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Abstract
Prostate cancer is a common malignancy in men worldwide and it is known that oxidative stress is a risk factor for cancer development. A common functional haptoglobin (Hp) polymorphism, originating from a duplication of a gene segment spanning over two exons, results in three distinct phenotypes with different anti-oxidative capacities: Hp1-1, Hp1-2, and Hp2-2. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between this Hp polymorphism and prostate cancer mortality. The study was performed on 690 patients with histologically confirmed prostate cancer, recruited between January 2004 and January 2007. Hp genotypes were determined by a TaqMan fluorogenic 5′-exonuclease assay. Hp1-1 was present in 76 (11%), Hp1-2 in 314 (45.5%), and Hp2-2 in 300 (43.5%) patients. During a median follow-up of 149 months, 251 (35.3%) patients died. Hp genotypes were not significantly associated with higher overall mortality (HR 1.10; 95% CI 0.91–1.33; p = 0.34). This remained similar in a multivariate analysis including age at diagnosis, androgen deprivation therapy, and risk group based on PSA level, GS, and T stage (HR 1.11; 95% CI 0.91–1.34; p = 0.30). We conclude that the common Hp polymorphism does not seem to be associated with overall mortality in prostate cancer patients.
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Zanusso C, Dreussi E, Bortolus R, Romualdi C, Gagno S, De Mattia E, Romanato L, Sartor F, Quartuccio L, Cecchin E, Toffoli G. rs4143815- PDL1, a New Potential Immunogenetic Biomarker of Biochemical Recurrence in Locally Advanced Prostate Cancer after Radiotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092082. [PMID: 31035590 PMCID: PMC6539607 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Up to 30–50% of patients with locally advanced prostate cancer (PCa) undergoing radiotherapy (RT) experience biochemical recurrence (BCR). The immune system affects the RT response. Immunogenetics could define new biomarkers for personalization of PCa patients’ treatment. The aim of this study is to define the immunogenetic biomarkers of 10 year BCR (primary aim), 10 year overall survival (OS) and 5 year BCR (secondary aims). In this mono-institutional retrospective study, 549 Caucasian patients (a discovery set n = 418; a replication set n = 131) were affected by locally advanced PCa and homogeneously treated with RT. In the training set, associations were made between 447 SNPs in 77 genes of the immune system; and 10 year BCR and 10 year OS were tested through a multivariate Cox proportional hazard model. Significant SNPs (p-value < 0.05, q-value < 0.15) were analyzed in the replication set. Replicated SNPs were tested for 5 year BCR in both sets of patients. A polymorphism in the PDL1 gene (rs4143815) was the unique potential genetic variant of 10 year BCR (training set: p = 0.003, HR (95% CI) = 0.58 (0.41–0.83); replication set: p = 0.063, HR (95% CI) = 0.52 (0.26–1.04)) that was significantly associated with 5 year BCR (training set: p = 0.009, HR (95% CI) = 0.59 (0.40–0.88); replication set: p = 0.036, HR (95% CI) = 0.39 (0.16–0.94)). No biomarkers of OS were replicated. rs4143815-PDL1 arose as a new immunogenetic biomarker of BCR in PCa, giving new insights into the RT/immune system interaction, which could be potentially useful in new approaches using anti-PDL1 therapies for PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Zanusso
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy.
| | - Eva Dreussi
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy.
| | - Roberto Bortolus
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy.
| | - Chiara Romualdi
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy.
| | - Sara Gagno
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy.
| | - Elena De Mattia
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy.
| | - Loredana Romanato
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy.
| | - Franca Sartor
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy.
| | - Luca Quartuccio
- Rheumatology Clinic, Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University Hospital "Santa Maria della Misericordia", 33100 Udine, Italy.
| | - Erika Cecchin
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Toffoli
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy.
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Renner W, Krenn-Pilko S, Gruber HJ, Herrmann M, Langsenlehner T. Relative telomere length and prostate cancer mortality. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2018; 21:579-583. [PMID: 30082901 DOI: 10.1038/s41391-018-0068-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Telomeres are essential for the maintenance of chromosomal integrity and telomere length has been associated with cancer risk and development. Aim of the present study was to analyze the prognostic value of leukocyte relative telomere (RTL) length in long-term prostate cancer (PCa) mortality. METHODS Blood samples of PCa patients were obtained before initiation of radiotherapy. RTL of peripheral blood leukocytes was determined by a quantitative polymerase chain reaction method in 533 patients with PCa. Main outcome was overall mortality. RESULTS During a median follow-up time of 149 months, 188 (35.3%) patients died. In a univariate Cox regression analysis, RTL quartiles (longer RTL) were significantly associated with higher overall mortality (hazard ration (HR) = 1.20; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.05-1.36; p = 0.006). In a multivariate Cox regression model including age at diagnosis, androgen deprivation therapy, and risk group (based on PSA level, GS, and T stage), RTL quartiles remained a significant predictor of higher overall mortality (HR = 1.22; 95% CI: 1.07-1.39; p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS Longer leukocyte RTL predicts higher overall mortality in patients with PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilfried Renner
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
| | - Sabine Krenn-Pilko
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Hans-Jürgen Gruber
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Markus Herrmann
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Tanja Langsenlehner
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Dreussi E, Ecca F, Scarabel L, Gagno S, Toffoli G. Immunogenetics of prostate cancer: a still unexplored field of study. Pharmacogenomics 2018; 19:263-283. [PMID: 29325503 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2017-0163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system is a double-edged sword with regard to the prostate cancer (PCa) battle. Immunogenetics, the study of the potential role of immune-related polymorphisms, is taking its first steps in the treatment of this malignancy. This review summarizes the most recent papers addressing the potential of immunogenetics in PCa, reporting immune-related polymorphisms associated with tumor aggressiveness, treatment toxicity and patients' prognosis. With some peculiarities, RNASEL, IL-6, IL-10, IL-1β and MMP7 have arisen as the most significant biomarkers in PCa treatment and management, having a potential clinical role. Validation prospective clinical studies are required to translate immunogenetics into precision treatment of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Dreussi
- Department of Experimental & Clinical Pharmacology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, 33081, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Ecca
- Department of Experimental & Clinical Pharmacology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, 33081, Italy
| | - Lucia Scarabel
- Department of Experimental & Clinical Pharmacology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, 33081, Italy
| | - Sara Gagno
- Department of Experimental & Clinical Pharmacology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, 33081, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Toffoli
- Department of Experimental & Clinical Pharmacology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, 33081, Italy
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Renner W, Langsenlehner U, Krenn-Pilko S, Eder P, Langsenlehner T. BCL2 genotypes and prostate cancer survival. Strahlenther Onkol 2017; 193:466-471. [PMID: 28396899 PMCID: PMC5438415 DOI: 10.1007/s00066-017-1126-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The antiapoptotic B‑cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2) gene is a key player in cancer development and progression. A functional single-nucleotide polymorphism (c.-938C>A, rs2279115) in the inhibitory P2 BCL2 gene promoter has been associated with clinical outcomes in various types of cancer. Aim of the present study was to analyze the role of BCL2-938C>A genotypes in prostate cancer mortality. Methods The association between BCL2-938C>A (rs2279115) genotypes and prostate cancer outcome was studied within the prospective PROCAGENE study comprising 702 prostate cancer patients. Results During a median follow-up time of 92 months, 120 (17.1%) patients died. A univariate Cox regression model showed a significant association of the CC genotype with reduced cancer-specific survival (CSS; hazard ratio, HR, 2.13, 95% confidence interval, CI, 1.10–4.12; p = 0.024) and overall survival (OS; HR 2.34, 95% CI 1.58–3.47; p < 0.001). In a multivariate Cox regression model including age at diagnosis, risk group, and androgen deprivation therapy, the CC genotype remained a significant predictor of poor CSS (HR 2.05, 95% CI 1.05–3.99; p = 0.034) and OS (HR 2.25, 95% CI 1.51–3.36; p < 0.001). Conclusion This study provides evidence that the homozygous BCL2-938 CC genotype is associated with OS and C in prostate cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilfried Renner
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, 8036, Graz, Austria.
| | - Uwe Langsenlehner
- Division of Internal Medicine, GKK Outpatient Department, Graz, Austria
| | - Sabine Krenn-Pilko
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Petra Eder
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tanja Langsenlehner
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Tan J, Jiang L, Cheng X, Wang C, Chen J, Huang X, Xie P, Xia D, Wang R, Zhang Y. Association between VEGF-460T/C gene polymorphism and clinical outcomes of nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated with intensity-modulated radiation therapy. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 10:909-918. [PMID: 28243126 PMCID: PMC5317327 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s126159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a potent angiogenic factor that plays a critical role in the development, metastasis, and recurrence of tumors. This study aims to determine the correlation of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the VEGF gene with the prognosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). The VEGF -460T/C gene polymorphisms in the genomic DNA of the blood samples of 338 patients with NPC were investigated through polymerase chain reaction and direct DNA sequencing. Results showed a significant association between the -460C-allele carriers and the aggressive forms of NPC as defined by stages N2-3 (odds ratio =1.820, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.118-2.962, P=0.015). Furthermore, the VEGF -460T/C polymorphism was significantly associated with 3-year overall survival (OS), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), and progression-free survival (PFS) (T/C + C/C vs T/T: 3-year OS 78.8% vs 95.1%, P=0.003; 3-year DMFS 80.2% vs 90.6%, P=0.036; 3-year PFS 73.9% vs 86.7%, P=0.042) but was not associated with the local recurrence-free survival (LRFS) of the patients. The multivariate analysis indicated that the VEGF -460C-allele carrier was an independent significant prognostic factor for OS (hazard ratio [HR] 4.096, 95% CI: 1.333-12.591, P=0.014). N classification was an independent significant prognostic factor for DMFS in patients with locoregionally advanced NPC (HR 3.674, 95% CI: 1.144-11.792, P=0.029). However, neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) was not superior to CCRT alone in terms of the 3-year OS, LRFS, DMFS, and PFS of patients with VEGF -460T/C polymorphism. In conclusion, the VEGF -460T/C gene polymorphism may negatively affect the clinical outcomes of patients with NPC and may be considered a potential prognostic factor for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyin Tan
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei Cheng
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunlin Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingshan Chen
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqing Huang
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Xie
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongmei Xia
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Rensheng Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
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He RH, He YJ, Tang YJ, Zhou HH, McLeod HL, Liu J. The potential anticancer effect of beta-blockers and the genetic variations involved in the interindividual difference. Pharmacogenomics 2016; 17:74-9. [PMID: 26652861 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.15.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
β-ARs are extensively spread in different tissues of our body, which could be activated by neurotransmitters norepinephrine and epinephrine to mediate physiological function and abnormal states including cancer. Recently, β-AR blockers could have significant implications in cancer therapy. But the precise molecular mechanisms are far from being fully understood. Through identifying the β-AR system signal pathways relevant to cancer, we can understand the mechanisms of β-blockers used for cancer treatment. What's more, retrospective clinical data made β-blockers jump out of the traditional field of cardiovascular disease and strengthened our confidence in cancer therapy. At last, genetic studies of β-adrenergic system offered crucial genes to analyze the effects of polymorphisms on cancer susceptibility, therapy response and prognosis of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Hui He
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, P.R. China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha 410078, Hunan, P. R. China
- Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Jing He
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, P.R. China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha 410078, Hunan, P. R. China
- Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Jun Tang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, P.R. China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha 410078, Hunan, P. R. China
- Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Hao Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, P.R. China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha 410078, Hunan, P. R. China
- Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Howard L McLeod
- DeBartolo Family Personalized Medicine Institute, Division of Population Sciences, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, P.R. China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha 410078, Hunan, P. R. China
- Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, P.R. China
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Yang SM, Huang CY, Shiue HS, Huang SP, Pu YS, Chen WJ, Lin YC, Hsueh YM. Joint Effect of Urinary Total Arsenic Level and VEGF-A Genetic Polymorphisms on the Recurrence of Renal Cell Carcinoma. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145410. [PMID: 26701102 PMCID: PMC4689502 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The results of our previous study suggested that high urinary total arsenic levels were associated with an increased risk of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Germline genetic polymorphisms might also affect cancer risk and clinical outcomes. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays an important role in vasculogenesis and angiogenesis, but the combined effect of these factors on RCC remains unclear. In this study, we explored the association between the VEGF-A -2578C>A, -1498T>C, -1154G>A, -634G>C, and +936C>T gene polymorphisms and RCC. We also evaluated the combined effects of the VEGF-A haplotypes and urinary total arsenic levels on the prognosis of RCC. This case-control study was conducted with 191 RCC patients who were diagnosed with renal tumors on the basis of image-guided biopsy or surgical resections. An additional 376 age- and gender-matched controls were recruited. Concentrations of urinary arsenic species were determined by a high performance liquid chromatography-linked hydride generator and atomic absorption spectrometry. Genotyping was investigated using fluorescent-based TaqMan allelic discrimination. We observed no significant associations between VEGF-A haplotypes and RCC risk. However, the VEGF-A ACGG haplotype from VEGF-A -2578, -1498, -1154, and -634 was significantly associated with an increased recurrence of RCC (OR = 3.34, 95% CI = 1.03–10.91). Urinary total arsenic level was significantly associated with the risk of RCC in a dose-response manner, but it was not related to the recurrence of RCC. The combination of high urinary total arsenic level and VEGF-A risk haplotypes affected the OR of RCC recurrence in a dose-response manner. This is the first study to show that joint effect of high urinary total arsenic and VEGF-A risk haplotypes may influence the risk of RCC recurrence in humans who live in an area without obvious arsenic exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Mei Yang
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health and Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Yuan Huang
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Sheng Shiue
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Pin Huang
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yeong-Shiau Pu
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jen Chen
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health and Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chin Lin
- Department of Family Medicine, Shung Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Health Examination, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Mei Hsueh
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health and Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (YMH)
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Association between SNPs in defined functional pathways and risk of early or late toxicity as well as individual radiosensitivity. Strahlenther Onkol 2014; 191:59-66. [DOI: 10.1007/s00066-014-0741-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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10
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Zhong W, Wang X, Pan B, Su Z. Association of vascular endothelial growth factor polymorphisms with clinical outcome of renal cell carcinoma patients. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:9839-45. [PMID: 24989926 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2194-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the association of three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in VEGF gene with the prognosis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and its association with clinical characteristics of RCC, such as tumor stages, metastasis, and tumor size. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis was used to genotype specimens for three polymorphisms (-2578C/A, -1154G/A, and -634G/C) in the VEGF gene. Hazard ratios (HRs) and their confidence intervals (CIs) were used to analyze the association of three SNPs in the VEGF gene with survival time using a multivariate Cox proportional hazards model. Frequencies of VEGF-2578AA genotype and A allele were significantly higher in patients with III-IV tumor stage or larger tumor size when compared with CC genotype. Moreover, frequencies of VEGF-634CC genotype and C allele were significantly higher in patients with tumor size >4 cm when compared with -634GG genotype. By Cox proportional hazards model, patients carrying VEGF-2578AA genotype and A allele significantly increased the risk of death from RCC, with the adjusted HRs (95 % CI) of 2.23 (1.15-4.36) and 1.55 (1.11-2.17), respectively. Our study suggests that VEGF-2578C/A and VEGF-634G/C polymorphisms may have effects on the prognosis of RCC. This finding might help in clarifying the mechanisms of RCC development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Zhong
- Graduate School of Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China,
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