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Abdel Aziz K, Aly El-Gabry D, Al-Sabousi M, Al-Hassani G, Ragheb MM, Elhassan Elamin M, Abdel-Maksoud M, Stip E, Al-Aidroos A, Al-Shehhi T, Arnone D. Pattern of psychiatric in-patient admissions in Al Ain, United Arab Emirates. BJPsych Int 2020; 18:46-50. [PMID: 34287416 PMCID: PMC8274411 DOI: 10.1192/bji.2020.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
An understanding of the current state of mental health services in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) from a clinical perspective is an important step in advising government and stakeholders on addressing the mental health needs of the fast-growing population. We conducted a retrospective study of data on all patients admitted to a regional psychiatric in-patient unit between June 2012 and May 2015. More Emiratis (UAE nationals) were admitted compared with expatriates. Emiratis were diagnosed more frequently with substance use disorders and expatriates with stress-related conditions. Psychotic and bipolar disorders were the most common causes for admission and had the longest in-patient stays; advancing age was associated with longer duration of in-patient stay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Abdel Aziz
- Assistant Professor of Psychiatry and Consultant Psychiatrist, Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Dina Aly El-Gabry
- Associate Professor of Psychiatry and Consultant Psychiatrist, Okasha Institute of Psychiatry, Neuropsychiatry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Egypt
| | - Mouza Al-Sabousi
- Resident in Psychiatry, Behavioural Science Institute, Al Ain Hospital, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ghanem Al-Hassani
- Resident in Psychiatry, Behavioural Science Institute, Al Ain Hospital, United Arab Emirates
| | - Moataz M Ragheb
- Associate Professor of Psychiatry and Consultant Psychiatrist, Department of Psychiatry, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | | | - Mohamed Abdel-Maksoud
- Maudsley Health Dubai, Al Amal Psychiatric Hospital, Al Awir, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Emmanuel Stip
- Assistant Professor of Psychiatry and Consultant Psychiatrist, Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, United Arab Emirates. .,Professor of Psychiatry and Consultant Psychiatrist, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montreal (CHUM), Institute Universitaireen Santé Mentale de Montréal, Université de Montreal, Canada
| | - Aidroos Al-Aidroos
- Resident in Psychiatry, Behavioural Science Institute, Al Ain Hospital, United Arab Emirates
| | - Tareq Al-Shehhi
- Assistant Professor of Psychiatry and Consultant Psychiatrist, Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, United Arab Emirates. .,General Practitioner, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychological Medicine, Centre for Affective Disorders, King's College London, UK
| | - Danilo Arnone
- Assistant Professor of Psychiatry and Consultant Psychiatrist, Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, United Arab Emirates. .,Associate Professor of Psychiatry and Consultant Psychiatrist
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Baxter AJ, Vos T, Scott KM, Norman RE, Flaxman AD, Blore J, Whiteford HA. The regional distribution of anxiety disorders: implications for the Global Burden of Disease Study, 2010. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res 2014; 23:422-38. [PMID: 25048296 PMCID: PMC6878273 DOI: 10.1002/mpr.1444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Revised: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Anxiety disorders are increasingly acknowledged as a global health issue however an accurate picture of prevalence across populations is lacking. Empirical data are incomplete and inconsistent so alternate means of estimating prevalence are required to inform estimates for the new Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. We used a Bayesian meta-regression approach which included empirical epidemiological data, expert prior information, study covariates and population characteristics. Reported are global and regional point prevalence for anxiety disorders in 2010. Point prevalence of anxiety disorders differed by up to three-fold across world regions, ranging between 2.1% (1.8-2.5%) in East Asia and 6.1% (5.1-7.4%) in North Africa/Middle East. Anxiety was more common in Latin America; high income regions; and regions with a history of recent conflict. There was considerable uncertainty around estimates, particularly for regions where no data were available. Future research is required to examine whether variations in regional distributions of anxiety disorders are substantive differences or an artefact of cultural or methodological differences. This is a particular imperative where anxiety is consistently reported to be less common, and where it appears to be elevated, but uncertainty prevents the reporting of conclusive estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Baxter
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Policy and Evaluation Group, Wacol, Queensland, Australia; School of Population Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Depression in patients with chronic kidney disease on dialysis in Saudi Arabia. Int Urol Nephrol 2014; 46:2393-402. [PMID: 25164589 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-014-0802-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients with chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis experience considerable psychological stress due to physical and social changes brought on by illness, increasing the risk of depressive disorder (DD). We examined the prevalence of DD and depressive symptoms, identified treatments for depression, and determined baseline demographic, social/behavioral, physical, and psychological correlates. METHODS A convenience sample of 310 dialysis patients in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, was screened for DD using the Structured Clinical Interview for Depression and for depressive symptoms using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). Established measures of psychosocial and physical health characteristics were administered, along with questions about current and past treatments. Bivariate and multivariate analyses identified independent correlates of DD and symptoms. RESULTS The prevalence of DD was 6.8 % (major depression 3.2 %, minor depression 3.6 %), and significant depressive symptoms were present in 24.2 % (HDRS 8 or higher). No patients with DD were being treated with antidepressant medication, whereas 28.6 % (6 of 21) were receiving counseling. Being a Saudi national, married, in counseling, or having a history of antidepressant were associated with DD in bivariate analyses. Correlates of depressive symptoms HDRS in multivariate analyses were Saudi nationality, marital status, stressful life events, poor physical functioning, cognitive impairment, overall severity of medical illness, and history of family psychiatric problems. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of DD and depressive symptoms is lower in Saudi dialysis patients than in the rest of the world, largely untreated, and is associated with a distinct set of demographic, psychosocial, and physical health characteristics.
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Ohaeri JU, Awadalla AW. Characteristics of subjects with comorbidity of symptoms of generalized anxiety and major depressive disorders and the corresponding threshold and subthreshold conditions in an Arab general population sample. Med Sci Monit 2012; 18:CR160-73. [PMID: 22367127 PMCID: PMC3560754 DOI: 10.12659/msm.882521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is controversy about differential meaningfulness between comorbid generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)/ major depressive disorder (MDD), the corresponding "pure" disorders and subthreshold conditions. We compared subjects who met DSM-IVTR criteria of symptoms and functional impairment for comorbid GAD/MDD, versus those with GAD, MDD, subthreshold conditions, and without significant symptoms. The comparison measures were socio-demographics, clinical severity, and quality of life (QOL). MATERIAL/METHOD Participants (N=3155: 55.1% female, aged 16-87 yrs) were a general population sample of Kuwaitis who self-completed DSM-IVTR criteria-based questionnaires and the WHOQOL-BREF in 2006/7. We scrutinized the questionnaires and classified them into categories. RESULTS Of the 273 GAD and 210 MDD cases, the prevalence of comorbidity among cases with GAD was 30.8%, and 40% among MDD. Of the 398 subthreshold GAD and 194 subthreshold MDD cases, 58 had subthreshold anxiety/depression comorbidity. Comorbid threshold GAD/MDD cases were significantly older, and more likely to be women, divorced and unemployed, compared with GAD and MDD. In all measures, the threshold GAD/MDD comorbidity was the severest condition. There was a monotonic decrease in QOL with increasing anxiety-depression symptoms. For the predictors of subjective QOL, the GAD/MDD comorbidity group differed markedly from the others. CONCLUSIONS The high prevalence of comorbidity and subthreshold conditions supports the recommendation to assess them routinely, regardless of the primary reason for consultation. Our findings support a dimensional model with comorbid GAD/MDD at the higher end of a continuum, and differing from the "pure" conditions by a later onset and predictors of subjective wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jude U Ohaeri
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychological Medicine Hospital, Safat, Kuwait.
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Al-Sharbati M, Al-Adawi S, Petrini K, Bait Amer AS, Al-Suleimani A, Al-Lawatiya S, Zaidan Z, Al-Adawi SS, Al Hussaini A. Two-phase survey to determine social anxiety and gender differences in Omani adolescents. Asia Pac Psychiatry 2012; 4:131-9. [PMID: 26767357 DOI: 10.1111/j.1758-5872.2012.00181.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2011] [Accepted: 10/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is a lack of studies examining the effectiveness of some of the commonly used instruments to elicit the presence of social anxiety disorder (SAD) in Arab-speaking populations, such as those in Oman. The aim of this study was to establish the influence of social anxiety and the role of gender among Omani adolescents. METHODS A two-phase protocol was used, entailing the psychometric properties of the Arabic version of the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS) against the gold standard, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). RESULTS According to DSM and LSAS, the prevalence of social phobia among Omani students was generally higher compared to what has been reported in other parts of the world and the crosstabs analysis showed a significant correlation between gender and SAD. DISCUSSION The Arabic version of LSAS proved to be an effective tool for assessing and quantifying the presence of SAD. This study discusses the sociocultural factors affecting social phobia in Omani society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwan Al-Sharbati
- Department of Behavioural Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Samir Al-Adawi
- Department of Behavioural Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Karin Petrini
- Institute of Ophthalmology, Department of Visual Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ahmed Sa Bait Amer
- Department of Behavioural Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Abdullah Al-Suleimani
- Department of Behavioural Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Salwa Al-Lawatiya
- Department of Behavioural Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Ziad Zaidan
- Department of Behavioural Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Sara S Al-Adawi
- Department of Behavioural Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Ala'Alddin Al Hussaini
- Department of Behavioural Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
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Nasser SC, Salamoun MM. Treatment of mental disorders and pathways to care in Arab countries. Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract 2011; 15:12-8. [PMID: 22122684 DOI: 10.3109/13651501.2010.512664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The available studies on the treatment of mental disorders in the Arab world are uncommon. METHODS A literature review was conducted aiming at identifying studies related to the rate and type of treatment of mental disorders in Arab countries from the Middle Eastern Mediterranean region. RESULTS A total of 23 articles were included in this review. These articles focused mainly on type of services used and/ or the rate of treatment. Findings from several articles showed a paucity of treatment of mental disorders, and when present, individuals were more likely to receive it from the general medical than from the mental health sector. Only two studies have assessed patterns of treatment of mental disorders on a national level from the Arab Middle Eastern countries (Lebanon and Iraq). CONCLUSION The need for national studies on mental disorders in this part of the world and the improvement of public awareness in this field were highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumana C Nasser
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon.
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Tanios CY, Abou-Saleh MT, Karam AN, Salamoun MM, Mneimneh ZN, Karam EG. The epidemiology of anxiety disorders in the Arab world: a review. J Anxiety Disord 2009; 23:409-19. [PMID: 19091509 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2008.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2007] [Revised: 10/10/2008] [Accepted: 10/18/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies are quite rare in the Arab world. The Institute for Development Research Advocacy and Applied Care (IDRAAC) has conducted a systematic review of all epidemiologic research on anxiety disorders in the Arab world up to 2006. Specific keywords were used in the search for affective disorders, namely anxiety, generalized anxiety disorder, GAD, panic, separation anxiety disorder, SAD, overanxious disorder, OAD, phobia, fear, post-traumatic stress disorder, PTSD, obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), obsessive compulsive symptom (OCS), obsession, compulsion, obsessive, compulsive. All results were screened and categorized. Epidemiological data on prevalence, gender differences, age of onset, comorbidity, risk factors and treatment of anxiety disorders in the Arab world were found in clinical and community samples. There is an evident need for national data on anxiety disorders in the Arab world in order to identify the magnitude of these diseases and their burden on the individual and community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Y Tanios
- Institute for Development Research Advocacy and Applied Care, Beirut, Lebanon
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