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da Silva J, Gonçalves RV, de Melo FCSA, Sarandy MM, da Matta SLP. Cadmium Exposure and Testis Susceptibility: a Systematic Review in Murine Models. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:2663-2676. [PMID: 32951117 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02389-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
It is known that cadmium induces damage to the testis. However, the significant cadmium impact on the testicular architecture and the mechanisms involved in this process are not clear. Besides, the relationship between dose, route, and time of exposure and injuries remains poorly understood. Thus, we aimed to assess whether cadmium exposure in any dose, route, and time of exposure causes significant alteration in the testicular tissue of murine models, as well as the main mechanisms involved. We performed a structured search on the Medline/PubMed and Scopus databases to retrieve studies published until September 2018. The results were organized into an Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) framework. Also, a bias analysis of included studies was performed. We included 37 studies, and most of them identified significant histopathologies in both tubule and intertubule regarding routes, in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The damages were observed after the first hours of exposure, mainly vascular damages suggesting that vasculature failure is the primary mechanism. The AOP showed that potential molecular initiating events may mimic and interfere with essential elements disrupting proteins (structural and antioxidants), change in the oxidative phosphorylation enzyme activities, and gene expression alteration, which lead to reproductive failure (adverse outcome). Analysis of methodological quality showed that the current evidence is at high risk of bias. Despite the high risk of bias, cadmium triggers significant lesions in the testis of murine models, regarding routes, in a dose- and time-dependent manner, mainly due to vascular changes. Therefore, cadmium is a risk factor for male reproductive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janaina da Silva
- Department of General Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Sérgio Luis Pinto da Matta
- Department of General Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
- Department of Animal Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Huang Y, Zhu J, Li H, Wang W, Li Y, Yang X, Zheng N, Liu Q, Zhang Q, Zhang W, Liu J. Cadmium exposure during prenatal development causes testosterone disruption in multigeneration via SF-1 signaling in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 135:110897. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Obembe OO, Raji Y. Effects of aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera seed on cadmium-induced reproductive toxicity in male Wistar rats. Afr Health Sci 2018; 18:653-663. [PMID: 30602998 PMCID: PMC6307027 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v18i3.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Moringa oleifera seeds have been reported to increase sexual activity of male rats but its mechanism of action remains unknown. Objective Cadmium is a heavy metal that induces reproductive toxicity. To elucidate its possible mechanisms of action, the effects of aqueous extract of Moringa seeds (AEMS) on Cadmium-induced reproductive damage were investigated. Methods Thirty male rats (180–200g, n=5) were grouped as follows: Control, Cadmium (2mg/kg), AEMS (100 and 500mg/kg), Cadmium+100mg/kg AEMS and Cadmium+500mg/kg AEMS. Single intraperitoneal dose of Cadmium was administered while AEMS was given daily (p.o) for 6 weeks and thereafter sacrificed by cervical dislocation. Sperm variables were examined microscopically while serum was analysed for sex hormones and antioxidants, testicular and epididymal total protein from tissue homogenate. Data were analysed using Students t-test and ANOVA. Results Cadmium caused significant decrease in sperm variables. The AEMS decreased sperm motility, count and testosterone. These declines were dose dependent. Total testicular protein was significantly lowered by AEMS but total epididymal protein was not affected. Serum catalase and SOD was reduced by AEMS while MDA increased. Conclusion Moringa seeds may exhibit male reproductive toxicity, as observed from its deleterious effect on androgen and sperm variables. It failed to prevent cadmium-induced alteration in reproductive variables and serum antioxidants.
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Tian H, Chen S, Leng Y, Li T, Li Z, Chen H, Zhang Q. Exposure to cadmium during gestation and lactation affects development and function of Leydig cells in male offspring. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2018; 33:351-360. [PMID: 29214744 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Toxic effects of maternal exposure to Cadmium (Cd) on Leydig cells of male offspring arises much concern recently, but its toxic effects on the development of Leydig cells and androgen synthesis have not been elucidated. In this study, female rats were exposed to Cd during gestation and lactation, and the development of Leydig cells in the first filial-generation (F1) male rats was investigated. The steroidogenic signaling pathway and biomarkers related to the development of Leydig cells were detected to disclose how maternal Cd-exposure caused reproductive damage. F1 male rats with maternal Cd-exposure gained a low relative weight of testis and declined levels of steroid hormones. Maternal Cd-exposure interrupted the development of Leydig cells with high expression of SRD5α and cell morphology of immature Leydig cells in adulthood, inhibited the activation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate/ protein kinase A signaling pathway and down-regulated the steroidogenic enzymes. These results would help to disclose the origin of male sexual dysfunction in the developmental stages of Leydig cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huajian Tian
- Department of Cell Biology & Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Shaomin Chen
- Department of Cell Biology & Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yang Leng
- Department of Cell Biology & Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Teng Li
- Department of Cell Biology & Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Zengli Li
- Department of Cell Biology & Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Hongxia Chen
- Department of Cell Biology & Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Qihao Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology & Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
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Ogedengbe OO, Jegede AI, Onanuga IO, Offor U, Peter AI, Akang EN, Naidu ECS, Azu OO. Adjuvant potential of virgin coconut oil extract on antiretroviral therapy-induced testicular toxicity: An ultrastructural study. Andrologia 2017; 50. [PMID: 29230854 DOI: 10.1111/and.12930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of Virgin coconut oil as an adjuvant to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) were investigated on the testicular ultrastructure and biochemical markers in rats. Twenty male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 153-169 g were divided into four groups and treated as follows: control A (distilled water), B (HAART), C (HAART+Virgin coconut oil 10 ml/kg) and D (Virgin coconut oil [VCO] 10 ml/kg). Testicular segments were evaluated using transmission electron microscopy. Serum was assayed for testosterone, luteinising hormone, follicle stimulating hormone and testicular tissue for malondialdehyde and glutathione. Ultrastructure of basement membrane (Bm), mitochondria and spermatocytes was normal in the control group. HAART-treated group showed significant increase (p < .01) in Bm thickness with significant decrease in Leydig cell nuclear diameter (p < .05) and volume (p < .01) when compared with control group. Mitochondrial cristae appear collapsed, and Sertoli cells showed cytoplasmic vacuolations. HAART+VCO group showed improved ultrastructural details in Bm, and Sertoli cell and Leydig cells show abundant lipid droplets. Virgin coconut oil-treated group showed thinning of Bm with otherwise normal ultrastructural features of organelles. HAART-treated group showed significant increase (p < .01) in testosterone levels. There was no significant effect on malondialdehyde and glutathione levels. Virgin coconut oil improved testicular morphology and reversed HAART-induced ultrastructural alterations. Further studies on putative mechanism are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- O O Ogedengbe
- Discipline of Clinical Anatomy, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.,Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - A I Jegede
- Discipline of Clinical Anatomy, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - I O Onanuga
- Discipline of Clinical Anatomy, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - U Offor
- Discipline of Clinical Anatomy, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - A I Peter
- Discipline of Clinical Anatomy, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - E N Akang
- Discipline of Clinical Anatomy, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.,Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - E C S Naidu
- Discipline of Clinical Anatomy, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - O O Azu
- Discipline of Clinical Anatomy, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.,Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia
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Wakui S, Motohashi M, Satoh T, Shirai M, Mutou T, Takahashi H, Wempe MF, Endou H, Inomata T, Asari M. Nuclear Morphometric Analysis of Leydig Cells of Male Pubertal Rats Exposed In Utero to Di(n-butyl) Phthalate. J Toxicol Pathol 2013; 26:439-46. [PMID: 24526819 PMCID: PMC3921929 DOI: 10.1293/tox.2013-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently reported that prenatal rat exposure to di(n-butyl) phthalate (DBP) induced Leydig cell (LC) hyperplasia after nine weeks (wks) of age, yet the number of LCs was similar to that of the vehicle group until seven weeks. Nuclear pleomorphism of hyperplastic LCs is common and is considered to be continuous progressive degeneration. Thus, computer-assisted image cell nuclear analysis of LCs was performed on 5- and 7-wk-old Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats whose dams had been administered DBP (i.g.) at 100 mg/kg/day or vehicle (corn oil) on gestation day 12 to 21. The results of the 5-wk-old DBP group were similar to those of the vehicle group; LC nuclei of the 7-wk-old DBP group showed normal ploidy and similar amounts of DNA. However, the size, elongation and peripheral chromatin aggregation parameters were significantly higher, and the reticular chromatin distribution and isolated chromatin aggregation parameters were significantly lower compared with the vehicle group. The present study quantitatively demonstrated nuclear morphological alterations in rat LCs at 7 wks old (puberty) due to the prenatal DBP administration before apparent LC hyperplasia developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Wakui
- Department of Toxicology, Laboratory Animal Science, and Veterinary Anatomy, Azabu University School of Veterinary Medicine, 1-17-71 Chuo, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Masaya Motohashi
- Department of Toxicology, Laboratory Animal Science, and Veterinary Anatomy, Azabu University School of Veterinary Medicine, 1-17-71 Chuo, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Takemi Satoh
- Kokusan Co., Ltd., 7-8-16 Nishibori Sakura, Saitama 338-0832, Japan
| | - Masaru Shirai
- Department of Toxicology, Laboratory Animal Science, and Veterinary Anatomy, Azabu University School of Veterinary Medicine, 1-17-71 Chuo, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Tomoko Mutou
- Drug Safety Testing Center, 25-1 Kuroiwa, Yoshimi Hiki, Saitama 335-0116, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takahashi
- Department of Pathology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-35-8 Nishishimbashi, Minato, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Michael F. Wempe
- School of Pharmacy, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12850 East Montview Blvd., Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Hitoshi Endou
- J-Pharma Co., Ltd., 75-1 Turumi, Kanagawa 230-0046, Japan
| | - Tomoo Inomata
- Department of Toxicology, Laboratory Animal Science, and Veterinary Anatomy, Azabu University School of Veterinary Medicine, 1-17-71 Chuo, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Masao Asari
- Department of Toxicology, Laboratory Animal Science, and Veterinary Anatomy, Azabu University School of Veterinary Medicine, 1-17-71 Chuo, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
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de Souza Predes F, Monteiro JC, Matta SLP, Garcia MC, Dolder H. Testicular histomorphometry and ultrastructure of rats treated with cadmium and Ginkgo biloba. Biol Trace Elem Res 2011; 140:330-41. [PMID: 20428964 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-010-8702-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2010] [Accepted: 04/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the association of a single low dose of Cd and daily doses of Ginkgo biloba extract (GbE) on the testis and accessory glands of rats. The animals were treated with a single dose of 3 µmol/kg body weight of cadmium chloride (CdCl₂) and/or 100 mg/kg body weight of GbE. The plasma testosterone levels; corporal, testicular, and accessory glands weight; gonadosomatic index, volumetric proportion; and absolute volume of testicular components did not change after the treatments. CdCl₂ caused significant reduction in Leydig cells volume and altered Leydig cell morphology, as well as vacuolated Sertoli cells cytoplasm, irregular chromatin condensation of late spermatids, and modified acrosome formation. However, animals that received GbE did not show these alterations. The reversal of Cd-induced alterations by the extract is a strong indication that G. biloba is helpful in diminishing the effect of Cd toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrícia de Souza Predes
- Department of Anatomy, Cellular Biology, Physiology and Biophysics, State University of Campinas, Campinas, CP 6109, São Paulo 13083-863, Brazil.
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Leite RP, Wada RS, Monteiro JC, Predes FS, Dolder H. Protective effect of Guaraná (Paullinia cupana var. sorbilis) pre-treatment on cadmium-induced damages in adult Wistar testis. Biol Trace Elem Res 2011; 141:262-74. [PMID: 20495888 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-010-8729-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2010] [Accepted: 05/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Guaraná (Paullinia cupana) is an Amazonian plant. Its antioxidant potential was demonstrated to be due to the high polyphenol concentration. On the other hand, one of the mechanisms underlying cadmium-induced cellular damage is free radical mediated, resulting in increased oxidative processes. This study investigated P. cupana's potential to attenuate cadmium-induced damages in Wistar rat testis. Adult male Wistar rats were either pre-treated with 2 mg/g body weight (BW) of powdered P. cupana seed during 56 days and/or injected with cadmium chloride at a dose of 1.15 mg/kg BW. After cadmium exposition (48 h), testes samples were evaluated by histological and stereological analyses. Both groups exposed to cadmium presented evident morphological alterations relative to control animals. A few rodents showed massive cell death in the seminiferous epithelium and intertubular space, indicating that some animals are more sensitive to cadmium. Despite the alterations observed in both groups, pre-treatment with P. cupana was effective in attenuating morphological changes in Leydig cells, as well as reducing inflammatory response, relative to animals exclusively exposed to the metal. Animals treated only with P. cupana presented a significant increase in plasma testosterone levels and a significant increase in volumetric proportions of seminiferous tubules, which are indicative of spermatogenic stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Paula Leite
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, Physiology and Biophysical, Institute of Biology, UNICAMP, P. O. Box 6109, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-863, Brazil
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