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Chang EC, Sánchez-Álvarez N, Rey L, Extremera N. Examining optimism and flourishing as protective factors of suicidality across the adult lifespan: A cross-sectional investigation in three Spanish age groups. DEATH STUDIES 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38416573 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2024.2322560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
We examined optimism and flourishing as unique protective predictors of suicidality (viz., suicidal ideation and suicidal behaviors) in a cross-sectional study of young adults (18-35 years), middle-aged adults (36-55 years), and older adults (≥56 years). Young adults were found to have higher levels of suicidal ideation and suicidal behaviors compared to middle-aged and older adults. Controlling for depressive symptoms, the results of conducting regression analyses consistently implicated flourishing as a distinct predictor of lower suicidal ideation and suicidal behaviors in young adults and middle-aged adults. However, for older adults, only optimism was found to be a unique predictor of lower suicidal ideation and suicidal behaviors. Implications of the present findings for understanding the differential role of optimism and flourishing in accounting for suicidality across the adult lifespan are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward C Chang
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Lourdes Rey
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
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Rodriguez-Jimenez R, García-Fernández L, Baón-Pérez B, Ansede-Cascudo JC, Arroba CMA, Sendra-Gutierrez JM, Romero-Ferreiro V, Sánchez-Cabezudo Á, Alvarez-Mon MA, Navío-Acosta M. Hospital admissions due to suicide attempts during the COVID-19 pandemic, a 3-year longitudinal study. Psychiatry Res 2023; 327:115346. [PMID: 37523887 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
The appearance of the SARS CoV-2 virus and the associated COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with the onset of mental disorders in healthy people and the worsening in those with pre-existing mental conditions. One of the areas that has raised the greatest concern is that of suicidality. Most of the published studies have been carried out cross-sectional or with small samples, without stratifying by age and gender. Thus, the aim of this longitudinal research is to study, in a large population sample of around 6,700,000 inhabitants belonging to the entire region of Madrid (Spain), the admissions in psychiatric hospitalization units due to suicidal attempts along 2019, 2020 and 2021. No clear increase in the number of admissions due to suicidality in the total population have been found. In addition, a higher prevalence in admissions among women is verified. Moreover, stratifying by age and gender, a striking and significant increase in hospital admissions due to suicidality has been observed in the group up to 17 years old, from September 2020 until the end of the study. These results highlight the special vulnerability of children and adolescents, specifically girls, and the need for preventive measures in the face of future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Rodriguez-Jimenez
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación 12 de Octubre (imas12), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain; CIBERSAM-ISCIII (Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health), Spain
| | - Lorena García-Fernández
- CIBERSAM-ISCIII (Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health), Spain; Departamento de Medicina Clínica, Universidad Miguel Hernández, San Juan, Alicante, Spain; Servicio de Psiquiatría, Hospital Universitario de San Juan, San Juan, Alicante, Spain.
| | - Beatriz Baón-Pérez
- Oficina Regional de Coordinación de Salud Mental y Adicciones, Servicio Madrileño de Salud, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Ansede-Cascudo
- Oficina Regional de Coordinación de Salud Mental y Adicciones, Servicio Madrileño de Salud, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Verónica Romero-Ferreiro
- Instituto de Investigación 12 de Octubre (imas12), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain; CIBERSAM-ISCIII (Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health), Spain; Departmento de Psicología, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángeles Sánchez-Cabezudo
- Instituto de Investigación 12 de Octubre (imas12), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Alvarez-Mon
- Departmento de Medicina y Especialidades Médicas, Universidad de Alcala, Alcala de Henares, Madrid 28801, Spain; Instituto Ramón y Cajal de INvestigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid 28034, Spain; Departmento de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Navío-Acosta
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación 12 de Octubre (imas12), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain; CIBERSAM-ISCIII (Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health), Spain; Oficina Regional de Coordinación de Salud Mental y Adicciones, Servicio Madrileño de Salud, Madrid, Spain
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Snowdon J, Choi N. Unanticipated Changes in Drug Overdose Death Rates in Canada During the Opioid Crisis. Int J Ment Health Addict 2022:1-19. [PMID: 36248265 PMCID: PMC9550153 DOI: 10.1007/s11469-022-00932-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Escalating drug overdose death rates in Canada are of ever-increasing concern. To better understand the extent of this health threat, we obtained mortality statistics and population figures for the years 2000 to 2020, and examined rates of overdose deaths, coded (using ICD-10) as accidental, suicide or "undetermined intent." The drug deemed as primarily responsible for the death was categorized as opioid, non-opioid, or unspecified. Age patterns of drug deaths were graphed. Joinpoint analysis was used to test the significance of changes in death rates. Accidental opioid and stimulant overdose death rates in Canada have climbed faster since 2011, though not as high as corresponding US rates. Unknown cause death rates have increased. However, opioid and non-opioid suicide rates have decreased significantly since 2011, and there have been fewer drug deaths of undetermined intent. Increased attention to the possibility that some suicides are being misclassified is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Snowdon
- Discipline of Psychiatry, Sydney Medical School, Sydney, NSW Australia
- Centre for Mental Health, Concord Hospital, Concord, NSW 2139 Australia
| | - Namkee Choi
- Steve Hicks School of Social Work, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX USA
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Pérez V, Elices M, Vilagut G, Vieta E, Blanch J, Laborda-Serrano E, Prat B, Colom F, Palao D, Alonso J. Suicide-related thoughts and behavior and suicide death trends during the COVID-19 in the general population of Catalonia, Spain. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2022; 56:4-12. [PMID: 34875491 PMCID: PMC8603035 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2021.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is expected to increase suicidal behavior. However, data available to date are inconsistent. This study examines suicidal thoughts and behaviors and suicide trends in 2020 relative to 2019 as an approximation to the impact of the pandemic on suicidal behavior and death in the general population of Catalonia, Spain. Data on suicide-related thoughts and behaviors (STBs) and suicidal mortality were obtained from the Catalonia Suicide Risk Code (CSRC) register and the regional police, respectively. We compared the monthly crude incidence of STBs and suicide mortality rates of 2020 with those of 2019. Joinpoint regression analysis was used to assess changes in trends over time during the studied period. In 2020, 4,263 consultations for STBs and 555 suicide deaths were registered in Catalonia (approx. 7.5 million inhabitants). Compared to 2019, in 2020 STBs rates decreased an average of 6.3% (incidence rate ratio, IRR=0.94, 95% CI 0,90-0,98) and overall suicide death rates increased 1.2% (IRR=1.01, 95% CI 0.90-1.13). Joinpoint regression results showed a substantial decrease in STBs rates with a monthly percent change (MPC) of -22.1 (95% CI: -41.1, 2.9) from January-April 2020, followed by a similar increase from April-July 2020 (MPC=24.7, 95% CI: -5.9, 65.2). The most restrictive measures implemented in response to the COVID-19 pandemic reduced consultations for STBs, suggesting that the "stay at home" message may have discouraged people from contacting mental health services. STBs and mortality should continue to be monitored in 2021 and beyond to understand better the mid-to-long term impact of COVID-19 on suicide trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Pérez
- Institut de Neuropsiquiatria i Addiccions (INAD), Parc de Salut Mar, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain; Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, (IMIM), Parce de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Elices
- Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, (IMIM), Parce de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain.
| | - G Vilagut
- Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, (IMIM), Parce de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - E Vieta
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain; Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Blanch
- Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain; Master Plan on Mental Health and Addictions, Ministry of Health, Catalan Government, Spain
| | | | - B Prat
- Master Plan on Mental Health and Addictions, Ministry of Health, Catalan Government, Spain
| | - F Colom
- Institut de Neuropsiquiatria i Addiccions (INAD), Parc de Salut Mar, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain; Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, (IMIM), Parce de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - D Palao
- Department of Mental Health, Parc Taulí-University Hospital; Unitat Mixta de Neurociència Traslacional I3PT, Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona; CIBERSAM, Spain
| | - J Alonso
- Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, (IMIM), Parce de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
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Hernández-Calle D, Martínez-Alés G, López-Cuadrado T. Suicidal and accidental drug poisoning mortality among older adults and working-age individuals in Spain between 2000 and 2018. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:114. [PMID: 35144558 PMCID: PMC8832785 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-02806-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although medication poisoning in older adults is considered an increasingly important, but preventable cause of death, it has received relatively little attention. We explored recent trends and correlates of suicidal and accidental fatal drug poisonings among older and working-age individuals using nationwide data from Spain. METHODS We identified all 15,353 fatal drug poisonings involving decedents aged ≥15 years in Spain between 2000 and 2018 and divided them by age into older adults (≥65 years) and working-age (15-64 years) individuals. For each age group, we analyzed time trends in suicidal and accidental fatal drug poisoning rates (overall and by ICD-10 drug categories) using joinpoint regressions. To understand the specific drugs classified as "Non-psychotropic/non-specified", we used 2018 data including substance-specific ICD-10 supplementary codes. We explored relevant sociodemographic correlates of suicidal and accidental fatal poisoning rates using multivariable negative binomial regressions. RESULTS Between 2000 and 2018, suicidal fatal poisonings increased faster among older (from 0.19 to 0.63 per 100,000 - average annual change: 7.7%) than working-age individuals (from 0.40 to 0.72 per 100,000 - average annual change: 3.8%). Accidental fatal poisonings increased among older adults (from 0.25 to 2.67 per 100,000 - average annual change: 16.2%) but decreased among working-age counterparts (from 2.38 to 1.42 per 100,000 - average annual change: - 1.9%). Anticoagulants and cardiac-stimulants glycosides accounted for 70% of the 223 accidental fatal poisonings due to non-psychotropic/non-specified drugs registered among older adults in 2018. Roles of gender and urban dwelling in suicidal and accidental poisonings were heterogeneous across age groups. CONCLUSION Increases in suicidal drug poisonings were faster among older than working-age individuals. Accidental fatal poisonings increased only among older adults. Our findings that (i) sociodemographic correlates were heterogeneous across age groups and (ii) anticoagulant and cardiac-stimulant glycosides were particularly salient drivers of accidental poisonings among older adults have implications for prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gonzalo Martínez-Alés
- Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA.,Mental Health Network Biomedical Research Center (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.,Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
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