Ryang YM, Akbar M. [Pyogenic spondylodiscitis: symptoms, diagnostics and therapeutic strategies].
DER ORTHOPADE 2020;
49:691-701. [PMID:
32642943 DOI:
10.1007/s00132-020-03945-1]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Pyogenic spondylodiscitis is a rare disease that is being diagnosed with increasing frequency in recent years. It is associated with a high morbidity and mortality.
DIAGNOSIS
Often, because of its nonspecific symptoms, pyogenic spondylodiscitis is diagnose with some delay. In addition to pathogen detection, MRI is the gold standard to diagnose pyogenic spondylodiscitis. Also, x-ray imaging and CT can be carried out for surgical planning and for subsequent follow-up imaging. If blood or tissue cultures are negative, open surgical biopsies should be preferred over CT-guided biopsies.
THERAPY
The therapy can be conservative, such as immobilization, as well as antibiotics and analgesics, or surgical. If, for example, neurological deficits, spinale instabilities or deformities, septic disease progression or extensive abscess formations are present, surgical therapy is indicated. The surgical treatment strategies depend on the severity of the disease.
OUTLOOK
The prognosis is dependent on a rapid diagnosis and a swift start to therapy. There is no clear evidence with regard to treatment options (conservative vs. surgical therapy).
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