Individualised screening of diabetic foot: creation of a prediction model based on penalised regression and assessment of theoretical efficacy

Risk factors for at-risk foot and peripheral artery disease among the population with diabetes: A multicommunity-based cross-sectional study

AIMS

This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, characteristics, and influence factors of the at-risk foot with diabetes mellitus (DM).

METHODS

This study included 3030 DM patients from the at-risk foot screening program of Shanghai in China between March 21 and April 30 in 2021. Data were collected from the questionnaire survey, physical examination, and fasting blood sample.

RESULTS

The prevalence of at-risk foot was 27.8% among DM patients. After adjusted, the risk of higher at-risk grade increased with age and urinary albumin creatinine ratio (OR = 1.04, 95%CI = 1.02-1.06; OR = 1.001, 95%CI = 1.000-1.002, respectively), whereas decreased with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (OR = 0.991, 95%CI = 0.984-0.998). The incidence of peripheral artery disease (PAD) was 11.1% in all people with DM, and age, pulse rate, and low-density lipoprotein were independent risk factors for PAD. In contrast, high-density lipoprotein, eGFR, and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio were independent protective factors for PAD. Glycated hemoglobin HbA1c was not an independent risk factor for increased risk grade or more severe PAD.

CONCLUSIONS

The at-risk foot accounted for a high percentage among DM patients. Advanced age and renal dysfunction are independent risk factors for the at-risk foot. Glycemic control does not reduce the risk grade of at-risk foot and the incidence of PAD.

A scientometrics analysis and visualisation of diabetic foot research from 1955 to 2022

Diabetic foot (DF) has become a serious health problem in modern society, and it has been a hotspot of research for a long time. However, little scientometric analysis has been carried out on DF. In the present study, we analysed 8633 literature reports on DF in the Web of Science Core Collection from database inception until April 23, 2022. VOSviewer (Centre for Science and Technology Studies at Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands) and CiteSpace (College of Computing and Informatics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, United States) were employed to address high-impact countries and institutions, journals, references, research hotspots, and key research fields in DF research. Our analysis findings indicated that publications on DF have increased markedly since 2016 and were primarily published in the United States of America. The recent studies focus on the amniotic membrane, foot ulcers, osteomyelitis, and diabetic wound healing. The five keyword clusters, which included DF ulcer and wound healing therapies, management and guidelines, neuropathy and plantar pressure, amputation and ischemia, and DF infection and osteomyelitis, are helpful for enhancing prevention, standardising treatment, avoiding complications, and improving prognosis. These findings indicated a method for future therapies and research in DF.