Toxicity of Euphorbia canariensis latex to some developmental stages of Drosophila melanogaster (Diptera: Drosophilidae)

Assessment of toxicity and potential risk of butene-fipronil using Drosophila melanogaster, in comparison to nine conventional insecticides

The toxicities of butene-fipronil to Drosophila melanogaster were evaluated, in comparison to nine conventional insecticides. According to the mean LD50 values of the larvae from CS, w(1118) and Oregan strains, butene-fipronil,abamectin, spinosad and chlorpyrifos exhibited high levels of toxicity. Imidacloprid, α-cypermethrin and clothianidin showed middle levels of toxicity. And acephate,methomyl and acetamiprid had low levels of toxicity. To the adults, butene-fipronil, α-cypermethrin, spinosad, and chlorpyrifos were relatively more toxic, whereas acephate,methomyl, acetamiprid, imidacloprid, clothianidin and abamectin were relatively less toxic. Butene-fipronil and abamectin were more toxic to larvae. In contrast, spinosad,a-cypermethrin, and clothianidin were more toxic to adults.Moreover, the toxic risk assessment using a risk quotient value revealed that butene-fipronil was safe to D. melanogaster adults. Thus, our results suggested that butene-fipronil is harmful to D. melanogaster larvae, but it is relatively safe to the adults.

Effects of a porphyrazine derivative on some developmental characteristics of Drosophila melanogaster

In this study, the effects of a porphyrazine derivative, [octakis (2-trimethylammoniumethyl thio) porphyrazinatocobalt] octaiodide (CoPzq), were explored on the developmental characteristics, sex ratio and egg fertility of Drosophila melanogaster. CoPzq was preferred in the study due to its probability to be used as a chemotherapeutic agent in medicine. As a result of the application of CoPzq, a phenotypic abnormality was revealed within the individuals of F1 and F2 generation of Drosophila. Although individuals of F2 generation did not directly come into contact with the chemical, the rate of abnormality is high. An increase was observed within both generations in terms of the egg fertility. Besides, a deviation emerged in the sex-ratio in some concentrations.

Effect of cypermethrin on some developmental stages of Drosophila melanogaster

This study investigated the effects of cypermethrin, a synthetic pyrethroid, on some developmental features of Drosophila melanogaster. Before the experiment the lethal concentration of this insecticide was determined. Cypermethrin solution was applied to Drosophila melanogaster by means of nutrition, by adding it to the culture medium. In the control group no such substance was applied. Our aim was to find out whether any developmental toxic effects occur, and, if they do, during which stage, by observing the rates of egg-laying of adult females, the development of eggs, and the development of larvae. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the rates of egg-laying. However, the decrease in the rate of egg development revealed that eggs and early embryonic stages were sensitive to toxic effects. The same toxic effect was not observed in third instar larvae. The toxic effect was observed to be strongest in the early stages of development.

Recovering effects of aqueous extracts of some selected medical plants on the teratogenic effects during the development of D. melanogaster

In this study the effects of some selected medical plants (Pimpinella anisum L., Rosmarinus officinalis L., Achillea millefolium L., Acorus calamus L., Hypericum perforatum L.) on the development of Drosophila melanogaster have been investigated. When the different concentration of plant extracts were applied to the cultures of Drosophila melanogaster, they did not caused an elongation of metamorphosis of F1 progeny. Furthermore, depending on an increase of plant extract on the application groups, the number of offsprings increased. But this increasing (for application groups no. I, II and IV) was not statistically significant (p > 0.05) according to control group. The highest increase in the total number of offspring of F1 progeny obtained from applications of Acorus calamus extracts and the 10 mL/100 mL medium concentration of the extract of Hypericum perforatum.