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Zhao YX, Borjigin S, Yan ZL. Functional annotation and enrichment analysis of differentially expressed serum proteins in patients with type 2 diabetes after dapagliflozin. World J Diabetes 2022; 13:224-239. [PMID: 35432754 PMCID: PMC8984562 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v13.i3.224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Only 50% of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) can control their blood glucose levels. Dapagliflozin is a selective inhibitor of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT-2) that improves the insulin sensitivity of the liver and peripheral tissues. Many studies confirmed that SGLT2 inhibitors reduce blood glucose and have multiple beneficial effects such as weight loss, lipid regulation, and kidney protection. Nevertheless, the mechanisms of the renal and cardiovascular protective effects of dapagliflozin from the perspective of differentially expressed proteins in the serum of T2DM patients have not been intensively explored so far.
AIM To identify differentially expressed proteins associated with dapagliflozin treatment in patients with T2DM.
METHODS Twenty T2DM patients [hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) 7.0%-10.0%] were enrolled at The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University between January 1, 2017 and December 1, 2018. They received dapagliflozin (10 mg/d) for 3 mo, and the HbA1c < 7.0% target was achieved. The changes in clinical indexes were compared before and after treatments. Label-free quantitative proteomics was used to identify differentially expressed proteins using the serum samples of five patients. The identified differentially expressed proteins were analyzed using various bioinformatics tools.
RESULTS Dapagliflozin significantly improved the clinical manifestation of the patients. There were 18 downregulated proteins and one upregulated protein in the serum samples of patients after dapagliflozin administration. Bioinformatics analyses, including subcellular localization, EuKaryotic Orthologous Groups, Gene Ontology, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes annotations, were used to profile the biological characteristics of the 19 differentially expressed proteins. Based on the literature and function enrichment analysis, two downregulated proteins, myeloperoxidase (MPO) and alpha II B integrin (ITGA2B), and one upregulated protein, podocalyxin (PCX), were selected for enzyme linked immunosorbent assay validation. These validated differentially expressed proteins had multiple correlations with clinical indexes, including HbAc1 and fasting C-peptide.
CONCLUSION Dapagliflozin has hypoglycemic effects and regulates the serum expressions of MPO, ITGA2B, and PCX, possibly contributing to the effects of dapagliflozin on oxidative stress, insulin resistance, and lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Xue Zhao
- Basic Building Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010000, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Sarul Borjigin
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010000, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Zhao-Li Yan
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010000, Inner Mongolia, China
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Helmer P, Damm E, Schiekofer S, Roomp K, Schneider JG. β3-integrin Leu33Pro gain of function variant does not modulate inflammatory activity in human derived macrophages in diabetes. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:2661-2665. [PMID: 34104098 PMCID: PMC8176178 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.55648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: We aimed to investigate the association between the Leu33Pro (rs5918) polymorphism in β3-integrin with diabetic complications and inflammatory function of macrophages depending on the genotype in subjects with diabetes mellitus. Material and methods: We determined the Leu33Pro polymorphism in 186 diabetic subjects and collected laboratory data. Monocytes from 24 patients were collected for macrophage differentiation to determine the inflammatory activity by treating with different stimulants. Results: We could demonstrate that human derived differentiated macrophages expressed β3‑integrin. Their secretory capacity upon inflammatory stimulation did not reveal any differences depending on the Leu33Pro variant. We found trends for an association of the polymorphism with the presence of diabetic nephropathy (p = 0.071), as well as with creatinine [1.32 mg/dL (1) vs. 0.98 mg/dL (0)] (p = 0.029 in recessive model) and glomerular filtration rate [75.6 ml/min ± 22 vs. 62.3 ml/min ± 25] (p = 0.076 in recessive model) as quantitative markers of kidney function. Conclusion: Despite the expression of β3‑integrin in human macrophages, the Leu33Pro polymorphism in β3‑integrin does not modify the inflammatory response upon stimulation but might play a role in the progression of diabetic nephropathy. Further studies are necessary to substantiate such a hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Helmer
- Saarland University, Medical Center, Dpt. of Internal Medicine II, Homburg, Saar, Germany
| | - Ellen Damm
- Saarland University, Medical Center, Dpt. of Internal Medicine II, Homburg, Saar, Germany
| | - Stephan Schiekofer
- Zentrum für Altersmedizin, Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie der Universität Regensburg am Bezirksklinikum, Regensburg, Germany.,Sigmund Freud Privat-Universität, Wien, Austria
| | - Kirsten Roomp
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg, and Centre Hospitalier Emile Mayrisch, Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Jochen G Schneider
- Saarland University, Medical Center, Dpt. of Internal Medicine II, Homburg, Saar, Germany.,Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg, and Centre Hospitalier Emile Mayrisch, Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg
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Stratmann B, Xu T, Meisinger C, Menart B, Roden M, Herder C, Grallert H, Peters A, Koenig W, Illig T, Wichmann HE, Wang-Sattler R, Rathmann W, Tschoepe D. PLA1A2 platelet polymorphism predicts mortality in prediabetic subjects of the population based KORA S4-Cohort. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2014; 13:90. [PMID: 24886443 PMCID: PMC4022397 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-13-90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The genetic polymorphism concerning the ß3-subunit of platelet integrin receptor glycoprotein IIIa is held responsible for enhanced binding of adhesive proteins resulting in increased thrombogenic potential. Whether it is associated with mortality, HbA1c or platelet volume is tested prospectively in an epidemiological cohort. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Population-based Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg (KORA) S4-Survey (N = 4,028) was investigated for prognostic value of PLA1A2-polymorphism regarding all-cause mortality, correlation with HbA1c, and mean platelet volume. Multivariate analysis was performed to investigate association between genotype and key variables. RESULTS Prevalence of thrombogenic allele variant PLA2 was 15.0%. Multivariate analysis revealed no association between PLA1A2 polymorphism and mortality in the KORA-cohort. HbA1c was a prognostic marker of mortality in non-diabetic persons resulting in J-shaped risk curve with dip at HbA1c = 5.5% (37 mmol/mol), confirming previous findings regarding aged KORA-S4 participants (55-75 years). PLA1A2 was significantly associated with elevated HbA1c levels in diabetic patients (N = 209) and reduced mean platelet volume in general population. In non-diabetic participants (N = 3,819), carriers of PLA2 allele variant presenting with HbA1c > 5.5% (37 mmol/mol) showed higher relative risk of mortality with increasing HbA1c. CONCLUSION PLA1A2 polymorphism is associated with mortality in participants with HbA1c ranging from 5.5% (37 mmol/mol) to 6.5% (48 mmol/mol). Maintenance of euglycemic control and antiplatelet therapy are therefore regarded as effective primary prevention in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Stratmann
- Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, Ruhr University Bochum, Georgstr. 11, D-32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Tao Xu
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center of Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christa Meisinger
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center of Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Menart
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Roden
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Christian Herder
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Harald Grallert
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center of Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center of Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Koenig
- Department Internal Medicine II, University Clinic Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Illig
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center of Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Hannover Unified Biobank, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Heinz-Erich Wichmann
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center of Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Rui Wang-Sattler
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center of Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Rathmann
- Institute of Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Diethelm Tschoepe
- Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, Ruhr University Bochum, Georgstr. 11, D-32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
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Li MP, Xiong Y, Xu A, Zhou JP, Tang J, Zhang ZL, Zhou HH, Zhang W, Chen XP. Association of platelet ITGA2B and ITGB3 polymorphisms with ex vivo antiplatelet effect of ticagrelor in healthy Chinese male subjects. Int J Hematol 2014; 99:263-71. [PMID: 24474638 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-014-1502-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Ticagrelor (TIC) is the first reversible P2Y12 receptor antagonist that exhibits rapid antiplatelet effect by indirect inhibition of the GPIIb/IIIa complex. Polymorphisms in genes coding GPIIb/IIIa, namely ITGA2B and ITGB3, are associated with aspirin resistance and risk for thrombotic diseases. We assessed whether ITGA2B and ITGB3 polymorphisms can influence the ex vivo antiplatelet activity of ticagrelor in Chinese population. A total of 196 healthy Chinese male individuals were recruited. ADP-induced platelet aggregation was determined using optical aggregometry at baseline and after incubation of the platelet-rich plasma with 15 and 50 μM ticagrelor, respectively. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in ITGA2B (rs5911 G>T) and ITGB3 (rs4642 A>G and rs4634 G>A) were genotyped by sequencing. TIC at both concentrations of 15 and 50 μM decreased ADP-induced platelet aggregation significantly (P < 0.05, respectively). As compared to ITGA2B rs5911 GG homozygotes, individuals with the rs5911 TG genotype showed significantly increased inhibition of platelet aggregation (IPA) by both 15 and 50 μM ticagrelor incubation (P < 0.05, respectively). Neither rs4642 nor rs4634 polymorphism affected ticagrelor-induced IPA. We suggest that the ITGA2B rs5911 GG genotype is associated with decreased ex vivo antiplatelet activity of ticagrelor in healthy Chinese male subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu-Peng Li
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
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Verdoia M, Secco GG, Barbieri L, Cassetti E, Schaffer A, Sinigaglia F, Marino P, Suryapranata H, De Luca G. Platelet HPA-1 a/HPA-1 b polymorphism and the risk of periprocedural myocardial infarction in patients undergoing elective PCI. Platelets 2013; 25:367-72. [PMID: 24283589 DOI: 10.3109/09537104.2013.821602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Periprocedural myocardial infarction (PMI) represents a relatively common complication of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and large interests have been focused on platelets in order to prevent such a complication. The single nucleotide polymorphism Leu33Pro of platelet glycoprotein IIIa has been related to an increased platelet reactivity, a lower response to antiplatelet agents and higher risk of stent restenosis. Therefore, aim of our study was to evaluate the impact of this polymorphism on PMI in elective patients undergoing PCI. Our population is represented by 422 consecutive patients with cardiac biomarkers within normality undergoing elective PCI. We measured cardiac biomarkers (CK-MB and Troponin I) at baseline, and 8, 24 and 48 hours after the procedure. For all subjects, we performed genetic analysis to assess the presence of Leu33Pro polymorphism. A total of 136 patients (32.2%) were polymorphic. Those patients were younger (p = 0.03) and more often dislypidemic (p = 0.01). Angiographic features did not differ according to genetic status. Pharmacological treatment pre and during angioplasty was similar. PCI-related complications did not differ according to genotype, with the only exception of higher rate of distal embolization in polymorphic patients. However, Leu33Pro polymorphism was not associated with increased risk of periprocedural myonecrosis and PMI even after correction for baseline differences, (respectively OR = 1.22 [0.81-1.84], p = 0.34 for myonecrosis and OR = 1.66 [0.85-3.23]; p = 0.14 for PMI). At subgroup analysis, the Leu33Pro substitution was associated with higher risk of PMI only among diabetics (adjusted OR = 4.46 [1.12-17.76], p = 0.03). Among patients undergoing elective PCI, the polymorphism Leu33Pro of platelet glycoprotein IIIa is associated with increased risk of PMI only in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Verdoia
- Division of Cardiology, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria "Maggiore della Carità", Eastern Piedmont University , Novara , Italy
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The a1/a2 polymorphism of the glycoprotein IIIa gene and myocardial infarction in Caucasians with type 2 diabetes. Mol Biol Rep 2012. [PMID: 23184042 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-2265-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A PlA1/A2 polymorphism of glycoprotein IIIa is known to be involved in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease (CAD) and myocardial infarction (MI). The aim of this study was to investigate an association between the PlA1/A2 polymorphism of the glycoprotein IIIa gene and the risk of MI in Caucasians with type 2 diabetes. 549 Caucasians with type 2 diabetes were enrolled in the cross sectional retrospective case-control study: 224 patients with MI and 325 diabetic subjects without CAD. Blood biochemical analysis was performed. The polymerase chain reaction with restriction fragment length polymorphism was used for genetic analysis. Patients with MI were older (62 ± 11.8 vs. 58.5 ± 11.6 years; P < 0.001), and had a longer duration of type 2 diabetes (17.6 ± 8.9 vs. 15.1 ± 9.2; P = 0.01) compared to the diabetics without CAD. A significant difference in distribution of the A2A2 genotype of glycoprotein IIIa was not found between 224 diabetic patients with MI in comparison to 325 diabetics without CAD (11.6 vs. 14,1 %; n.s.). The diabetes duration and male sex were independent factors for the development of MI, whereas the PlA1/A2 polymorphism of glycoprotein IIIa was not. To conclude, The A2A2 genotype of the glycoprotein IIIa polymorphism was not associated with MI risk in Caucasians with type 2 diabetes.
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Platelet glycoprotein IIIA PIA2 polymorphism is associated with ST elevation acute myocardial infarction in young Mexican population. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2012; 33:389-96. [PMID: 22466811 DOI: 10.1007/s11239-012-0714-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Platelet membrane glycoprotein IIb/IIIa plays an important role in adhesion and platelet aggregation. Polymorphisms of genes in platelet activation and fibrinolysis have been associated with myocardial infarction (MI), however this has not been confirmed by others, and results are still controversial. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency distribution and association of polymorphism in the platelet glycoprotein GPIIIa PLA/A2 and the possible interaction with the 4G/5G in the plasminogen activator inhibitor genes with ST elevation acute myocardial infarction (STEAMI) in young Mexican subjects. A total of 254 unrelated patients with first STEAMI ≤45 years of age, who were admitted to a cardiovascular intense care unit and 254 healthy controls matched by age and gender were recruited from January 2006 and May 2011. The PIA1/A2 and 4G/5G polymorphism were determined in all participants by a PCR restriction based restriction endonuclease digestion. There was a difference in the PIA2 allele distribution between both groups (P = 0.001). Also, we found an increased percent of 4G allele in the group of patients compared to control group (P = 0.001). There was an increased risk for STEAMI in carries with the allele PIA2 and 4G (OR = 4.3, CI 95 % 1.7-6.5). The modifiable risk factors such: smoking, hypertension, family history of cardiovascular disease, and dyslipidemia were associated with myocardial infarction. This is the first study to evaluate the role of gene polymorphism in both the thrombotic and fibrinolytic pathways in young Mexican individuals with STEAMI and suggest a synergistic effect between PIA2 and 4G allele.
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Nikolajević-Starčević J, Petrovič MG, Petrovič D. A1/A2 polymorphism of the glycoprotein IIIa gene and diabetic retinopathy in Caucasians with type 2 diabetes. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2011; 39:665-72. [PMID: 22452684 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-9071.2011.02520.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A PlA1/A2 polymorphism of glycoprotein IIIa is known to be involved in the pathogenesis of arterial thrombosis, myocardial infarction, stroke and type 2 diabetes, but there is no evidence of association with diabetic retinopathy. The aim of this study was to examine the role of the PlA1/A2 polymorphism of the glycoprotein IIIa gene in the development of diabetic retinopathy in Caucasians with type 2 diabetes. DESIGN Cross-sectional case-control study. PARTICIPANTS Totally 222 patients with diabetic retinopathy and 120 diabetic subjects without clinical signs of diabetic retinopathy from the Eye Clinic, University Medical Centre Ljubljana were enrolled in the study. METHODS Fundus examination and blood biochemical analysis were performed. The polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism were used. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein levels, fasting blood glucose and HbA(1c) were measured, and the genotypes of the PlA1/A2 polymorphism were determined. RESULTS Patients with diabetic retinopathy had earlier onset, longer duration of type 2 diabetes and a higher incidence of insulin therapy compared to the diabetic patients without diabetic retinopathy. A significantly lower frequency of the A2A2 genotype of glycoprotein IIIa was found in diabetic patients with retinopathy compared to those without retinopathy (odds ratio = 0.49, 95% confidence interval = 0.28-0.89; P = 0.018). CONCLUSIONS The A2A2 genotype of the glycoprotein IIIa polymorphism was associated with lower risk for diabetic retinopathy in Caucasians with type 2 diabetes. Further studies are needed to elucidate its protective role in the development of diabetic retinopathy in Caucasians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovana Nikolajević-Starčević
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, University of Ljubljana Eye Clinic, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Henry M, Davidson L, Cohen Z, McDonagh PF, Nolan PE, Ritter LS. Whole blood aggregation, coagulation, and markers of platelet activation in diet-induced diabetic C57BL/6J mice. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2009; 84:11-8. [PMID: 19233499 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2009.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2008] [Revised: 01/13/2009] [Accepted: 01/19/2009] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Type 2 diabetes in humans is associated with hypercoaguability; however, little is known about platelet function in mouse models of type 2 diabetes used to study this disorder. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine platelet aggregation, coagulation, and markers of platelet activation in a diet-induced mouse model of type 2 diabetes. METHODS Four week old, male, C57BL/6J mice were randomized to a standard chow or high fat (60% beef lard) diet for 4 months. To examine platelet function we measured ADP-induced whole blood aggregometry, whole blood coagulation by thromboelastography, tail bleeding times, platelet microparticle and platelet expression of p-selectin and platelet expression of CD61 by flow cytometry. RESULTS Diabetic mice exhibited less aggregation (p<0.05), less coagulation (p<0.01), prolonged tail bleeding times (n.s.), and lower agonist stimulated platelet CD61 expression (p<0.001) compared to non-diabetic mice. There was no difference in platelet microparticle and platelet p-selectin expression. CONCLUSIONS Diet-induced type 2 diabetic mouse do not demonstrate the hypercoagulability and platelet activation typically observed in humans with this disorder. More studies are warranted to further explore platelet function in this mouse model; to determine their applicability for studying these alterations in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Henry
- School of Nursing, The University of Northern Colorado, Office 3290 Gunter Hall, Greeley, CO 80639, USA.
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O'Brien JJ, Ray DM, Spinelli SL, Blumberg N, Taubman MB, Francis CW, Wittlin SD, Phipps RP. The platelet as a therapeutic target for treating vascular diseases and the role of eicosanoid and synthetic PPARgamma ligands. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2006; 82:68-76. [PMID: 17164134 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2006.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2006] [Accepted: 05/11/2006] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The platelet was traditionally thought only to serve as the instigator of thrombus formation, but now is emerging as a pivotal player in cardiovascular disease and diabetes by inciting and maintaining inflammation. Upon activation, platelets synthesize eicosanoids such as thromboxane A2 (TXA2) and PGE2 and release pro-inflammatory mediators including CD40 ligand (CD40L). These mediators activate not only platelets, but also stimulate vascular endothelial cells and leukocytes. These autocrine and paracrine activation processes make platelets an important target for attenuating inflammation. The growing interest and recent discoveries in platelet biology has lead to the search for therapeutic platelet targets. Recently, platelets, although anucleate, were discovered to possess the transcription factor PPARgamma. Treatment with eicosanoid and synthetic PPARgamma ligands blunts platelet release of the bioactive mediators, soluble (s) CD40L and TXA2, in thrombin-activated platelets. PPARgamma ligand treatment may prove useful for dampening unwanted platelet activation and chronic inflammatory diseases such as cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie J O'Brien
- Department of Environmental Medicine and the Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Box 850, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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Abstract
Diabetes is a well-recognised risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and in fact most diabetic patients die from vascular complications. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) and the U.K. Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) indicate a consistent relationship between hyperglycaemia and the incidence of chronic vascular complications in patients with diabetes. Platelets are essential for haemostasis, and abnormalities of platelet function may cause vascular disease in diabetes. Diabetic patients have hyperreactive platelets with exaggerated adhesion, aggregation and thrombin generation. In summary, the entire coagulation cascade is dysfunctional in diabetes. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the physiological role of platelets in maintaining haemostasis and of the pathophysiological processes that contribute to platelet dysfunction in diabetes and associated cardiovascular diseases, with special emphasis on proteomic approaches and leukocyte-platelet cross-talk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Stratmann
- Herz- und Diabeteszentrum NRW, Georgstral3e 11, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
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März W, Boehm BO, Winkelmann BR, Hoffmann MM. The PlA1/A2 polymorphism of platelet glycoprotein IIIa is not associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes. The Ludwigshafen Risk and Cardiovascular Health study. Diabetologia 2004; 47:1969-73. [PMID: 15565371 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-004-1557-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2004] [Accepted: 07/26/2004] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The PlA1/A2 polymorphism of platelet glycoprotein IIIa (GPIIIa) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. We studied this polymorphism in a homogenous, extensively phenotyped cohort using the candidate gene approach. METHODS The PlA1/A2 polymorphism was determined in 1051 patients with type 2 diabetes and in 2247 individuals without type 2 diabetes. RESULTS In patients with type 2 diabetes, genotype frequencies were as follows: PlA1/A1 71.4%, PlA1/A2 26.0%, and PlA2/A2 2.7%. In individuals without type 2 diabetes, genotype frequencies were 71.6%, 25.7% and 2.8%, respectively. The PlA2 allele was not associated with fasting and postprandial glucose, glycated haemoglobin, insulin, proinsulin, C-peptide and calculated indices of insulin resistance or pancreatic beta cell function. The PlA2 allele was also not significantly associated with angiographic CHD (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.13; 95% CI, 0.93-1.39) or with a history of previous myocardial infarction (adjusted OR 1.09; 95% CI, 0.87-1.37). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION The GPIIIa PlA1/A2 polymorphism is not associated with type 2 diabetes, glucose metabolism, angiographic CHD or myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- W März
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria.
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Tschoepe D. Author reply to Reiger et. al. commentary on Genetic variation of the platelet- surface integrin GPIIb-IIIa (PIA1/A2-SNP) shows a high association with Type 2 diabetes mellitus.Diabetologia. 2003 Jul;46(7):984-9. Diabetologia 2004; 47:962. [PMID: 15170501 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-004-1398-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2004] [Accepted: 03/31/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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