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Edwards AC, Ohlsson H, Sundquist J, Crump C, Mościcki E, Sundquist K, Kendler KS. The role of substance use disorders in the transition from suicide attempt to suicide death: a record linkage study of a Swedish cohort. Psychol Med 2024; 54:90-97. [PMID: 36349370 PMCID: PMC10166763 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291722002240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicidal behavior and substance use disorders (SUDs) are important public health concerns. Prior suicide attempts and SUDs are two of the most consistent predictors of suicide death, and clarifying the role of SUDs in the transition from suicide attempt to suicide death could inform prevention efforts. METHODS We used national Swedish registry data to identify individuals born 1960-1985, with an index suicide attempt in 1997-2017 (N = 74 873; 46.7% female). We assessed risk of suicide death as a function of registration for a range of individual SUDs. We further examined whether the impact of SUDs varied as a function of (i) aggregate genetic liability to suicidal behavior, or (ii) age at index suicide attempt. RESULTS In univariate models, risk of suicide death was higher among individuals with any SUD registration [hazard ratios (HRs) = 2.68-3.86]. In multivariate models, effects of specific SUDs were attenuated, but remained elevated for AUD (HR = 1.86 95% confidence intervals 1.68-2.05), opiates [HR = 1.58 (1.37-1.82)], sedatives [HR = 1.93 (1.70-2.18)], and multiple substances [HR = 2.09 (1.86-2.35)]. In secondary analyses, the effects of most, but not all, SUD were exacerbated by higher levels of genetic liability to suicide death, and among individuals who were younger at their index suicide attempt. CONCLUSIONS In the presence of a strong predictor of suicide death - a prior attempt - substantial predictive power is still attributable to SUDs. Individuals with SUDs may warrant additional suicide screening and prevention efforts, particularly in the context of a family history of suicidal behavior or early onset of suicide attempt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis C. Edwards
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Henrik Ohlsson
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jan Sundquist
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Casey Crump
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Kristina Sundquist
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kenneth S. Kendler
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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Lee H, Lee W. Association between unmet healthcare needs and suicidal behaviors among the Korean population. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2023; 84:158-164. [PMID: 37499273 DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2023.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Suicide is an important public health concern. In South Korea, suicide rates have steadily risen over the past two decades. Unfortunately, there is a dearth of literature on the effects of unmet healthcare needs on suicide. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the relationship between unmet healthcare needs and suicidal behaviors (suicidal ideation, plans, and attempts). METHOD This study analyzed data from 27,498 participants assessed by the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted between 2016 and 2020. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the relationship between unmet healthcare needs and suicidal behaviors, while controlling for age, sex, education, household income, occupation, smoking, obesity, and alcohol consumption. RESULTS Adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval) were significantly higher in participants who experienced unmet healthcare needs [suicidal ideation: 2.31 (1.84-2.90); suicidal planning: 2.23 (1.75-2.85); and suicidal attempts: 1.92 (1.27-2.87)]. After stratifying for sex and depression, this trend was maintained in male participants and those without a depression diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS This study analyzed the relationship between unmet healthcare needs and suicidal behavior. Further studies using data sources that include more detailed information on suicide and somatic symptoms are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangyeol Lee
- College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Wanhyung Lee
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
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Cumming C, Bell MF, Segal L, Spittal MJ, Kinner SA, Dennison S, Dawe S, Preen DB. Maternal incarceration increases the risk of self-harm but not suicide: a matched cohort study. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci 2023; 32:e33. [PMID: 37161898 DOI: 10.1017/s2045796023000264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Children of incarcerated mothers are at increased risk of experiencing multiple adversity such as poverty, mental illness and contact with child protection services (CPS), including being taken into out of home care (OOHC). However, little is known about whether these children are at increased risk of suicide or self-harm compared to children not exposed to maternal incarceration or about the factors that may contribute to this. We aimed to investigate differences in the risk of suicide and self-harm between children exposed to maternal incarceration and those not exposed and examine how socio-demographic factors, maternal mental illness and CPS contact (with or without OOHC) may affect these outcomes. METHODS We used a retrospective matched cohort study design, comparing 7674 children exposed to maternal incarceration with 7674 non-exposed children. We used multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression to compare the risk of suicide and self-harm between exposed and non-exposed groups, controlling for geographical remoteness, CPS contact and maternal mental illness. RESULTS There was no significant difference in the rate of suicide (rate ratio [RR] = 1.49; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.78, 2.87) or risk of suicide (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 0.92; 95% CI: 0.43, 1.96) between the two groups. However, the exposed group had a significantly higher rate of self-harm (RR = 2.83; 95% CI: 2.50, 3.21) and a significantly higher risk of self-harm (aHR = 1.74; 95% CI: 1.45, 2.09) compared to those non-exposed. CPS contact with or without OOHC was independently associated with an increased risk of self-harm for both groups. CONCLUSION Children exposed to maternal incarceration are at an increased risk of self-harm and should be prioritized to receive targeted, multimodal support that continues after the mother's release from prison. The association between CPS contact and self-harm warrants further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig Cumming
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Megan F Bell
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Leonie Segal
- Australian Centre for Precision Health, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Matthew J Spittal
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Stuart A Kinner
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Justice Health Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Griffith Criminology Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Susan Dennison
- Griffith Criminology Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sharon Dawe
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
- The Hopkins Centre, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - David B Preen
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
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Caldieraro MA, Tung TC, Agudelo Baena LM, Vilapriño Duprat M, Corral RM, Alviso de la Serna LD, Saucedo E, Kanevsky G, Cabrera P. Depression and suicidality severity among TRD patients after 1-year under standard of care: Findings from the TRAL study, a multicenter, multinational, observational study in Latin America. SPANISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY AND MENTAL HEALTH 2023; 16:85-94. [PMID: 38591721 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpsm.2022.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Treatment resistant depression (TRD) is one of the most pressing issues in mental healthcare in LatAm. However, clinical data and outcomes of standard of care (SOC) are scarce. The present study reported on the Treatment-Resistant Depression in America Latina (TRAL) project 1-year follow-up of patients under SOC assessing clinical presentation and outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS 420 patients with clinical diagnoses of TRD from Argentina, Brazil, Colombia and Mexico were included in a 1-year follow-up to assess clinical outcomes of depression (MADRS) and suicidality (C-SSRS), as well as evolution of clinical symptoms of depression. Patients were assessed every 3 months and longitudinal comparison was performed based on change from baseline to each visit and end of study (12 months). Socio demographic characterization was also performed. RESULTS Most patients were female (80.9%), married (42.5%) or single (34.4%), with at least 10 years of formal education (71%). MDD diagnosis was set at 37.29 (SD=14.00) years, and MDD duration was 11.11 years (SD=10.34). After 1-year of SOC, 79.1% of the patients were still symptomatic, and 40% of the patients displayed moderate/severe depression. Only 44.1% of the patients achieved a response (≥50% improvement in MADRS), and 60% of the sample failed to achieve remission. Suicidal ideation was reported by more than half of the patients at the end of study. CONCLUSIONS Depression and suicidality symptoms after a 1-year of SOC is of great concern. Better therapeutic options are needed to tackle this debilitating and burdensome disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Antonio Caldieraro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Serviço de Psiquiatria, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Teng Chei Tung
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Manuel Vilapriño Duprat
- Médico Psiquiatra, Centro de Estudios Asistencia e Investigación en Neurociencias (CESASIN), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Ricardo Marcelo Corral
- Médico especialista en Psiquiatría; Presidente Fundación Estudio y Tratamiento de las Enfermedades Mentales, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Erasmo Saucedo
- Departamento de Psiquiatría del Hospital Universitario de la Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León/CIT-Neuropsique S.C (Centro de Investigación y Terapia), Argentina
| | - Gabriela Kanevsky
- Janssen-Cilag Farmacéutica (Argentina), Mendoza, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Examining mediators of associations of food insecurity and being bullied with suicide among in-school adolescents in Eswatini: a cross-sectional study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1668. [PMID: 36717579 PMCID: PMC9886993 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28767-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
We examined the potential mediating roles of anxiety and loneliness on the association of concurrent food insecurity (FI) and being bullied (BB) with suicidal behavior (SB) in Eswatini, a lower-middle-income country. We used data from the Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS; N = 3264), which employed a two-stage cluster sampling: first, 25 schools were selected based on the proportionate probability of enrollment; second, classes were randomly selected. A self-reported 84-item GSHS questionnaire was used to collect data for students aged 13-17 years. FI was measured by requesting students to recall how often they went hungry because of a lack of food at home in the 30 days before the study. Multiple logistic regressions and binary mediation function was applied to examine mediating factors of SB. The prevalence of SB, FI, and BB among adolescents was 27.5%, 7.7%, and 30.2%, respectively. Moreover, the relationship between FI and BB with SB was partly (approximately 24%) mediated by anxiety and loneliness. Our results highlight the mediating roles of anxiety and loneliness in suicidal adolescents who experience FI and BB. In conclusion, interventions for alleviating SB in high-risk adolescents experiencing FI and BB should also be aimed at ameliorating anxiety and loneliness.
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Elzinga E, Zomers M, van der Burg K, van Veen S, Schweren L, van Thiel G, van Wijngaarden E. Lifelong versus not lifelong death wishes in older adults without severe illness: a cross-sectional survey. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:885. [PMID: 36411442 PMCID: PMC9680128 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-03592-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some older adults with a persistent death wish without being severely ill report having had a death wish their whole lives (lifelong persistent death wish; L-PDW). Differentiating them from older adults without severe illness who developed a death wish later in life (persistent death wish, not lifelong; NL-PDW) can be relevant for the provision of adequate help and support. This study aims to gain insight into the characteristics, experiences, and needs of older adults with a L-PDW versus older adults with a NL-PDW and into the nature of their death wishes. METHODS In the Netherlands, in April 2019, a cross-sectional survey study was conducted among a large representative sample of 32,477 citizens aged 55 years and older. Respondents with a L-PDW (N = 50) were compared with respondents with a NL-PDW (N = 217) using descriptive statistics, Kruskal-Wallis tests, and Fisher's exact tests. RESULTS Respondents with a L-PDW were relatively younger and less often had (step)children. They less often looked back on a good and satisfying life with many good memories and more often reported trauma. Older adults with a NL-PDW more often reported loss and bereavement. Overall, the groups showed a lot of similarities. Both groups reported a death wish diverse in nature, numerous health problems, and a variety of needs for help and support. CONCLUSIONS Some of the differences we found between the groups might be particularly relevant for the provision of adequate help and support to older adults with a L-PDW (i.e., their past and trauma) and to older adults with a NL-PDW (i.e., their loss and bereavement). The heterogeneity of both groups and the diverse nature of their death wish indicate that careful assessment of the death wish, its background, and underlying needs is required to provide personalized help and support to older adults with a death wish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke Elzinga
- Research Department, 113 Suicide prevention, Paasheuvelweg 25, 1105 BP Amsterdam, the Netherlands ,grid.16872.3a0000 0004 0435 165XDepartment of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Margot Zomers
- grid.7692.a0000000090126352Department of Public Health, Healthcare Innovation & Evaluation and Medical Humanities, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Kiki van der Burg
- grid.7692.a0000000090126352Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sisco van Veen
- Research Department, 113 Suicide prevention, Paasheuvelweg 25, 1105 BP Amsterdam, the Netherlands ,grid.509540.d0000 0004 6880 3010Department of Psychiatry & Department of Ethics, Law and Humanities, Amsterdam University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lizanne Schweren
- Research Department, 113 Suicide prevention, Paasheuvelweg 25, 1105 BP Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ghislaine van Thiel
- grid.7692.a0000000090126352Department of Public Health, Healthcare Innovation & Evaluation and Medical Humanities, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Els van Wijngaarden
- grid.10417.330000 0004 0444 9382Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Palliative Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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Grover S, Rai B, Chakravarty R, Sahoo S, Mehra A, Chakrabarti S, Basu D. Suicidal behavior in new patients presenting to the Telepsychiatry services in a Tertiary Care center: An exploratory study. Asian J Psychiatr 2022; 74:103152. [PMID: 35716578 PMCID: PMC9385195 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2022.103152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has led to expansion of telepsychiatry services and formulation of telemedicine guidelines. However, the telemedicine guidelines are not very clear about psychiatric emergencies, such as suicidal behaviour, resulting in psychiatrists facing dilemma about handling such situations. AIM To evaluate the prevalence of suicidal behaviour in new patients presenting to the Telepsychiatry services in a Tertiary Care centre. METHODS 1065 new adult patients (aged > 18 years) registered with telepsychiatry services were assessed for suicidal behaviour, in the form of death wishes, suicidal ideations, plans, attempts (lifetime/recent) and non-suicidal self-injurious behaviour (NSSI) (lifetime/recent). RESULTS In terms of suicidal behaviour, in the last few weeks prior to assessment 14.4% of the patients had death wishes, 2.4% had thoughts of killing themselves, 0.9% had attempted suicide in the lifetime and 0.6% in the last few weeks, 1.1% had active suicidal ideations at the time of assessment, 0.6% had active suicidal plan, 1.3% had history of NSSI in the lifetime and 0.5% had NSSI behaviour in the last few weeks. Based on the current suicidal behaviour, 1.3% of the patients were asked to report to the emergency immediately, 0.5% were given an appointment within 72 h for follow-up, and 14.4% were explained high risk management. CONCLUSIONS Overall prevalence of suicidal behavior is relatively low in new patients seeking psychiatric help through telepsychiatry services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Grover
- Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India.
| | - Bhavika Rai
- Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Rahul Chakravarty
- Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Swapnajeet Sahoo
- Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Aseem Mehra
- Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Subho Chakrabarti
- Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Debasish Basu
- Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
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Moya MS, Caldarella P, Larsen RAA, Warren JS, Bitton JR, Feyereisen PM. Addressing Adolescent Stress in School: Perceptions of a High School Wellness Center. EDUCATION & TREATMENT OF CHILDREN 2022; 45:277-291. [PMID: 35854976 PMCID: PMC9281574 DOI: 10.1007/s43494-022-00079-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Adolescents are often burdened with academic, home, and peer stressors. With adolescent mental health issues and suicide on the rise, administrators have worked with nonprofit organizations and the community to address stress and internalized behavior problems. School-based wellness centers are tranquil rooms with various sensory activities, calming nature scenes, and sounds for relaxation purposes. School-based wellness centers may have behavioral effects by reducing exposure to aversive events and increasing access to positive and negative reinforcers. There has not yet been a formal study of school-based wellness centers published in the literature. In the present study, we used questionnaires to examine the perceptions of 752 students, 124 parents, and 69 school staff of their high school wellness center. Results indicated that stakeholders had positive perceptions of the wellness center. In particular, results implied that stakeholders believed the wellness center contributed to students' academic success, elevation of mood, confidence, and coping skills. Results also suggested that attendance at the wellness center was associated with a decrease in student stress and anxiety, though recommendations for improvements were noted. Implications and limitations of this study are discussed. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s43494-022-00079-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malka S. Moya
- Brigham Young University, 149D MCKB, Provo, UT 84602 USA
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Russell AE, Hemani G, Jones HJ, Ford T, Gunnell D, Heron J, Joinson C, Moran P, Relton C, Suderman M, Watkins S, Mars B. An exploration of the genetic epidemiology of non-suicidal self-harm and suicide attempt. BMC Psychiatry 2021; 21:207. [PMID: 33892675 PMCID: PMC8066869 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03216-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Empirical evidence supporting the distinction between suicide attempt (SA) and non-suicidal self-harm (NSSH) is lacking. Although NSSH is a risk factor for SA, we do not currently know whether these behaviours lie on a continuum of severity, or whether they are discrete outcomes with different aetiologies. We conducted this exploratory genetic epidemiology study to investigate this issue further. METHODS We explored the extent of genetic overlap between NSSH and SA in a large, richly-phenotyped cohort (the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children; N = 4959), utilising individual-level genetic and phenotypic data to conduct analyses of genome-wide complex traits and polygenic risk scores (PRS). RESULTS The single nucleotide polymorphism heritability of NSSH was estimated to be 13% (SE 0.07) and that of SA to be 0% (SE 0.07). Of the traits investigated, NSSH was most strongly correlated with higher IQ (rG = 0.31, SE = 0.22), there was little evidence of high genetic correlation between NSSH and SA (rG = - 0.1, SE = 0.54), likely due to the low heritability estimate for SA. The PRS for depression differentiated between those with NSSH and SA in multinomial regression. The optimal PRS prediction model for SA (Nagelkerke R2 0.022, p < 0.001) included ADHD, depression, income, anorexia and neuroticism and explained more variance than the optimal prediction model for NSSH (Nagelkerke R2 0.010, p < 0.001) which included ADHD, alcohol consumption, autism spectrum conditions, depression, IQ, neuroticism and suicide attempt. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that SA does not have a large genetic component, and that although NSSH and SA are not discrete outcomes there appears to be little genetic overlap between the two. The relatively small sample size and resulting low heritability estimate for SA was a limitation of the study. Combined with low heritability estimates, this implies that family or population structures in SA GWASs may contribute to signals detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Emma Russell
- Children and Young People's Mental Health Research Collaboration (ChYMe), University of Exeter College of Medicine and Health, Exeter, UK.
| | - Gibran Hemani
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK
| | - Hannah J Jones
- Centre for Academic Mental Health, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK
| | - Tamsin Ford
- University of Cambridge Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge, UK
| | - David Gunnell
- Centre for Academic Mental Health, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at the University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jon Heron
- Centre for Academic Mental Health, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK
| | - Carol Joinson
- Centre for Academic Mental Health, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK
| | - Paul Moran
- Centre for Academic Mental Health, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at the University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Caroline Relton
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK
| | - Matthew Suderman
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK
| | - Sarah Watkins
- Centre for Academic Mental Health, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK
| | - Becky Mars
- Centre for Academic Mental Health, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at the University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Terrill DR, Rodriguez-Seijas C, Zimmerman M. Assessing Suicidal Ideation Using a Brief Self-Report Measure. Psychiatry Res 2021; 297:113737. [PMID: 33486277 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.113737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Accurate assessment of suicidal thoughts is a challenge for researchers and clinicians. There is evidence that self-report and clinical interview assessment methods can result in different endorsement numbers when used to assess suicidal ideation. This study investigates endorsement rates and psychometric properties of a two-item self-report measure of suicidal ideation that distinguishes active from passive suicidal ideation, when compared with a clinical interview. Individuals presenting at an outpatient psychiatry clinic completed a measure of depression severity containing two items assessing passive and active suicidal ideation before undergoing a structured clinical interview. Self-report and clinical interview items demonstrated a low level of agreement. Self-report items were more strongly correlated with same-domain clinical interviewer ratings than different-domain ratings. These items demonstrated high negative predictive value and moderate-to-low positive predictive value for interviewer ratings. A two-item measure of suicidal ideation did not highly align with corresponding interviewer ratings, though such a measure may be useful in determining the absence of suicidal ideation, as well as distinguishing between passive and active suicidal ideation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mark Zimmerman
- Department of Psychiatry, Rhode Island Hospital; Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown Alpert Medical School
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Lukaschek K, Engelhardt H, Baumert J, Ladwig KH. No Correlation Between Rates of Suicidal Ideation and Completed Suicides in Europe: Analysis of 49,008 Participants (55+ Years) Based on the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). Eur Psychiatry 2020; 30:874-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2015.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractBackground:Little is known about country-specific variations in suicidal ideation (SID) by sex and how they correspond with completed suicide rate. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to assess variations in SID prevalence rates by sex and its correlation to completed suicide rates across European countries.Method:SHARE is a cross-national European survey of individuals over the age of 50 and their spouse of any age. The present study relied on wave 4 conducted in 2010–2012 including 49,008 participants aged 55 to 104 years from 16 countries. SID was evaluated using a single item from the Euro-D. Data on completed suicide rates were taken from the WHO mortality database.Results:Of the study population (n = 49,008, 44.3% men, mean age 68.2 ± 9.1 years), a total of 4139 (8.5%, 95% CI 8.2–8.7) reported suicidal ideation within the last month. The women:men ratio in SID prevalence ranged from 1.30 in Estonia to 2.25 in Spain and Portugal. Regarding country-specific variation, the SID prevalence patterns of both men and women did not correspond to the completed suicide rates for males and females aged 55+ reported by the WHO (2013). Correlations were rather moderate in men (r = 0.45) and especially weak in women (r = 0.16).Conclusion:The study showed remarkable differences in SID prevalence by sex. The most exciting finding was that SID rates did not correspond with completed suicide rates in each country under investigation. However, the strength of these patterns substantially differs across countries. This unexpected finding need to be further evaluated.
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Age at onset of first suicide attempt: Exploring the utility of a potential candidate variable to subgroup attempters. Asian J Psychiatr 2018; 37:40-45. [PMID: 30107315 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Our objective was to explore the utility of age at first suicide attempt in identifying subgroups of suicide attempters. METHODS In a retrospective study design, we collected information from the clinical charts of 895 patients assessed over a seven-year period. Admixture analysis was used to determine the best fitting theoretical model for distribution of age at first attempt that divided the sample. Subsequently, multivariate analysis was performed to identify variables that distinguished the subgroups identified. RESULTS The theoretical solution that best explained the observed distribution of age at first suicide attempt was a mixture of two Gaussian distributions with a cut-off of 31 years for the two subgroups. In logistic regression analysis, male gender (Odds ratios [OR] 3.047, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.818-5.106), fewer years of formal schooling (OR 3.384, 95% CI 1.701-6.734) and being married (OR 23.36, 95% CI 10.753-50.000), were more commonly associated with the late onset subgroup (age at first attempt >31 years). Further, the late onset subgroup had poorer global functioning (OR 0.980, 95% CI 0.962 to 0.998). CONCLUSION Age at onset of first suicide attempt is a useful candidate marker to delineate an early and late onset subgroup among suicide attempters. These results are likely to inform customization of suicide prevention strategies.
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Exploring Harms Experienced by Children Aged 7 to 11 Using Ambulance Attendance Data: A 6-Year Comparison with Adolescents Aged 12⁻17. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15071385. [PMID: 30004405 PMCID: PMC6068488 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15071385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Many population data sources do not routinely collect data of children under 12, despite research showing that mental health, self-injurious behaviour, and substance ingestion can have severe consequences in this age group. We used 6 years (January 2012 to December 2017) of ambulance attendance data from the Australian state of Victoria to characterise mental health, self-injurious behaviour, and substance ingestion in children aged 7–11. We compared this group to older children aged 12–17. We found that in comparison to those aged 12–17 (n = 26,778), a smaller number of children aged 7–11 years (n = 1558) were experiencing serious harms, with mental health symptomology the most common harmful outcome. Self-injurious behaviour significantly increased in both age groups throughout the study period. For mental health, self-injurious behaviour and substance ingestion in the 7–11 age group, males were significantly over-represented. These aged 7–11 were more likely to ingest pharmaceuticals, rather than alcohol or illicit substances, and suicidal ideation was the most common self-injurious behaviour in this age group. Our study suggests that data collection needs to occur specifically in the 7–11 age group, and importantly, services and interventions to improve mental health and wellbeing will need to be specifically designed and targeted at this age group.
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Brüdern J, Berger T, Caspar F, Maillart AG, Michel K. The Role of Self-Organization in the Suicidal Process. Psychol Rep 2016; 118:668-85. [PMID: 27154385 DOI: 10.1177/0033294116633351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This article describes the application of a dual-regulation model to a case example of a female suicide attempter. The model complements the traditional goal-and-feedback view with self-organizing processes, which may help to better understand the suicidal process. From this view, impulsive suicidal behavior can be interpreted as a dysfunctional pattern by which high-internal tension is reduced through self-organized processes. High tension might result from intrapersonal factors and adverse life conditions, by which self-regulation is depleted. Also concepts from social psychology (i.e., ego depletion, self-regulation failure) are consistent with this view and are discussed in context of a suicidal crisis. Identifying dysfunctional self-organization processes and acquiring strategies to strengthen self-regulation might, therefore, be important for suicide prevention.
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Kim J, Lee KS, Kim DJ, Hong SC, Choi KH, Oh Y, Wang SM, Lee HK, Kweon YS, Lee CT, Lee KU. Characteristic Risk Factors Associated with Planned versus Impulsive Suicide Attempters. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE 2015; 13:308-15. [PMID: 26598591 PMCID: PMC4662162 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2015.13.3.308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to investigate predictors for planned suicide attempters. METHODS This study included 1,003 patients who attempted suicide and visited emergency department. They were divided into two groups, planned suicide attempters (SAs; n=133 [13.3%]) and impulsive SAs (n=870, [86.7%]), and the demographic variables, clinical characteristics, factors related to suicide, and psychiatric resources of the groups were compared. RESULTS Major depressive disorder and substance use disorders were more common among planned SAs than among impulsive SAs. Additionally, the planned SAs were older, more likely to be divorced, separated or widowed, and more likely to have comorbid medical illnesses, severe depression, higher suicidality, and self-blaming tendencies than the impulsive SAs. Financial problems and physical illnesses were more common in planned SAs but interpersonal conflicts were more frequent in impulsive SAs. Planned SAs had fewer previous suicide attempts but these were more serious suicide attempts. The presence of the hope to die, a written will, and suicidal ideation of a repetitive, intense, and continuous nature were predictive of planned SAs. CONCLUSION The present findings demonstrated that planned SAs had more severe psychopathology and medical illnesses than impulsive SAs. Therefore, screening for depression, substance use disorders, and suicidal plans among old and medically ill patients may be important for preventing suicide attempts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeha Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kang-Sook Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Catholic Industrial Medical Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dai Jin Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Chul Hong
- Department of Psychiatry, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung Ho Choi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Youngmin Oh
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sheng-Min Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hae-Kook Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Sil Kweon
- Department of Psychiatry, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chung Tai Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Uk Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Rimkeviciene J, O'Gorman J, De Leo D. Impulsive suicide attempts: a systematic literature review of definitions, characteristics and risk factors. J Affect Disord 2015; 171:93-104. [PMID: 25299440 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2014.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extensive research on impulsive suicide attempts, but lack of agreement on the use of this term indicates the need for a systematic literature review of the area. The aim of this review was to examine definitions and likely correlates of impulsive attempts. METHODS A search of Medline, Psychinfo, Scopus, Proquest and Web of Knowledge databases was conducted. Additional articles were identified using the cross-referencing function of Google Scholar. RESULTS 179 relevant papers were identified. Four different groups of research criteria used to assess suicide attempt impulsivity emerged: (a) time-related criteria, (b) absence of proximal planning/preparations, (c) presence of suicide plan in lifetime/previous year, and (d) other. Subsequent analysis used these criteria to compare results from different studies on 20 most researched hypotheses. Conclusions regarding the characteristics of impulsive attempts are more consistent than those on the risk factors specific to such attempts. No risk factors were identified that uniformly related to suicide attempt impulsivity across all criteria groups, but relationships emerged between separate criteria and specific characteristics of suicide attempters. LIMITATIONS Only published articles were included. Large inconsistencies in methods of the studies included in this review prevented comparison of effect sizes. CONCLUSIONS The vast disparities in findings on risk factors for impulsive suicide attempts among different criteria groups suggest the need to address the methodological issues in defining suicide attempt impulsivity before further research into correlates of such attempts can effectively progress. Specific recommendations are offered for necessary research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurgita Rimkeviciene
- Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention, National Centre of Excellence in Suicide Prevention, World Health Organisation Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Suicide Prevention, Griffith University, Australia.
| | - John O'Gorman
- Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention, National Centre of Excellence in Suicide Prevention, World Health Organisation Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Suicide Prevention, Griffith University, Australia; Griffith Health Institute, Australia
| | - Diego De Leo
- Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention, National Centre of Excellence in Suicide Prevention, World Health Organisation Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Suicide Prevention, Griffith University, Australia
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Miranda R, Ortin A, Scott M, Shaffer D. Characteristics of suicidal ideation that predict the transition to future suicide attempts in adolescents. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2014; 55:1288-96. [PMID: 24827817 PMCID: PMC4821401 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study sought to examine characteristics of suicidal ideation (SI) that predict a future suicide attempt (SA), beyond psychiatric diagnosis and previous SA history. METHODS Participants were 506 adolescents (307 female) who completed the Columbia Suicide Screen (CSS) and selected modules from the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children (C-DISC 2.3) as part of a two-stage high school screening and who were followed up 4-6 years later to assess for a SA since baseline. At baseline, participants who endorsed SI on the CSS responded to four questions regarding currency, frequency, seriousness, and duration of their SI. A subsample of 122 adolescents who endorsed SI at baseline also completed a detailed interview about their most recent SI. RESULTS Thinking about suicide often (OR = 3.5, 95% CI = 1.7-7.2), seriously (OR = 3.1, 95% CI = 1.4-6.7), and for a long time (OR = 2.3, 95% CI = 1.1-5.2) were associated with a future SA, adjusting for sex, the presence of a mood, anxiety, and substance use diagnosis, and baseline SA history. However, only SI frequency was significantly associated with higher odds of a future SA (OR = 3.6, 95% CI = 1.4-9.1) when also adjusting for currency, seriousness, and duration. Among ideators interviewed further about their most recent SI, ideating 1 hr or more (vs. less than 1 hr) was associated with a future SA (OR = 3.6, 95% CI = 1.0-12.7), adjusting for sex, depressive symptoms, previous SA history, and other baseline SI characteristics, and it was also associated with making a future SA earlier. CONCLUSIONS Assessments of SI in adolescents should take special care to inquire about frequency of their SI, along with length of their most recent SI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Miranda
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, NY, United States,Department of Psychology, City University of New York, Hunter College, NY, United States
| | - Ana Ortin
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, NY, United States,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michelle Scott
- School of Social Work, Monmouth University, NJ, United States
| | - David Shaffer
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, NY, United States
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Rew L, Arheart KL, Horner SD, Thompson S, Johnson KE. Gender and Ethnic Differences in Health-Promoting Behaviors of Rural Adolescents. J Sch Nurs 2014; 31:219-32. [DOI: 10.1177/1059840514541855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although much is known about health-risk behaviors of adolescents, less is known about their health-promoting behaviors. The purpose of this analysis was to compare health-promoting behaviors in adolescents in Grades 9–12 by gender and ethnicity and explore how these behaviors changed over time. Data were collected from 878 rural adolescents (47.5% Hispanic; mean age at baseline 14.7 years). Males from all ethnic groups scored significantly higher than all females on physical activity; non-Hispanic Black males and females scored significantly higher than other ethnic groups on safety behaviors. Hispanic and non-Hispanic White females scored higher than males in these ethnic groups on stress management. Nutrition, physical activity, and safety behaviors decreased significantly for most participants from Grade 9 to 12 whereas stress management remained relatively stable. Findings are similar to those from nationally representative samples that analyzed cross-sectional data and have implications for school nursing interventions to improve health-promoting behaviors in rural adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn Rew
- The University of Texas at Austin School of Nursing, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Kristopher L. Arheart
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, The University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Sharon D. Horner
- The University of Texas at Austin School of Nursing, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Sanna Thompson
- The University of Texas at Austin School of Social Work, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Karen E. Johnson
- The University of Texas at Austin School of Nursing, Austin, TX, USA
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Potard C, Kubiszewski V, Gimenes G, Courtois R. Validation of the French version of the Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire among adolescents. Psychiatry Res 2014; 215:471-6. [PMID: 24332633 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2013.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Teenage suicide is a major public health issue in Western societies, especially in France. An instrument to measure suicidal thoughts in French adolescents and thus identify the teenagers at risk is urgently required. The aim of this study was to validate a French version of the Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire (SIQ) for use with teenagers. Respondents (n=956, age range 14-18.0) completed the SIQ and other convergent measures (self-esteem, psychic morbidity, anxiety, and personality) for three validation steps (general and clinical samples). A confirmatory factor analysis was performed on the SIQ. The study supported a 30-item one-factor model, similar to the original questionnaire, with moderate model fit indices (χ(2)/ddl=3.21; RMSEA=0.05; CFI=0.87; GFI=0.92). Significant correlations (-0.22 to 0.74) were found with convergent measures among general (n=871) and psychiatric samples (n=38). A high internal consistency was found with a reliability coefficient of 0.91. The results confirm the psychometric qualities of the questionnaire for French adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Potard
- University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, EA 6291, 57 rue Pierre Tailtinger, 51096 Reims, Cedex, France.
| | | | - Guillaume Gimenes
- University of François Rabelais, Department of Psychology, EA 2114 Tours, France
| | - Robert Courtois
- University of François Rabelais, Department of Psychology, EA 2114 Tours, France; Psychiatric University Clinic, University Hospital of Tours (CHRU), Tours, France
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Meng H, Li J, Loerbroks A, Wu J, Chen H. Rural/urban background, depression and suicidal ideation in Chinese college students: a cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71313. [PMID: 23977015 PMCID: PMC3745444 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The objective of this study was to examine, first, the relationship of having a rural vs. urban background with suicidal ideation in Chinese college students, and second, whether a potential relationship was mediated by depression. Methods A survey was conducted among 1,145 undergraduate students at a university in China. Suicidal ideation and depressive symptoms were measured by the revised Hopkins’ Symptom checklist (SCL-90-R). Associations between rural vs. urban background, depression and suicidal ideation were estimated by multivariable linear regression-based β coefficients, logistic regression-based odds ratios (ORs), and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The magnitude of indirect effect and bias-corrected 95% CIs were obtained through bootstrap techniques. Results Rural background was positively associated with depression, which was in turn associated with suicidal ideation. The OR for rural status and suicidal ideation equaled 2.15 (95% CI = 1.36–3.41). This OR was slightly, though significantly (p<0.05) attenuated by additional adjustment for depressive symptoms (OR = 1.99, 95% CI = 1.15–3.44). Conclusion Having a rural background is a determinant of suicidal ideation in Chinese college students. Depression may only marginally mediate this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Meng
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China ; Tongji Center of Injury Prevention, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Iliceto P, Pompili M, Candilera G, Borges G, Lamis DA, Serafini G, Girardi P. Suicide risk and psychopathology in immigrants: a multi-group confirmatory factor analysis. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2013; 48:1105-14. [PMID: 23096150 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-012-0608-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immigrants may experience several negative consequences as a result of their migration including discrimination, unsatisfactory economic conditions, and rejection from the host countries, which may contribute to psychiatric illness and vulnerability to suicidal behaviors. The purpose of the current study was to determine whether or not the theorized components of measured dimensions of suicide risk and psychopathology vary across samples of Italians and immigrants. METHODS We investigated 237 Italians and 234 immigrants, who were administered self-report questionnaires to assess temperament (TEMPS-A), hopelessness (BHS), personality (EPQ-R), and self-other perception (9AP). RESULTS Multi-group confirmatory factor analyses were conducted, which yielded a final model with an excellent fit to the data (χ (53) (2) = 57.56; CFI = 0.994; RMSEA = 0.014). This final model fits significantly better than the previously tested models and indicated that the same pattern of relationships was found between suicide risk and psychopathology across both groups. CONCLUSIONS Although immigrants represent a unique population and may experience specific stressors contributing to psychopathology and suicide risk, our findings suggest that the samples of Italians and immigrants may be more similar on the study variables under investigation than previously thought. Implications are offered for the improved identification and treatment of immigrants and resident citizens in Europe in general and in Italy in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Iliceto
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Functions, Suicide Prevention Center, Department of Psychiatry, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 1035 Via di Grottarossa, 00189, Rome, Italy
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Pan YJ, Stewart R, Chang CK. Socioeconomic disadvantage, mental disorders and risk of 12-month suicide ideation and attempt in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R) in US. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2013; 48:71-9. [PMID: 22996607 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-012-0591-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2012] [Accepted: 09/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aim to explore the distinctive interrelationships between family income and mental disorders on suicidality in recent 12 months. METHODS A stratified random subsample of adults in a household survey in US, National Comorbidity Survey Replication, was used for analyses. The ratio of family income to poverty threshold (RoFIPT) per capita was the primary predictor of interest to 12-month occurrence of suicide ideation and attempt. Effect modification by mental disorders was further explored. RESULTS A total of 4,724 subjects were analyzed. Inverse associations were found with RoFIPT for both suicidal outcomes after confounding control. Furthermore, effect modification was revealed that RoFIPT was more strongly associated with suicide ideation for those with mental disorders (OR 0.87; 95 % CI 0.79, 0.95). CONCLUSIONS An inverse gradient of RoFIPT was shown with suicide ideation and attempt. Moreover, having mental disorders was found to be an effect modifier for the relationships between family income and suicidality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ju Pan
- Department of Psychiatry, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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