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de Schellenberger AA, Hauptmann R, Millward JM, Schellenberger E, Kobayashi Y, Taupitz M, Infante-Duarte C, Schnorr J, Wagner S. Synthesis of europium-doped VSOP, customized enhancer solution and improved microscopy fluorescence methodology for unambiguous histological detection. J Nanobiotechnology 2017; 15:71. [PMID: 29017510 PMCID: PMC5634840 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-017-0301-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intrinsic iron in biological tissues frequently precludes unambiguous the identification of iron oxide nanoparticles when iron-based detection methods are used. Here we report the full methodology for synthesizing very small iron oxide nanoparticles (VSOP) doped with europium (Eu) in their iron oxide core (Eu-VSOP) and their unambiguous qualitative and quantitative detection by fluorescence. Methods and results The resulting Eu-VSOP contained 0.7 to 2.7% Eu relative to iron, which was sufficient for fluorescent detection while not altering other important particle parameters such as size, surface charge, or relaxivity. A customized enhancer solution with high buffer capacity and nearly neutral pH was developed to provide an antenna system that allowed fluorescent detection of Eu-VSOP in cells and histologic tissue slices as well as in solutions even under acidic conditions as frequently obtained from dissolved organic material. This enhancer solution allowed detection of Eu-VSOP using a standard fluorescence spectrophotometer and a fluorescence microscope equipped with a custom filter set with an excitation wavelength (λex) of 338 nm and an emission wavelength (λem) of 616 nm. Conclusion The fluorescent detection of Eu-doped very small iron oxide nanoparticles (Eu-VSOP) provides a straightforward tool to unambiguously characterize VSOP biodistribution and toxicology at tissue, and cellular levels, providing a sensitive analytical tool to detect Eu-doped IONP in dissolved organ tissue and biological fluids with fluorescence instruments. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12951-017-0301-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Ariza de Schellenberger
- Department of Radiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Ralf Hauptmann
- Department of Radiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jason M Millward
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany.,Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eyk Schellenberger
- Department of Radiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yuske Kobayashi
- Department of Interventional and Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Taupitz
- Department of Radiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carmen Infante-Duarte
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg Schnorr
- Department of Radiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Wagner
- Department of Radiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
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Ariza de Schellenberger A, Kratz H, Farr TD, Löwa N, Hauptmann R, Wagner S, Taupitz M, Schnorr J, Schellenberger EA. Labeling of mesenchymal stem cells for MRI with single-cell sensitivity. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:1517-35. [PMID: 27110112 PMCID: PMC4835118 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s101141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensitive cell detection by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an important tool for the development of cell therapies. However, clinically approved contrast agents that allow single-cell detection are currently not available. Therefore, we compared very small iron oxide nanoparticles (VSOP) and new multicore carboxymethyl dextran-coated iron oxide nanoparticles (multicore particles, MCP) designed by our department for magnetic particle imaging (MPI) with discontinued Resovist® regarding their suitability for detection of single mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) by MRI. We achieved an average intracellular nanoparticle (NP) load of >10 pg Fe per cell without the use of transfection agents. NP loading did not lead to significantly different results in proliferation, colony formation, and multilineage in vitro differentiation assays in comparison to controls. MRI allowed single-cell detection using VSOP, MCP, and Resovist® in conjunction with high-resolution T2*-weighted imaging at 7 T with postprocessing of phase images in agarose cell phantoms and in vivo after delivery of 2,000 NP-labeled MSC into mouse brains via the left carotid artery. With optimized labeling conditions, a detection rate of ~45% was achieved; however, the experiments were limited by nonhomogeneous NP loading of the MSC population. Attempts should be made to achieve better cell separation for homogeneous NP loading and to thus improve NP-uptake-dependent biocompatibility studies and cell detection by MRI and future MPI. Additionally, using a 7 T MR imager equipped with a cryocoil resulted in approximately two times higher detection. In conclusion, we established labeling conditions for new high-relaxivity MCP, VSOP, and Resovist® for improved MRI of MSC with single-cell sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Harald Kratz
- Department of Radiology, Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tracy D Farr
- Department of Experimental Neurology, Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Medical School, Nottingham, UK
| | - Norbert Löwa
- Department of Biomagnetic Signals, Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf Hauptmann
- Department of Radiology, Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Wagner
- Department of Radiology, Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Taupitz
- Department of Radiology, Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg Schnorr
- Department of Radiology, Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eyk A Schellenberger
- Department of Radiology, Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Nazli C, Demirer GS, Yar Y, Acar HY, Kizilel S. Targeted delivery of doxorubicin into tumor cells via MMP-sensitive PEG hydrogel-coated magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MIONPs). Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 122:674-683. [PMID: 25183059 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Targeting tumors with nano-scale delivery systems shows promise to improve the therapeutic effects of chemotherapeutic drugs. However, the limited specificity of current nano-scale systems for cancer tissues prevents realization of their full clinical potential. Here, we demonstrate an effective approach to creating as targeted nanocarriers for drug delivery: MIONPs coated with integrin-targeted and matrix-metalloproteinase (MMP)-sensitive PEG hydrogel scaffolds. The functional PEG hydrogel coating has been designed for active loading as well as triggered intra-cellular release of the cancer therapeutic agent doxorubicin (DOX). Our study demonstrated that coated nanocarriers could be taken into cancer cells 11 times more efficiently than uncoated ones. Furthermore, confocal laser scanning microscopy images revealed that these targeted nanocarriers could efficiently deliver and release DOX into the nuclei of HeLa cells within 2h. Coating MIONPs with multifunctional PEG hydrogel could be a promising alternative to existing vehicles for targeted delivery of DOX into tumor tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caner Nazli
- Koç University, Material Science and Engineering, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Gozde S Demirer
- Koç University, Chemical and Biological Engineering, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Yar
- Koç University, Material Science and Engineering, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - H Yagci Acar
- Koç University, Material Science and Engineering, Istanbul 34450, Turkey; Koç University, Chemistry Department, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Seda Kizilel
- Koç University, Material Science and Engineering, Istanbul 34450, Turkey; Koç University, Chemical and Biological Engineering, Istanbul 34450, Turkey.
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High Spatial Resolution, Respiratory-Gated, T1-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Liver and the Biliary Tract During the Hepatobiliary Phase of Gadoxetic Acid–Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging. J Comput Assist Tomogr 2014; 38:360-6. [DOI: 10.1097/rct.0000000000000055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Weiss MJ, D'Angelica MI. Patient selection for hepatic resection for metastatic colorectal cancer. J Gastrointest Oncol 2012; 3:3-10. [PMID: 22811864 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2078-6891.2012.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 01/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Weiss
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
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Clinical significance of the transitional phase at gadoxetate disodium-enhanced hepatic MRI for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma: preliminary results. J Comput Assist Tomogr 2012; 35:723-7. [PMID: 22082543 DOI: 10.1097/rct.0b013e3182372c40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the clinical significance of the "transitional phase" at gadoxetate disodium (Gd-EOB)-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging for diagnosing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS We studied 54 patients with 70 histologically diagnosed HCC. Transitional- and hepatobiliary-phase (TP, HBP) images were acquired 3 and 20 minutes after Gd-EOB injection, respectively. Radiologists measured the size of the hepatic tumors on images and surgical specimens and qualitatively evaluated the signal intensity of the hepatic tumors during TP and HBP independently. RESULTS In 4 patients with portal tumor embolism who had undergone percutaneous transhepatic portal embolization and who manifested arterioportal (AP) shunts, the low-intensity area was larger during HBP than TP. Of the 70 HCCs, 4 were of high signal intensity during HBP and 2 were of slightly low intensity during TP. CONCLUSION Tumor extension seen during TP rather than HBP more accurately reflected histological findings in patients with HCC with portal tumor thrombi, percutaneous transhepatic portal embolization, or AP shunt.
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Acharya DP, Moffat BA, Polyzos A, Waddington L, Coia G, Wright DK, Wang HX, Egan GF, Muir BW, Hartley PG. Cubic mesophase nanoparticles doped with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles: a new class of MRI contrast agent. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra20135f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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Effect of lapatinib on hepatic parenchymal enhancement on gadoxetate disodium (EOB)-enhanced MRI scans. J Comput Assist Tomogr 2011; 35:351-2. [PMID: 21586929 DOI: 10.1097/rct.0b013e31821a02aa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We present changes seen on hepatobiliary phase (HBP)-gadoxetate disodium (EOB)-enhanced magnetic resonance image of a woman with liver metastases who was treated with lapatinib. After treatment, the HBP images appeared like portal venous phase images. This suggests that lapatinib, an inhibitor of organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1, one of the substrates of EOB, inhibits EOB uptake by hepatocytes. In patients treated with lapatinib, the ability to diagnose liver tumors on HBP images may be compromised.
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Bhosale P, Kwek JW, Iyer R, Wei W, Bassett R, Kundra V. Follow-up of known carcinoid liver metastases: is respiratory-gated t(2) fast spin-echo enough? Neuroendocrinology 2011; 93:241-8. [PMID: 21474918 DOI: 10.1159/000326237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2010] [Accepted: 02/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the reliability of T(1)-weighted, T(2)-weighted, and different phases of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI in the detection and reproducible size assessment of known carcinoid hepatic metastases. MATERIALS AND METHODS 22 patients with known carcinoid hepatic metastases qualified for the study. Three readers reviewed MRI images twice independently at sessions that were >2 weeks apart. The best sequences for metastases conspicuity, number and size, and reproducibility of size were compared subjectively. Linear mixed models were used to compare the number and size of metastases between readers and sequences, with the significance level set at p < 0.05. RESULTS The best overall sequence rated was T(2) FSE (fast spin-echo). The average numbers of metastases was equivalent using T(1)-weighted arterial and T(2) FSE but less for T(2) FRFSE (fast-recovery, fast spin-echo) or delayed imaging. 1,067 lesions were detected and 66 were measured twice by three readers. There was no significant difference between the sequences or between the readings in size measurement when the same sequence was used. However, there was a difference among sequences for size of metastases (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION T(2) FSE can be used as a basic sequence in detecting and monitoring the size of carcinoid hepatic metastases and may serve as the primary sequence in patients with contrast allergy or at risk for nephrogenic systemic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Bhosale
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Ringe KI, Gupta RT, Brady CM, Massey CM, Hahn A, Galanski M, Merkle EM, Lotz J. Respiratory-triggered Three-dimensional T2-weighted MR Cholangiography after Injection of Gadoxetate Disodium: Is It Still Reliable? Radiology 2010; 255:451-8. [DOI: 10.1148/radiol.10091130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Tanimoto A. Gadoxetic acid (Gd-EOB-DTPA) in contrast-enhanced MRI for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.2217/iim.09.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Stroszczynski C, Gaffke G, Gnauck M, Streitparth F, Wieners G, Lopez-Häninnen E. [Current status of MRI diagnostics with liver-specific contrast agents. Gd-EOB-DTPA and Gd-BOPTA]. Radiologe 2005; 44:1185-91. [PMID: 15549226 DOI: 10.1007/s00117-004-1134-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The contrast agents Gd-EOB-DTPA and Gd-BOPTA can be administered by bolus injection and are appropriate for use in MRI both as vascularization markers and markers of hepatobiliary excretion. This contribution presents an overview of the specific characteristics of contrast media and the status of clinical development. In comparison to CT and to MRI with unspecific extracellular Gd-chelates, liver-specific contrast agents offer advantages in differentiating unclear liver lesions, increasing the detection rate, and examining the bile duct system.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Stroszczynski
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Strahlenheilkunde, Campus-Virchow-Klinikum der Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin.
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Schneider G, Reimer P, Mamann A, Kirchin MA, Morana G, Grazioli L. Contrast agents in abdominal imaging: current and future directions. Top Magn Reson Imaging 2005; 16:107-24. [PMID: 16314700 DOI: 10.1097/01.rmr.0000189025.80743.5c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging is an established imaging method for the evaluation of the abdomen. Accurate assessment of the liver, spleen, pancreas, bile ducts, vascular structures, and retroperitoneal organs (eg, the kidneys, the collecting system, and the adrenals) are possible on MR imaging. The intravenous administration of MR contrast agents can frequently improve the examination and provide more specific diagnoses. The advent of more specific, "hepatobiliary" contrast agents has further improved the differential diagnostic process, particularly for MR imaging of the liver. The availability of orally administered MR contrast agents has further extended the range of abdominal applications, making MR imaging of the small bowel and the colon established imaging procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Günther Schneider
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany
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Petersein J, Spinazzi A, Giovagnoni A, Soyer P, Terrier F, Lencioni R, Bartolozzi C, Grazioli L, Chiesa A, Manfredi R, Marano P, Van Persijn Van Meerten EL, Bloem JL, Petre C, Marchal G, Greco A, McNamara MT, Heuck A, Reiser M, Laniado M, Claussen C, Daldrup HE, Rummeny E, Kirchin MA, Pirovano G, Hamm B. Focal liver lesions: evaluation of the efficacy of gadobenate dimeglumine in MR imaging--a multicenter phase III clinical study. Radiology 2000; 215:727-36. [PMID: 10831691 DOI: 10.1148/radiology.215.3.r00jn14727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate gadobenate dimeglumine (Gd-BOPTA) for dynamic and delayed magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of focal liver lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS In 126 of 214 patients, MR imaging was performed before Gd-BOPTA administration, immediately after bolus administration of a 0.05- mmol/kg dose of Gd-BOPTA, and 60-120 minutes after an additional intravenously infused 0.05-mmol/kg dose. In 88 patients, imaging was performed before and 60-120 minutes after a single, intravenously infused 0.1-mmol/kg dose. T1- and T2-weighted spin-echo and T1-weighted gradient-echo images were acquired. On-site and blinded off-site reviewers prospectively evaluated all images. Intraoperative ultrasonography, computed tomography (CT) during arterial portography, and/or CT with iodized oil served as the reference methods in 110 patients. RESULTS Significantly more lesions were detected on combined pre- and postcontrast images compared with on precontrast images alone (P <. 01). All reviewers reported a decreased mean size of the smallest detected lesion and improved lesion conspicuity on postcontrast images. All on-site reviewers and two off-site reviewers reported increased overall diagnostic confidence (P <.01). Additional lesion characterization information was provided on up to 109 (59%) of 184 delayed images and for up to 50 (42%) of 118 patients in whom dynamic images were assessed. Gd-BOPTA would have helped change the diagnosis in 99 (47%) of 209 cases and affected patient treatment in 408 (23%) of 209 cases. CONCLUSION Gd-BOPTA increases liver lesion conspicuity and detectability and aids in the characterization of lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Petersein
- Institute for Radiodiagnostics, Medizinische Fakultät, Humboldt-Universität, Berlin, Germany
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Abstract
Liver-specific MR imaging contrast agents consist of iron oxide particles or specially designed paramagnetic complexes targeting either the reticulo-endothelial system of the liver or the hepatocytes. These agents enhance the relaxation of water molecules in normal liver tissue and are excluded from abnormal tissue, such as metastases. Relaxation enhancement provides a map of normal liver function, increasing conspicuity of focal abnormalities. Understanding the indications and use of these agents is a central challenge for radiologists practicing liver MR imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- P F Hahn
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, USA
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