[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM)]

[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis after active immunization against early summer encephalitis]

After repeated immunization against european spring-summer encephalitis, a 36-year-old patient developed recurrent retrobulbar neuritis, had a fit of grand mal epilepsy and a focal motor clonic-tonic attack status as a result of post-vaccination ADEM. Post-vaccination encephalomyelitis after TBE-vaccination is a very rare complication of vaccination and has so far only been described occasionally. We observed the clinical course of post-vaccination ADEM after TBE vaccination over 12 years.

[Atypical encephalitis in a 20-year-old soldier]

We report a patient with encephalitis who had been diagnosed with an unspecific aetiology. During follow-up, pneumonia was identified due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection that could also be confirmed as causal for the brain inflammation. Despite the initially critical clinical situation, the patient's condition improved under specific antibiotic treatment. Pathophysiologic, differential diagnostic, and therapeutic implications are discussed, and guidelines for diagnosis are proposed.