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Yan YS, Feng C, Yu DQ, Tian S, Zhou Y, Huang YT, Cai YT, Chen J, Zhu MM, Jin M. Long-term outcomes and potential mechanisms of offspring exposed to intrauterine hyperglycemia. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1067282. [PMID: 37255932 PMCID: PMC10226394 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1067282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus during pregnancy, which can be classified into pregestational diabetes and gestational diabetes, has become much more prevalent worldwide. Maternal diabetes fosters an intrauterine abnormal environment for fetus, which not only influences pregnancy outcomes, but also leads to fetal anomaly and development of diseases in later life, such as metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, neuropsychiatric outcomes, reproduction malformation, and immune dysfunction. The underlying mechanisms are comprehensive and ambiguous, which mainly focus on microbiota, inflammation, reactive oxygen species, cell viability, and epigenetics. This review concluded with the influence of intrauterine hyperglycemia on fetal structure development and organ function on later life and outlined potential mechanisms that underpin the development of diseases in adulthood. Maternal diabetes leaves an effect that continues generations after generations through gametes, thus more attention should be paid to the prevention and treatment of diabetes to rescue the pathological attacks of maternal diabetes from the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Shang Yan
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chun Feng
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dan-Qing Yu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shen Tian
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yin Zhou
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Ting Huang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Ting Cai
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Miao-Miao Zhu
- Department of Operating Theatre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Min Jin
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Meurer M, Höcherl K. Endotoxaemia differentially regulates the expression of renal Ca 2+ transport proteins in mice. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2019; 225:e13175. [PMID: 30133162 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIM Alterations in parathyroid hormone (PTH) and/or vitamin D signalling are frequently reported in patients with sepsis. The consequences on renal and intestinal Ca2+ and Pi regulatory mechanisms are still unclear. We hypothesized that endotoxaemia alters the expression of important renal and intestinal Ca2+ and Pi transport proteins. METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 3 mg/kg; i.p.). The mRNA and protein levels of renal and intestinal Ca2+ and Pi transport proteins were measured by RT-qPCR, immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. RESULTS Lipopolysaccharide-induced hypocalcaemia and hyperphosphataemia was paralleled by a decrease in glomerular filtration rate and urinary excretion of Ca2+ and Pi . Endotoxaemia augmented plasma levels of PTH and affected the fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23)-klotho-vitamin D axis by increasing plasma levels of FGF23 and downregulation of renal klotho expression. Renal expression of CYP27b1 and plasma levels of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 were increased in response to LPS. Endotoxaemia augmented the renal expression of TRPV5, TRPV6 and PiT1, whereas the renal expression of calbindin-D28K , NCX1, NaPi -2a and NaPi -2c were decreased. Incubation of primary distal tubule cells with LPS increased TRPV6 mRNA levels. Furthermore, LPS decreased the intestinal expression of TRPV6, calbindin-D9K and of NaPi -2b. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that endotoxaemia is associated with hypocalcaemia and hyperphosphataemia and a disturbed FGF23-klotho-vitamin D signaling. Further, LPS-induced acute kidney injury was accompanied by an increased or decreased expression of specific renal and intestinal Ca2+ and Pi transporters respectively. It seems unlikely that LPS-induced hypocalcaemia is due to renal loss of Ca2+ .
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Meurer
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU); Erlangen Germany
| | - Klaus Höcherl
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU); Erlangen Germany
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Stafford N, Wilson C, Oceandy D, Neyses L, Cartwright EJ. The Plasma Membrane Calcium ATPases and Their Role as Major New Players in Human Disease. Physiol Rev 2017; 97:1089-1125. [PMID: 28566538 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00028.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Ca2+ extrusion function of the four mammalian isoforms of the plasma membrane calcium ATPases (PMCAs) is well established. There is also ever-increasing detail known of their roles in global and local Ca2+ homeostasis and intracellular Ca2+ signaling in a wide variety of cell types and tissues. It is becoming clear that the spatiotemporal patterns of expression of the PMCAs and the fact that their abundances and relative expression levels vary from cell type to cell type both reflect and impact on their specific functions in these cells. Over recent years it has become increasingly apparent that these genes have potentially significant roles in human health and disease, with PMCAs1-4 being associated with cardiovascular diseases, deafness, autism, ataxia, adenoma, and malarial resistance. This review will bring together evidence of the variety of tissue-specific functions of PMCAs and will highlight the roles these genes play in regulating normal physiological functions and the considerable impact the genes have on human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Stafford
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Wilson
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Delvac Oceandy
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ludwig Neyses
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth J Cartwright
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Maternal hypomagnesemia alters renal function but does not program changes in the cardiovascular physiology of adult offspring. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2016; 7:473-480. [PMID: 27019320 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174416000106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Maternal undernutrition is known to adversely impact fetal health and development. Insults experienced in utero alter development of the fetus as it adapts to microenvironment stressors, leading to growth restriction and subsequent low birth weight. Infants born small for gestational age have significantly increased risk of developing cardiovascular and renal disease in later life, an effect that is often characterized by hypertension and reduced glomerular number. Maternal magnesium (Mg2+) deficiency during pregnancy impairs fetal growth, however, the long-term health consequences for the offspring remain unknown. Here, we used a mouse model of dietary Mg2+ deficiency before and during pregnancy to investigate cardiovascular and renal outcomes in male and female adult offspring at 6 months of age. There were no differences between groups in 24-h mean arterial pressure or heart rate as measured by radiotelemetry. Cardiovascular responses to aversive (restraint, dirty cage switch) and non-aversive (feeding response) stressors were also similar in all groups. There were no differences in nephron number, however, Mg2+-deficient offspring had increased urine flow (in both males and females) and reduced Mg2+ excretion (in males only). Despite evidence suggesting that maternal nutrient restriction programs for hypertension in adult offspring, we found that a moderate level of maternal dietary Mg2+ deficiency did not program for a nephron deficit, or alter cardiovascular function at 6 months of age. These data suggest there are no long-term adverse outcomes for the cardiovascular health of offspring of Mg2+ deficient mothers.
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Fetal hyperglycemia and a high-fat diet contribute to aberrant glucose tolerance and hematopoiesis in adult rats. Pediatr Res 2015; 77:316-25. [PMID: 25412163 PMCID: PMC4297501 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2014.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children exposed to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) during pregnancy are at increased risk of obesity, diabetes, and hypertension. Our goal was to identify metabolic and hematopoietic alterations after intrauterine exposure to maternal hyperglycemia that may contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic morbidities. METHODS Streptozotocin treatment induced maternal hyperglycemia during the last third of gestation in rat dams. Offspring of control mothers (OCM) and diabetic mothers (ODM) were evaluated for weight, glucose tolerance, insulin tolerance, and hematopoiesis defects. The effects of aging were examined in normal and high-fat diet (HFD)-fed young (8-wk-old) and aged (11-mo-old) OCM and ODM rats. RESULTS Young adult ODM males on a normal diet, but not females, displayed improved glucose tolerance due to increased insulin levels. Aged ODM males and females gained more weight than OCM on a HFD and had worse glucose tolerance. Aged ODM males fed a HFD were also neutrophilic. Increases in bone marrow cellularity and myeloid progenitors preceded neutrophilia in ODM males fed a HFD. CONCLUSION When combined with other risk factors like HFD and aging, changes in glucose metabolism and hematopoiesis may contribute to the increased risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and hypertension observed in children of GDM mothers.
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Bouroutzoglou M, Malamitsi-Puchner A, Boutsikou M, Marmarinos A, Baka S, Boutsikou T, Hassiakos D, Gourgiotis D, Briana DD. Biochemical markers of bone resorption are present in human milk: implications for maternal and neonatal bone metabolism. Acta Paediatr 2014; 103:1264-9. [PMID: 25109232 DOI: 10.1111/apa.12771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study investigated breast milk and maternal serum concentrations of biochemical markers of bone resorption, which may be implicated in both maternal and neonatal bone metabolism. METHODS Tests were carried out on 85 parturients 3-4 days after they gave birth. We measured their breast milk and serum concentrations for soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand (sRANKL) and cross-linked N-telopeptide of type I collagen (NTx). The sRANKL and NTx concentrations were associated with several perinatal parameters. RESULTS Soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand was detectable in breast milk at considerably lower concentrations than in maternal serum (p < 0.001), and these breast milk sRANKL concentrations were decreased in maternal diabetes (b = -0.366, 95% CI -0.622 to -0.110, p = 0.006). Breast milk NTx concentrations were higher in exclusive lactation (b = 0.269, 95% CI 0.014-0.524, p = 0.039), but lower in Caesarean sections (b = -0.224, 95% CI -0.428 to -0.019, p = 0.032). CONCLUSION Soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand is downregulated in breast milk, particularly in the case of diabetes. Breast milk NTx upregulation characterises exclusive lactation, and its downregulation characterises Caesarean section deliveries. Nutritional interventions in foetal life and early infancy may programme adult bone health and ameliorate diseases with developmental origins, such as osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maria Boutsikou
- Department of Neonatology; Athens University Medical School; Athens Greece
| | - Antonios Marmarinos
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry-Molecular Diagnostics; 2nd Department of Pediatrics; Athens University Medical School; Athens Greece
| | - Stavroula Baka
- Department of Neonatology; Athens University Medical School; Athens Greece
| | - Theodora Boutsikou
- Department of Neonatology; Athens University Medical School; Athens Greece
| | | | - Dimitrios Gourgiotis
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry-Molecular Diagnostics; 2nd Department of Pediatrics; Athens University Medical School; Athens Greece
| | - Despina D. Briana
- Department of Neonatology; Athens University Medical School; Athens Greece
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Long-term effects of gestational diabetes on offspring health are more pronounced in skeletal growth than body composition and glucose tolerance. Br J Nutr 2010; 104:1641-9. [PMID: 20615268 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114510002631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Infants of diabetic mothers may have low arachidonic acid (AA) and develop obesity and insulin resistance in adulthood. The present study tested the effect of maternal diabetes and AA supplementation on offspring body composition, bone mass and glucose tolerance from 4 to 12 weeks. Rat dams were randomised into six groups using a 3 × 2 design. The rat dams were treated using the following treatments: saline-placebo, streptozotocin-induced diabetes (STZ) with glucose controlled at < 13 mmol/l (STZ/GC) or poorly controlled at 13-20 mmol/l (STZ/PC) using insulin, and fed either a control or an AA (0.5 % of fat) diet throughout reproduction. Weaned offspring were fed regular chow. Measurements included offspring body composition, bone and oral glucose tolerance testing (OGTT) plus liver fatty acids of dam and offspring. Comparable to saline-placebo offspring, the STZ/GC offspring had greater (P < 0.03) whole body and regional bone area than STZ/PC offspring. Maternal glucose negatively correlated (P < 0.05) with offspring whole body bone area and mineral content at 4 weeks in all offspring, and with tibia area in males at 12 weeks. Maternal liver DHA negatively (P < 0.03) correlated with femur and tibia mineral content and tibia mineral density of female offspring at 12 weeks. Offspring from AA-supplemented dams had higher (P = 0.004) liver AA at 4 weeks. Liver AA at 4 weeks positively (P = 0.05) correlated with lumbar spine mineral density in males. OGTT was not affected by maternal treatment or diet. These results suggest that maternal glucose control has long-term consequences to bone health of adult offspring. Skeletal growth appears more sensitive to maternal hyperglycaemia than glucose tolerance.
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Bond H, Dilworth MR, Baker B, Cowley E, Requena Jimenez A, Boyd RDH, Husain SM, Ward BS, Sibley CP, Glazier JD. Increased maternofetal calcium flux in parathyroid hormone-related protein-null mice. J Physiol 2008; 586:2015-25. [PMID: 18258656 PMCID: PMC2375733 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2007.149104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) in fetal calcium homeostasis and placental calcium transport was examined in mice homozygous for the deletion of the PTHrP gene (PTHrP−/− null; NL) compared to PTHrP+/+ (wild-type; WT) and PTHrP+/− (heterozygous; HZ) littermates. Fetal blood ionized calcium was significantly reduced in NL fetuses compared to WT and HZ groups at 18 days of pregnancy (dp) with abolition of the fetomaternal calcium gradient. In situ placental perfusion of the umbilical circulation at 18 dp was used to measure unidirectional clearance of 45Ca across the placenta in maternofetal (CaKmf) and fetoplacental (CaKfp) directions; CaKfp was < 5% of CaKmf for all genotypes. At 18 dp, CaKmf across perfused placenta and intact placenta (CaKmf(intact)) were similar and concordant with net calcium accretion rates in vivo. CaKmf was significantly raised in NL fetuses compared to WT and HZ littermates. Calcium accretion was significantly elevated in NL fetuses by 19 dp. Placental calbindin-D9K expression in NL fetuses was marginally enhanced (P < 0.07) but expression of TRPV6/ECaC2 and plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase (PMCA) isoforms 1 and 4 were unaltered. We conclude that PTHrP is an important regulator of fetal calcium homeostasis with its predominant effect being on unidirectional maternofetal transfer, probably mediated by modifying placental calbindin-D9K expression. In situ perfusion of mouse placenta is a robust methodology for allowing detailed dissection of placental transfer mechanisms in genetically modified mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Bond
- Maternal and Fetal Heath Research Group, University of Manchester, St Mary's Hospital, Hathersage Road, Manchester M13 0JH, UK
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Ashton N, Al-Wasil SH, Bond H, Berry JL, Denton J, Freemont AJ. The effect of a low-protein diet in pregnancy on offspring renal calcium handling. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2007; 293:R759-65. [PMID: 17567711 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00523.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Low birth weight humans and rats exposed to a low-protein diet in utero have reduced bone mineral content. Renal calcium loss during the period of rapid skeletal growth is associated with bone loss. Because young rats exposed to low protein display altered renal function, we tested the hypothesis that renal calcium excretion is perturbed in this model. Pregnant Wistar rats were fed isocalorific diets containing either 18% (control) or 9% (low) protein throughout gestation. Using standard renal clearance techniques, Western blotting for renal calcium transport proteins, and assays for Na+-K+-ATPase activity and serum calcitropic hormones, we characterized calcium handling in 4-wk-old male offspring. Histomorphometric analyses of femurs revealed a reduction in trabecular bone mass in low-protein rats. Renal calcium (control vs. low protein: 10.4 ± 2.1 vs. 27.6 ± 4.5 nmol·min−1·100 g body wt−1; P < 0.01) and sodium excretion were increased, but glomerular filtration rate was reduced in low-protein animals. Total plasma calcium was reduced in low-protein rats ( P < 0.01), but ionized calcium, serum calcitropic hormone concentrations, and total body calcium did not differ. There was no significant change in plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase pump, epithelial calcium channel, or calbindin-D28K expression in low-protein rat kidneys. However, Na+-K+-ATPase activity was 36% lower ( P < 0.05) in low-protein rats. These data suggest that the hypercalciuria of low-protein rats arises through a reduction in passive calcium reabsorption in the proximal tubule rather than active distal tubule uptake. This may contribute to the reduction in bone mass observed in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Ashton
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, 1.124 Stopford Bldg., Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.
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