1
|
Sipka S, Bíró T, Czifra G, Griger Z, Gergely P, Brugós B, Tarr T. The role of protein kinase C isoenzymes in the pathogenesis of human autoimmune diseases. Clin Immunol 2022; 241:109071. [PMID: 35781096 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2022.109071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The physiological role of protein kinase C (PKC) enzymes in the immune system is presented briefly. From earlier publications of others data were collected how the defects of one/two isoenzymes of PKC system suggested their involvement in the pathogenesis of human autoimmune diseases. Our observations on the defects of seven PKC isoenzymes in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) demonstrate that these molecular impairments are not prerequisits of the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), mixed connective tissue disease and Sjögren's syndrome. However, these defects can modulate the disease activity and symptoms especially in SLE by several pathways. The role of PKC system in other forms of autoimmune diseases is also very small. It was of note that we detected decreased expression of PKC isoenzymes in PBMC of a European white family with an X-linked genetic background showing seasonal undulations in the lupus patient and also in her healthy mother.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sándor Sipka
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Tamás Bíró
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Czifra
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Griger
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Pál Gergely
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Boglárka Brugós
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tünde Tarr
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Czifra G, Szöllősi A, Nagy Z, Boros M, Juhász I, Kiss A, Erdődi F, Szabó T, Kovács I, Török M, Kovács L, Blumberg PM, Bíró T. Protein kinase Cδ promotes proliferation and induces malignant transformation in skeletal muscle. J Cell Mol Med 2014; 19:396-407. [PMID: 25283340 PMCID: PMC4407591 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we investigated the isoform-specific roles of certain protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms in the regulation of skeletal muscle growth. Here, we provide the first intriguing functional evidence that nPKCδ (originally described as an inhibitor of proliferation in various cells types) is a key player in promoting both in vitro and in vivo skeletal muscle growth. Recombinant overexpression of a constitutively active nPKCδ in C2C12 myoblast increased proliferation and inhibited differentiation. Conversely, overexpression of kinase-negative mutant of nPKCδ (DN-nPKCδ) markedly inhibited cell growth. Moreover, overexpression of nPKCδ also stimulated in vivo tumour growth and induced malignant transformation in immunodeficient (SCID) mice whereas that of DN-nPKCδ suppressed tumour formation. The role of nPKCδ in the formation of rhabdomyosarcoma was also investigated where recombinant overexpression of nPKCδ in human rhabdomyosarcoma RD cells also increased cell proliferation and enhanced tumour formation in mouse xenografts. The other isoforms investigated (PKCα, β, ε) exerted only minor (mostly growth-inhibitory) effects in skeletal muscle cells. Collectively, our data introduce nPKCδ as a novel growth-promoting molecule in skeletal muscles and invite further trials to exploit its therapeutic potential in the treatment of skeletal muscle malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Czifra
- DE-MTA "Lendület" Cellular Physiology Research Group, Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Debrecen, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Debrecen, Hungary
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu ZC, Yu EH, Liu W, Liu XC, Tang SB, Zhu BH. Translocation of protein kinase C δ contributes to the moderately high glucose-, but not hypoxia-induced proliferation in primary cultured human retinal endothelial cells. Mol Med Rep 2014; 9:1780-6. [PMID: 24626810 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy is one of the most common complications in patients with diabetes and affects ~75% of them within 15 years of the onset of the disease. Activation of protein kinase C (PKC) is a key feature of diabetes mellitus and may be involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. The present study aimed to examine the translocation of protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms, which are triggered by high an moderately high glucose levels as well as hypoxic conditions. The underlying cell mechanisms of PKC translocation in primary cultured human retinal endothelial cells (HRECs) were also investigated. The expression levels of PKC isoforms were assessed using western blot analysis. Cell proliferation was determined using the MTT assay and DNA synthesis was assessed by bromodeoxyuridine incorporation. Translocation of PKC isoforms was examined by western blot analysis and immunofluorescence. The expression of PKC α, βI, βII, δ and ε was detected, while PKC ζ was not detected in HRECs. The results of the present study were consistent with the findings of a previous study by our group, reporting that moderately high glucose levels and hypoxia, but not high glucose levels, significantly increased cell proliferation. It was demonstrated that the PKC δ isoform was translocated from the cytosol to the membrane only under moderately high glucose conditions, while PKC α and ε isoforms were translocated from the cytosol to the membrane at high glucose conditions. In addition, PKC βI was translocated under all three conditions. Translocation of PKC βII was comparable among all groups. Furthermore, rottlerin, an inhibitor of PKC δ, blocked cell proliferation, which was induced by moderately high glucose levels, but not by hypoxia. Ro32-0432, an inhibitor of PKC α, βI and ε, did not significantly affect proliferation of HRECs in all treatment groups. In conclusion, the present study suggested that PKC α, βI, βII, δ and ε were expressed in primary cultured HRECs, whereas PKC ζ was not. Cell proliferation induced by moderately high glucose concentrations was associated with translocation of the PKC δ isoform; however, hypoxic conditions did not induce translocation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Chun Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiac and Cerebral Vascular Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - En-Hong Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiac and Cerebral Vascular Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiac and Cerebral Vascular Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Chang Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiac and Cerebral Vascular Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Bo Tang
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Bang-Hao Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiac and Cerebral Vascular Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Garcia B, Martinez-de-Mena R, Obregon MJ. Arachidonic acid stimulates DNA synthesis in brown preadipocytes through the activation of protein kinase C and MAPK. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2012; 1821:1309-15. [PMID: 22766489 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2012.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Revised: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 06/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Arachidonic acid (AA) is a polyunsaturated fatty acid that stimulates the proliferation of many cellular types. We studied the mitogenic potential of AA in rat brown preadipocytes in culture and the signaling pathways involved. AA is a potent mitogen which induces 4-fold DNA synthesis in brown preadipocytes. The AA mitogenic effect increases by NE addition. AA also increases the mitogenic action of different growth factor combinations. Other unsaturated and saturated fatty acids do not stimulate DNA synthesis to the same extent as AA. We analyzed the role of PKC and MEK/MAPK signaling pathways. PKC inhibition by bisindolilmaleimide I (BIS) abolishes AA and phorbol ester stimulation of DNA synthesis and reduces the mitogenic activity of different growth factors in brown preadipocytes. Brown preadipocytes in culture express PKC α, δ, ε and ζ isoforms. Pretreatment with high doses of the phorbol ester PDBu, induces downregulation of PKCs ε and δ and reproduces the effect of BIS indicating that AA-dependent induction of DNA synthesis requires PKC activity. AA also activates MEK/MAPK pathway and the inhibition of MEK activity inhibits AA stimulation of DNA synthesis and brown adipocyte proliferation. Inhibition of PKC δ by rottlerin abolishes AA-dependent stimulation of DNA synthesis and MAPK activation, whereas PKC ε inhibition does not produce any effect. In conclusion, our results identify AA as a potent mitogen for brown adipocytes and demonstrate the involvement of the PDBu-sensitive PKC δ isoform and MEK/MAPK pathway in AA-induced proliferation of brown adipocytes. Increased proliferative activity might increase the thermogenic capacity of brown fat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bibian Garcia
- Depart. Fisiopatologia Endocrina y del Sistema Nervioso, Inst. Investigaciones Biomedicas, Centro mixto (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Borbíró I, Lisztes E, Tóth BI, Czifra G, Oláh A, Szöllősi AG, Szentandrássy N, Nánási PP, Péter Z, Paus R, Kovács L, Bíró T. Activation of Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid-3 Inhibits Human Hair Growth. J Invest Dermatol 2011; 131:1605-14. [DOI: 10.1038/jid.2011.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
|
6
|
Lee SH, Na SI, Heo JS, Kim MH, Kim YH, Lee MY, Kim SH, Lee YJ, Han HJ. Arachidonic acid release by H2O2mediated proliferation of mouse embryonic stem cells: Involvement of Ca2+/PKC and MAPKs-induced EGFR transactivation. J Cell Biochem 2009; 106:787-97. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
7
|
Marincsák R, Tóth BI, Czifra G, Márton I, Rédl P, Tar I, Tóth L, Kovács L, Bíró T. Increased expression of TRPV1 in squamous cell carcinoma of the human tongue. Oral Dis 2009; 15:328-35. [PMID: 19320840 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2009.01526.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recent reports have unambiguously identified the presence and the growth-modulatory role of transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV1), a central integrator of pain sensation, on numerous non-neuronal cell types and, of great importance, in certain malignancies. In this study, we have investigated the molecular expression of TRPV1 in the human tongue and its high-incidence malignant (squamous cell carcinoma, SCC) and premalignant (leukoplakia) conditions. METHODS Immunohistochemistry, Western blotting and quantitative 'real-time' Q-PCR were performed to define the expression of TRPV1. RESULTS A weak and sparse TRPV1-specific immunoreactivity was identified in the basal layers of the healthy human tongue epithelium. By contrast, we observed a dramatically elevated TRPV1-immunoreactivity in all layers of the epithelium both in precancerous and malignant samples. Furthermore, statistical analysis revealed that the marked overexpression of TRPV1 found in all grades of SCC showed no correlation with the degree of malignancy of the tumours. Finally, the molecular expression of TRPV1 was also identified in an SCC-derived cell line and was shown to be increased in parallel with the accelerated growth of the cells. CONCLUSION Collectively, our findings identify TRPV1 as a novel, promising target molecule in the supportive treatment and diagnosis of human tongue SCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Marincsák
- Department of Physiology, University of Debrecen, Medical and Health Science Centre, Research Centre for Molecular Medicine, Debrecen, Hungary
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Czifra G, Varga A, Nyeste K, Marincsák R, Tóth BI, Kovács I, Kovács L, Bíró T. Increased expressions of cannabinoid receptor-1 and transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 in human prostate carcinoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2008; 135:507-14. [PMID: 18830626 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-008-0482-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2008] [Accepted: 09/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Recently, functional cannabinoid receptor-1 (CB1) and vanilloid receptor-1 (TRPV1) have been described in human prostate and prostate cancer-derived cell lines where the activation of the receptors resulted in inhibition of cellular growth. We, however, lack the description of the expression of these molecules in human prostate cancer (PCC) and in benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH). METHODS Therefore, immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, and quantitative "real-time Q-PCR were performed to define the expressions of CB1 and TRPV1 in healthy and diseased prostate tissues. RESULTS CB1 was identified in epithelial and smooth muscle cells types of the human prostate, whereas TRPV1 was exclusively localized to the mucosal cells. We also found that the expression of CB1 and TRPV1 (both at the protein and mRNA levels) were significantly up-regulated in PCC. However, while the increased expression of TRPV1 showed a proper correlation with increasing PCC tumor grades, such phenomenon was not observed with CB1. In addition, we also measured markedly elevated CB1 levels in BPH tissues whilst the expression of TRPV1 was not altered when compared to healthy control prostate. CONCLUSIONS Our findings strongly argue for that (1) the CB1 and TRPV1 molecules as well as their ligands may indeed possess a promising future role in the treatment of PCC; (2) TRPV1 may also serve as a prognostic factor in PCC; and (3) CB1 may act as a potential target molecule in the therapeutic management of BPH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Czifra
- Department of Physiology, Medical and Health Science Center, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tóth BI, Géczy T, Griger Z, Dózsa A, Seltmann H, Kovács L, Nagy L, Zouboulis CC, Paus R, Bíró T. Transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 signaling as a regulator of human sebocyte biology. J Invest Dermatol 2008; 129:329-39. [PMID: 18769453 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2008.258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV1), originally described as a central integrator of nociception, is expressed on human epidermal and hair follicle keratinocytes and is involved in regulation of cell growth and death. In human pilosebaceous units, we had shown that TRPV1 stimulation inhibits hair shaft elongation and matrix keratinocyte proliferation, and induces premature hair follicle regression and keratinocyte apoptosis. In the current study, we have explored the role of TRPV1-mediated signaling in sebaceous gland (SG) biology, using a human sebocyte cell culture model (SZ95 sebocytes). Demonstrating that human skin SG in situ and SZ95 sebocytes in vitro express TRPV1, we show that the prototypic TRPV1 agonist, capsaicin, selectively inhibits basal and arachidonic acid-induced lipid synthesis in a dose-, time-, and extracellular calcium-dependent and a TRPV1-specific manner. Low-dose capsaicin stimulates cellular proliferation via TRPV1, whereas higher concentrations inhibit sebocyte growth and induce cell death independent of TRPV1. Moreover, capsaicin suppresses the expression of genes involved in lipid homeostasis and of selected proinflammatory cytokines. Collectively, these findings support the concept that TRPV1 signaling is a significant, previously unreported player in human sebocyte biology and identify TRPV1 as a promising target in the clinical management of inflammatory SG disorders (for example, acne vulgaris).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Balázs I Tóth
- Department of Physiology, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Szegedi A, Páyer E, Czifra G, Tóth BI, Schmidt E, Kovács L, Blumberg PM, Bíró T. Protein kinase C isoenzymes differentially regulate the differentiation-dependent expression of adhesion molecules in human epidermal keratinocytes. Exp Dermatol 2008; 18:122-9. [PMID: 18637128 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2008.00771.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal expression of adhesion molecules such as desmogleins (Dsg) and cadherins is strongly affected by the differentiation status of keratinocytes. We have previously shown that certain protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms differentially alter the growth and differentiation of human epidermal HaCaT keratinocytes. In this paper, using recombinant overexpression and RNA interference, we define the specific roles of the different PKC isoenzymes in modulation of expression of adhesion molecules in HaCaT keratinocytes. The level of Dsg1, a marker of differentiating keratinocytes, was antagonistically regulated by two Ca-independent 'novel' nPKC isoforms; i.e. it increased by the differentiation-promoting nPKCdelta and decreased by the growth-promoting nPKCepsilon. The expression of Dsg3 (highly expressed in proliferating epidermal layers) was conversely regulated by these isoenzymes, and was also inhibited by the differentiation inducer Ca-dependent 'conventional' cPKCalpha. Finally, the expression of P-cadherin (a marker of proliferating keratinocytes) was regulated by all of the examined PKCs, also in an antagonistic manner (inhibited by cPKCalpha/nPKCdelta and stimulated by cPKCbeta/nPKCepsilon). Collectively, the presented results strongly argue for the marked, differential, and in some instances antagonistic roles of individual Ca-dependent and Ca-independent PKC isoforms in the regulation of expression of adhesion molecules of desmosomes and adherent junctions in human epidermal keratinocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Szegedi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Dobrosi N, Tóth BI, Nagy G, Dózsa A, Géczy T, Nagy L, Zouboulis CC, Paus R, Kovács L, Bíró T. Endocannabinoids enhance lipid synthesis and apoptosis of human sebocytes
via
cannabinoid receptor‐2‐mediated signaling. FASEB J 2008; 22:3685-95. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.07-104877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nóra Dobrosi
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of Debrecen, Medical and Health Science Center, Research Center for Molecular MedicineDebrecenHungary
| | - Balázs I. Tóth
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of Debrecen, Medical and Health Science Center, Research Center for Molecular MedicineDebrecenHungary
| | - Georgina Nagy
- Department of DermatologyUniversity of Debrecen, Medical and Health Science Center, Research Center for Molecular MedicineDebrecenHungary
| | - Anikó Dózsa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Debrecen, Medical and Health Science Center, Research Center for Molecular MedicineDebrecenHungary
| | - Tamás Géczy
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of Debrecen, Medical and Health Science Center, Research Center for Molecular MedicineDebrecenHungary
| | - László Nagy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Debrecen, Medical and Health Science Center, Research Center for Molecular MedicineDebrecenHungary
| | - Christos C. Zouboulis
- Departments of DermatologyVenereology, Allergology, and Immunology, Dessau Medical CenterDessauGermany
| | - Ralf Paus
- Department of DermatologyUniversity Hospital Schleswig‐Holstein, University of LübeckLübeckGermany
| | - László Kovács
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of Debrecen, Medical and Health Science Center, Research Center for Molecular MedicineDebrecenHungary
| | - Tamás Bíró
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of Debrecen, Medical and Health Science Center, Research Center for Molecular MedicineDebrecenHungary
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Protein kinase C protects from DNA damage-induced necrotic cell death by inhibiting poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1. FEBS Lett 2008; 582:1672-8. [PMID: 18439913 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2008.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2008] [Revised: 04/11/2008] [Accepted: 04/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The goal of the current study, conducted in freshly isolated thymocytes was (1) to investigate the possibility that the activation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) in an intact cell can be regulated by protein kinase C (PKC) mediated phosphorylation and (2) to examine the consequence of this regulatory mechanism in the context of cell death induced by the genotoxic agent. In cells stimulated by the PKC activating phorbol esters, DNA breakage was unaffected, PARP-1 was phosphorylated, 1-methyl-3-nitro-1-nitrosoguanidine-induced PARP activation and cell necrosis were suppressed, with all these effects attenuated by the PKC inhibitors GF109203X or Gö6976. Inhibition of cellular PARP activity by PKC-mediated phosphorylation may provide a plausible mechanism for the previously observed cytoprotective effects of PKC activators.
Collapse
|