1
|
Pohlman TH, Fecher AM, Arreola-Garcia C. Optimizing transfusion strategies in damage control resuscitation: current insights. J Blood Med 2018; 9:117-133. [PMID: 30154676 PMCID: PMC6108342 DOI: 10.2147/jbm.s165394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
From clinical and laboratory studies of specific coagulation defects induced by injury, damage control resuscitation (DCR) emerged as the most effective management strategy for hemorrhagic shock. DCR of the trauma patient who has sustained massive blood loss consists of 1) hemorrhage control; 2) permissive hypotension; and 3) the prevention and correction of trauma-induced coagulopathies, referred to collectively here as acute coagulopathy of trauma (ACOT). Trauma patients with ACOT have higher transfusion requirements, may eventually require massive transfusion, and are at higher risk of exsanguinating. Distinct impairments in the hemostatic system associated with trauma include acquired quantitative and qualitative platelet defects, hypocoagulable and hypercoagulable states, and dysregulation of the fibrinolytic system giving rise to hyperfibrinolysis or a phenomenon referred to as fibrinolytic shutdown. Furthermore, ACOT is a component of a systemic host defense dysregulation syndrome that bears several phenotypic features comparable with other acute systemic physiological insults such as sepsis, myocardial infarction, and postcardiac arrest syndrome. Progress in the science of resuscitation has been continuing at an accelerated rate, and clinicians who manage catastrophic blood loss may be incompletely informed of important advances that pertain to DCR. Therefore, we review recent findings that further characterize the pathophysiology of ACOT and describe the application of this new information to optimization of resuscitation strategies for the patient in hemorrhagic shock.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy H Pohlman
- Department of Surgery, Lutheran Hospital of Indiana, Fort Wayne, IN, USA,
| | - Alison M Fecher
- Department of Surgery, Lutheran Hospital of Indiana, Fort Wayne, IN, USA
| | - Cecivon Arreola-Garcia
- Department of Surgery, Section of Acute Care Surgery, Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
de Miguel I, Orbe J, Sánchez-Arias JA, Rodríguez JA, Salicio A, Rabal O, Belzunce M, Sáez E, Xu M, Wu W, Tan H, Ma H, Páramo JA, Oyarzabal J. Phenotypic Screening To Discover Novel Chemical Series as Efficient Antihemorrhagic Agents. ACS Med Chem Lett 2018; 9:428-433. [PMID: 29795754 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.7b00549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In an effort to find novel chemical series as antifibrinolytic agents, we explore α-phenylsulfonyl-α-spiropiperidines bearing different zinc-binding groups (ZBGs) to target those metalloproteinases involved in the fibrinolytic process: MMP3 and MMP10. Surprisingly, all these new chemical series were inactive against these metalloproteinases; however, several new molecules retained the antifibrinolytic activity in a phenotypic functional assay using thromboelastometry and human whole blood. Further optimization led to compound 38 as a potent antifibrinolytic agent in vivo, three times more efficacious than the current standard-of-care (tranexamic acid, TXA) at 300 times lower dose. Finally, in order to decipher the underlying mode-of-action leading to this phenotypic response, an affinity-based probe 39 was successfully designed to identify the target involved in this response: a potentially unknown mechanism-of-action in the fibrinolytic process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Josune Orbe
- CIBER Cardiovascular (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - José A. Rodríguez
- CIBER Cardiovascular (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Agustina Salicio
- CIBER Cardiovascular (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Musheng Xu
- WuXi Apptec (Tianjin) Co. Ltd., TEDA, No. 111 HuangHai Road, Fourth Avenue, Tianjin 300456, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wu
- WuXi Apptec (Tianjin) Co. Ltd., TEDA, No. 111 HuangHai Road, Fourth Avenue, Tianjin 300456, P. R. China
| | - Haizhong Tan
- WuXi Apptec (Tianjin) Co. Ltd., TEDA, No. 111 HuangHai Road, Fourth Avenue, Tianjin 300456, P. R. China
| | - Hongyu Ma
- WuXi Apptec (Tianjin) Co. Ltd., TEDA, No. 111 HuangHai Road, Fourth Avenue, Tianjin 300456, P. R. China
| | - José A. Páramo
- Hematology Service, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Cardiovascular (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tranexamic Acid (TXA) in Trauma Patients: Barriers to Use among Trauma Surgeons and Emergency Physicians. Emerg Med Int 2017; 2017:4235785. [PMID: 28316839 PMCID: PMC5338310 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4235785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective. Tranexamic Acid (TXA) is currently the only drug with prospective clinical evidence supporting its use in bleeding trauma patients. We sought to better understand the barriers preventing its use and elicit suggestions to further its use in trauma patients in the state of Maryland. Methods. This is a cross-sectional study. Results. The overall response rate was 38%. Half of all participants reported being familiar with the CRASH-2 trial and MATTERs study. Half reported being aware of TXA as part of their institution's massive transfusion protocol. The majority of participants felt that TXA would have a significant positive impact on the survival of trauma patients. A majority also felt that the use of TXA would increase if its administration was the responsibility of both trauma surgeons and emergency physicians. Conclusion. Only half of responders reported being aware of TXA as being part of their institution's massive transfusion protocol. Lack of awareness of the clinical data supporting its use is a major barrier. However, most trauma providers and emergency physicians do have a favorable view of TXA and support its incorporation into massive transfusion protocols. We believe that more studies of this kind on both state and national level are needed.
Collapse
|