare settings. Hence, the development of benzothiazoles is of considerable interest to medicinal chemists. Benzothiazole, being part of an important class of heterocyclic scaffold retains a wide spectrum of various attractive pharmacological activities. Antibiotic resistance represents an increasing burden comprising medical cost, hospital stay and mortality. Several derivatives containing a benzothiazole scaffold, reported in the literature, were found to display remarkable potencies towards diverse Grampositive and Gram-negative bacterial pathogens. The principal focus concerns the antibacterial potential of benzothiazole-based derivatives as antimicrobial agents interacting with targets in bacterial pathogens. In this review, we also disclose the significance of the benzothiazole moiety in the discovery of new antibacterial compounds, the potential of benzothiazole-based derivatives in the case of resistant bacterial strains, optimization of their antibacterial activity, and their future perspectives. The structure-activity relationship study and the mode of action of the title derivatives are highlighted too.

Importance of Fluorine in Benzazole Compounds

Fluorine-containing heterocycles continue to receive considerable attention due to their unique properties. In medicinal chemistry, the incorporation of fluorine in small molecules imparts a significant enhancement their biological activities compared to non-fluorinated molecules. In this short review, we will highlight the importance of incorporating fluorine as a basic appendage in benzothiazole and benzimidazole skeletons. The chemistry and pharmacological activities of heterocycles containing fluorine during the past years are compiled and discussed.

Synthesis and Evaluation of the in vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Triazoles, Morpholines and Thiosemicarbazones

BACKGROUND

Microbial infections is a global public health problem. The aim of this work was to synthesize and evaluate the antimicrobial activity of novel triazoles, morpholines and thiosemicarbazones.

METHODS

Compounds were synthesized using 2,4-Dihydroxyacetophenone and 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde as starting materials. The antimicrobial activity of these compounds against bacteria and yeast was evaluated by the broth microdilution method.

RESULTS

The proposed route for synthesis gave high to moderate yields, moreover these compounds were successfully characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and LC-MS. Antimicrobial testing indicated that the thiosemicarbazone and morphine derivatives had the best antimicrobial activity against the microorganisms tested with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) between 0.29 and 5.30 µM. Thiosemicarbazone derivative (12) was able to inhibit the growth of C. tropicalis, with minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of 0.55 µM. In addition, this compound was active against E. coli, S. aureus and S. epidermidis, with MIC values ranging from 0.29 to 1.11 µM. Moreover, the morpholine derivative (15) had an MIC value of 0.83 µM against C. albicans and E. coli.

CONCLUSION

We have efficiently synthesized a series of eleven novel triazoles, thiosemicarbazones and morpholine derivatives using 2,4-Dihydroxyacetophenone and 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde as starting materials. Thiosemicarbazone derivative (12) showed promising antifungal and antibacterial activity and these findings suggest that this compound can be used as scaffolds to design new antimicrobial drugs.

Design, Synthesis and Anticancer Screening of Novel Benzothiazole-Piperazine-1,2,3-Triazole Hybrids

A library of novel regioselective 1,4-di and 1,4,5-trisubstituted-1,2,3-triazole based benzothiazole-piperazine conjugates were designed and synthesized using the click synthesis approach in the presence and absence of the Cu(I) catalyst. Some of these 1,2,3-triazole hybrids possess in their structures different heterocyclic scaffold including 1,2,4-triazole, benzothiazole, isatin and/or benzimidazole. The newly designed 1,2,3-triazole hybrids were assessed for their antiproliferative inhibition potency against four selected human cancer cell lines (MCF7, T47D, HCT116 and Caco2). The majority of the synthesized compounds demonstrated moderate to potent activity against all the cancer cell lines examined. Further, we have established a structure activity relationship with respect to the in silico analysis of ADME (adsorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion) analysis and found good agreement with in vitro activity.

Contemporary progress in the synthesis and reactions of 2-aminobenzothiazole: a review

Various protocols for the synthesis and reactions of 2-aminobenzothiazole.

Two new mixed copper(ii)–dipeptide complexes of N,N-donor heterocycle ligands: studies on their non-covalent DNA binding, chemical nuclease, antioxidant and anticancer activities

Two novel mononuclear mixed ligand copper(ii)-dipeptide complexes have been synthesized. The DNA interactions of the complexes were investigated. In addition, the antioxidant and antitumor activities of the complexes were evaluated.