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Basterrechea DA, Rocher J, Parra L, Lloret J. Low-Cost System Based on Optical Sensor to Monitor Discharge of Industrial Oil in Irrigation Ditches. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21165449. [PMID: 34450891 PMCID: PMC8401818 DOI: 10.3390/s21165449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Uncontrolled dumping linked to agricultural vehicles causes an increase in the incorporation of oils into the irrigation system. In this paper, we propose a system based on an optical sensor to monitor oil concentration in the irrigation ditches. Our prototype is based on the absorption and dispersion of light. As a light source, we use Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) with different colours (white, yellow, blue, green, and red) and a photodetector as a sensing element. To test the sensor's performance, we incorporate industrial oils used by a diesel or gasoline engine, with a concentration from 0 to 0.20 mLoil/cm2. The experiment was carried out at different water column heights, 0 to 20 cm. According to our results, the sensor can differentiate between the presence or absence of diesel engine oil with any LED. For gasoline engine oil, the sensor quantifies its concentration using the red light source; concentrations greater than 0.1 mLoil/cm2 cannot be distinguished. The data gathered using the red LED has an average absolute error of 0.003 mLoil/cm2 (relative error of 15.8%) for the worst case, 15 cm. Finally, the blue LED generates different signals in the photodetector according to the type of oil. We developed an algorithm that combines (i) the white LED, to monitor the presence of oil; (ii) the blue LED, to identify if the oil comes from a gasoline or diesel engine; and (iii) the red LED, to monitor the concentration of oil used by a gasoline engine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A. Basterrechea
- Instituto de Investigación para la Gestión Integrada de Zonas Costeras, Universitat Politècnica de València, C/Paraninf, 1 Grao de Gandia, 46730 Valencia, Spain; (D.A.B.); (J.R.); (L.P.)
| | - Javier Rocher
- Instituto de Investigación para la Gestión Integrada de Zonas Costeras, Universitat Politècnica de València, C/Paraninf, 1 Grao de Gandia, 46730 Valencia, Spain; (D.A.B.); (J.R.); (L.P.)
| | - Lorena Parra
- Instituto de Investigación para la Gestión Integrada de Zonas Costeras, Universitat Politècnica de València, C/Paraninf, 1 Grao de Gandia, 46730 Valencia, Spain; (D.A.B.); (J.R.); (L.P.)
- IMIDRA, Finca “El Encin”, A-2, Km 38, 2 Alcalá de Henares, 28805 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaime Lloret
- Instituto de Investigación para la Gestión Integrada de Zonas Costeras, Universitat Politècnica de València, C/Paraninf, 1 Grao de Gandia, 46730 Valencia, Spain; (D.A.B.); (J.R.); (L.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-609-549-043; Fax: +34-962-849-313
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Fajardo C, Blánquez A, Domínguez G, Borrero-López AM, Valencia C, Hernández M, Arias ME, Rodríguez J. Assessment of Sustainability of Bio Treated Lignocellulose-Based Oleogels. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13020267. [PMID: 33467395 PMCID: PMC7829808 DOI: 10.3390/polym13020267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of biological strategies to obtain new high-added value biopolymers from lignocellulosic biomass is a current challenge for scientific community. This study evaluates the biodegradability and ecotoxicity of new formulated oleogels obtained from fermented agricultural residues with Streptomyces, previously reported to show improved rheological and tribological characteristics compared to commercial mineral lubricants. Both new oleogels exhibited higher biodegradation rates than the commercial grease. Classical ecotoxicological bioassays using eukaryotic organisms (Lactuca sativa, Caenorhabditis elegans) showed that the toxic impact of the produced bio-lubricants was almost negligible and comparable to the commercial grease for the target organisms. In addition, high throughput molecular techniques using emerging next-generation DNA-sequencing technologies (NGS) were applied to study the structural changes of lubricant-exposed microbial populations of a standard soil. Results obtained showed that disposal of biomass-based lubricants in the soil environment did not substantially modify the structure and phylogenetic composition of the microbiome. These findings point out the feasibility and sustainability, in terms of biodegradability and eco-safety, of the new bio-lubricants in comparison with commercial mineral greases. This technology entails a promising biological strategy to replace fossil and non-renewable raw materials as well as to obtain useful biopolymers from agricultural residues with potential for large-scale applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Fajardo
- Departamento de Biomedicina y Biotecnología, Universidad de Alcalá, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; (A.B.); (G.D.); (M.H.); (M.E.A.); (J.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-91-885-46-76
| | - Alba Blánquez
- Departamento de Biomedicina y Biotecnología, Universidad de Alcalá, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; (A.B.); (G.D.); (M.H.); (M.E.A.); (J.R.)
| | - Gabriela Domínguez
- Departamento de Biomedicina y Biotecnología, Universidad de Alcalá, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; (A.B.); (G.D.); (M.H.); (M.E.A.); (J.R.)
| | - Antonio M. Borrero-López
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Campus de “El Carmen”, Universidad de Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain; (A.M.B.-L.); (C.V.)
| | - Concepción Valencia
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Campus de “El Carmen”, Universidad de Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain; (A.M.B.-L.); (C.V.)
| | - Manuel Hernández
- Departamento de Biomedicina y Biotecnología, Universidad de Alcalá, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; (A.B.); (G.D.); (M.H.); (M.E.A.); (J.R.)
| | - María E. Arias
- Departamento de Biomedicina y Biotecnología, Universidad de Alcalá, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; (A.B.); (G.D.); (M.H.); (M.E.A.); (J.R.)
| | - Juana Rodríguez
- Departamento de Biomedicina y Biotecnología, Universidad de Alcalá, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; (A.B.); (G.D.); (M.H.); (M.E.A.); (J.R.)
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Soroldoni S, Silva G, Correia FV, Marques M. Spent lubricant oil-contaminated soil toxicity to Eisenia andrei before and after bioremediation. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2019; 28:212-221. [PMID: 30627964 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-018-02013-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Bioremediation is very efficient in biodegrading petroleum hydrocarbons. However, the decrease in these target contaminants in soils is not necessarily followed by a decrease in toxicity. The remaining contaminants can be enough to retain toxicity, while incomplete degradation of several compounds can generate sub-products, which can be even more toxic. In this context, the aim of this study was to assess acute and chronic toxicity in Eisenia andrei exposed to soil contaminated with 5% spent lubricant oil before and after 22 months of bioremediation in 150 L aerobic reactors. Applied bioremediation strategies were biostimulation (BIOS), bioaugmentation by adding mature compost from municipal solid waste (BIOA1) and bioaugmentation by adding non-mature compost from municipal solid waste (BIOA2). After 22 months, total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) were reduced 71% in BIOS and 73% in both BIOA1 and BIOA2. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) were reduced in about 98% in all treatments (BIOS, BIOA1 and BIOA2). At the 14th day of exposure, mortality rates were 7 ± 2, 20 ± 0, 75 ± 25, 93 ± 12 and 100 ± 0% for Eisenia andrei exposed to CONT (soil with no oil addition), BIOS, OLU (soil newly contaminated with 5% spent oil), BIOA1 and BIOA2, respectively. After 14 days, surviving specimens in both BIOS and OLU soils exhibited anatomic deformations, less biomass than the controls, and decrease in juvenile forms and coelomocytes. After 28 days, the mortality rate for BIOS and OLU soils increased to 97 and 100%, respectively. Therefore, even with a reduction of 71-73% for TPH and 98% for PAH, toxic effects remained in all soils bioremediated, probably due to the remaining hydrocarbons and/or hydrocarbon biodegradation products. The results indicate that both chemical analyses and toxicological monitoring are required to follow-up soil remediation progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanye Soroldoni
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering-DESMA, Rio de Janeiro State University-UERJ. Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, sala 5024E, Maracanã, CEP 20550-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Laboratory of Organic Microcontaminants and Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Oceanography Institute, Rio Grande Federal University-FURG, Avenida Itália Km 8, Carreiros, CEP 96203-000, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Graciane Silva
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering-DESMA, Rio de Janeiro State University-UERJ. Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, sala 5024E, Maracanã, CEP 20550-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fabio Veríssimo Correia
- Laboratory of Environmental Health, Rio de Janeiro State Federal University-UNIRIO, Av. Pasteur, 458, CEP 22.290-240, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Marcia Marques
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering-DESMA, Rio de Janeiro State University-UERJ. Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, sala 5024E, Maracanã, CEP 20550-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Niva CC, Niemeyer JC, Júnior FMRDS, Nunes MET, De Sousa DL, Aragão CWS, Sautter KD, Espindola EG, Sousa JP, Römbke J. Soil ecotoxicology in Brazil is taking its course. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:11363-11378. [PMID: 27072030 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6597-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Soil ecotoxicology has been motivated by the increasing global awareness on environmental issues. Northern Hemisphere has been the main driver of this science branch; however, the number and quality of contributions from the Southern Hemisphere are increasing quickly. In this case study, Brazil is taken as an example of how soil ecotoxicology has developed over the last 30 years. It starts with a brief historical overview depicting the main events on soil ecotoxicology in the country. Following, an overview on the Brazilian legislation related to soil ecotoxicology is given, covering regulations with prospective focus, mainly on the registration of pesticides. Regulations with retrospective focus in contaminated areas are also given. Then, an outline of the actors in soil ecotoxicology and examples of prospective ecotoxicological studies performed with soil organisms and plants are given by stressor groups: pesticides, pharmaceuticals, metals, and residues. Experiences from retrospective studies, mainly looking at the assessment of industrial sites, are also covered. Emphasis is given on methodological aspects, pointing to needed actions, mainly regarding the different biotic and abiotic conditions of a tropical country. Finally, the last session discusses how soil ecotoxicology could be improved in methodological adaptations as well as legal requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cintia Carla Niva
- Embrapa Cerrados, BR 020 BSB/FORTALEZA Km 18, Caixa-postal: 08223, Brasilia, Planaltina DF, CEP 73310-970, Brazil.
| | - Julia Carina Niemeyer
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Campus de Curitibanos, Rod. Ulysses Gaboardi, Km 3, Faz. Pessegueirinho, Caixa-postal 101, Curitibanos, SC, CEP 89520-000, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Edna Tenório Nunes
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Engenharia Ambiental/EESC/USP, Núcleo de Ecotoxicologia e Ecologia Aplicada, CRHEA/EESC/USP, Av. Trabalhador Sancarlense, 400, Caixa-postal 292, São Carlos, SP, CEP 13566-590, Brazil
| | - Danilo Lourenço De Sousa
- Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis (IBAMA), Diretoria de Qualidade Ambiental, Coordenação de Avaliação Ambiental de Produtos Perigosos, SCEN Trecho 2 - Ed. Sede, Brasília, Asa Norte DF, CEP 70818-900, Brazil
| | - Clara Wandenkolck Silva Aragão
- Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis (IBAMA), Diretoria de Qualidade Ambiental, Coordenação de Avaliação Ambiental de Produtos Perigosos, SCEN Trecho 2 - Ed. Sede, Brasília, Asa Norte DF, CEP 70818-900, Brazil
| | - Klaus Dieter Sautter
- Universidade Positivo, Pós-Graduação em Gestão Ambiental, Rua Professor Pedro Viriato Parigot de Souza, de 3841/3842 ao fim, Curitiba, PR, CEP 81280-330, Brasil
| | - Evaldo Gaeta Espindola
- Departamento de Hidráulica e Saneamento/EESC/USP, Av. Trabalhador Sancarlense, 400, Caixa-postal 292, São Carlos, SP, CEP 13566-590, Brazil
| | - José Paulo Sousa
- Department of Life Sciences, Universidade de Coimbra, Centre for Functional Ecology, University of Coimbra, Lg. Marquês de Pombal, Coimbra, 3004-517, Portugal
| | - Jörg Römbke
- ECT Oekotoxikologie GmbH, Böttgerstraße 2, Flörsheim am Main, 65439, Germany
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Chachina S, Voronkova N, Baklanova O. Biological Remediation of the Engine Lubricant Oil-contaminated Soil with Three Kinds of Earthworms, Eisenia Fetida, Eisenia Andrei, Dendrobena Veneta, and a Mixture of Microorganisms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.proeng.2015.07.302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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de Cássia F S Silva R, Almeida DG, Rufino RD, Luna JM, Santos VA, Sarubbo LA. Applications of biosurfactants in the petroleum industry and the remediation of oil spills. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:12523-42. [PMID: 25029542 PMCID: PMC4139858 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150712523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Petroleum hydrocarbons are important energy resources. However, petroleum is also a major pollutant of the environment. Contamination by oil and oil products has caused serious harm, and increasing attention has been paid to the development and implementation of innovative technologies for the removal of these contaminants. Biosurfactants have been extensively used in the remediation of water and soil, as well as in the main stages of the oil production chain, such as extraction, transportation, and storage. This diversity of applications is mainly due to advantages such as biodegradability, low toxicity and better functionality under extreme conditions in comparison to synthetic counterparts. Moreover, biosurfactants can be obtained with the use of agro-industrial waste as substrate, which helps reduce overall production costs. The present review describes the potential applications of biosurfactants in the oil industry and the remediation of environmental pollution caused by oil spills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita de Cássia F S Silva
- Post-Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, CEP 52.171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil.
| | - Darne G Almeida
- Post-Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, CEP 52.171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil.
| | - Raquel D Rufino
- Center for Management of Technology and Innovation-CGTI, Rua da Praia, n.11, São José, CEP 50.020-550 Recife, PE, Brazil.
| | - Juliana M Luna
- Center for Management of Technology and Innovation-CGTI, Rua da Praia, n.11, São José, CEP 50.020-550 Recife, PE, Brazil.
| | - Valdemir A Santos
- Center for Management of Technology and Innovation-CGTI, Rua da Praia, n.11, São José, CEP 50.020-550 Recife, PE, Brazil.
| | - Leonie Asfora Sarubbo
- Center for Management of Technology and Innovation-CGTI, Rua da Praia, n.11, São José, CEP 50.020-550 Recife, PE, Brazil.
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Tamada IS, Montagnolli RN, Lopes PRM, Bidoia ED. Toxicological evaluation of vegetable oils and biodiesel in soil during the biodegradation process. Braz J Microbiol 2013; 43:1576-81. [PMID: 24031989 PMCID: PMC3769042 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-838220120004000042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2011] [Revised: 12/10/2011] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Vegetable oils and their derivatives, like biodiesel, are used extensively throughout the world, thus posing an environmental risk when disposed. Toxicity testing using test organisms shows how these residues affect ecosystems. Toxicity tests using earthworms (Eisenia foetida) are widespread because they are a practical resource for analyzing terrestrial organisms. For phytotoxicological analysis, we used seeds of arugula (Eruca sativa) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa) to analyze the germination of seeds in contaminated soil samples. The toxicological experiment was conducted with four different periods of biodegradation in soil: zero days, 60 days, 120 days and 180 days. The studied contaminants were soybean oil (new and used) and biodiesel (B100). An evaluation of the germination of both seeds showed an increased toxicity for all contaminants as the biodegradation occurred, biodiesel being the most toxic among the contaminants. On the other hand, for the tests using earthworms, the biodiesel was the only contaminant that proved to be toxic. Therefore, the higher toxicity of the sample containing these hydrocarbons over time can be attributed to the secondary compounds formed by microbial action. Thus, we conclude that the biodegradation in soil of the studied compounds requires longer periods for the sample toxicity to be decreased with the action of microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo S Tamada
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Microbiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista , Rio Claro , SP, Brasil
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Khondee N, Tathong S, Pinyakong O, Powtongsook S, Chatchupong T, Ruangchainikom C, Luepromchai E. Airlift bioreactor containing chitosan-immobilized Sphingobium sp. P2 for treatment of lubricants in wastewater. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2012; 213-214:466-473. [PMID: 22398031 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2011] [Revised: 02/04/2012] [Accepted: 02/08/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
An internal loop airlift bioreactor containing chitosan-immobilized Sphingobium sp. P2 was applied for the removal of automotive lubricants from emulsified wastewater. The chitosan-immobilized bacteria had higher lubricant removal efficiency than free and killed-immobilized cells because they were able to sorp and degrade the lubricants simultaneously. In a semi-continuous batch experiment, the immobilized bacteria were able to remove 80-90% of the 200 mg L(-1) total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) from both synthetic and carwash wastewater. The internal loop airlift bioreactor, containing 4 g L(-1) immobilized bacteria, was later designed and operated at 2.0 h HRT (hydraulic retention time) for over 70 days. At a steady state, the reactor continuously removed 85±5% TPH and 73±11% chemical oxygen demand (COD) from the carwash wastewater with 25-200 mg L(-1) amended lubricant. The internal loop airlift reactor's simple operation and high stability demonstrate its high potential for use in treating lubricants in emulsified wastewater from carwashes and other industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nichakorn Khondee
- International Postgraduate Programs in Environmental Management, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Lima TMS, Procópio LC, Brandão FD, Leão BA, Tótola MR, Borges AC. Evaluation of bacterial surfactant toxicity towards petroleum degrading microorganisms. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:2957-2964. [PMID: 20965721 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.09.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2010] [Revised: 09/24/2010] [Accepted: 09/28/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The acute toxicity of bacterial surfactants LBBMA111A, LBBMA155, LBBMA168, LBBMA191 and LBBMA201 and the synthetic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) on the bioluminescent bacterium Vibrio fischeri was evaluated by measuring the reduction of light emission (EC(20)) by this microorganism when exposed to different surfactant concentrations. Moreover, the toxic effects of different concentrations of biological and synthetic surfactants on the growth of pure cultures of isolates Acinetobacter baumannii LBBMA04, Acinetobacter junni LBBMA36, Pseudomonas sp. LBBMA101B and Acinetobacter baumanni LBBMAES11 were evaluated in mineral medium supplemented with glucose. The EC(20) values obtained confirmed that the biosurfactants have a significantly lower toxicity to V. fischeri than the SDS. After 30 min of exposure, bacterial luminescence was almost completely inhibited by SDS at a concentration of 4710 mg L(-1). Growth reduction of pure bacterial cultures caused by the addition of biosurfactants to the growth medium was lower than that caused by SDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tânia M S Lima
- Microbiology Department, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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